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Productivity in Germany, Japan & U.S., 1997.
Definition, measurement & significance in nations' relative economic strength.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPTS AND EXPLAINING THE RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF THE ECONOMIES OF GERMANY, JAPAN, AND THE UNITED STATES
Introduction
This research examines productivity as a key element of competitiveness. An examination of productivity concepts and the measurement of productivity is followed by an assessment of the adequacy of productivity measures as explanations for the relative strengths of the economies of Germany, Japan, and the United States.
Productivity Concepts
Productivity is defined generally as a measure of the rate at which output flows from the use of given amounts of the factors of production (Pappas & Brigham, 1990, p. 191). When the factors of production are used in an efficient manner, a.."
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Current U.S. Foreign Policy, 2002.
This paper outlines the post war policies that the U.S. and the world have adopted towards Iraq.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the current American position in world politics and how its entire foreign policy is centered on Iraq. It discusses the war with Iraq and how this affects the U.S.'s relations with other countries. The Bush Doctrine is examined and how this policy not only affects Iraq and its neighbors, but the entire Middle East. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Allied Forces which joined America - United Kingdom; Germany; France and Russia.
From the Paper
"The war in Iraq and the protests of people around the world has given a clear signal to the American government and policy makers that the world has become a different place. That every attempt of American expansionism and corporate imperialism will be opposed, the unilateral policies of United States has to change and being a superpower it has to realize its responsibilities. The opposition from the European countries, the Arab community and China should be a great concern to America. The American foreign policies clearly show that the goal of its leader is to expand the American empire with the method of progressive imperialism. The United States because of its policies has become isolated in the world and has become an object of hatred around the world. If the unilateral and expansionism policies are continued the fate of American empire will not be different from Roman Empire."
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Nineteenth Century U.S. Immigration, 2007.
This paper discusses the U.S. immigration of people seeking the "land of opportunity, which peaked between 1870 and 1900, resulting in a large growth in the nation's population.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that between 1870 and 1900 an estimated 12 million people immigrated to the U. S. from all over the world especially from China, Germany, Ireland, England and eastern Europe. The author points out that most immigrants, the majority of whom were young adults, came because of the low wages and difficult living conditions in their homelands. The paper relates that these immigrants generally were met with a somewhat hostile environment that demanded they make behavioral adjustments, accept national social structures and American ideals and assume an American identity
From the Paper
"Between 1851 and 1921, more than 3.5 million Irish arrived in North America, the majority of who were of the poorer farming classes. The proportions of family groups declined, while those of the working-age adolescents and adults increased. And while males dominated other ethnic immigrant groups, the nineteenth and early twentieth century Irish immigrants were distinctive in that the sexes reached near parity in numbers. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Irish immigrants were likely to be young, aged fifteen to twenty-four, unmarried, technically unskilled, Catholic, and from the poverty-mined west of Ireland."
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Japan and the U.S. - War in 1941, 2002.
This paper discusses why the U.S. and Japan went to war in 1941.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper finds that Japanese nationalism and militarism threatened American security. The Japanese hoped to conquer new territories so that they could get new markets for Japanese goods and provide raw materials for Japanese industries. The U.S. was threatened by the Japanese aggression and imposed an embargo on Japan. The Japanese ended up attacking Pearl Harbor because the U.S. represented the biggest stumbling block to Japanese expansion in the Pacific.
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Business Customs Between Japan and the U.S., 2006.
An examination of the differences in Japanese and U.S. business customs.
1,951 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the striking differences between Japanese and U.S. business customs which emanate from their different cultures. The author looks at the main concepts that differ between the two nations such as the Japanese emphasis on trust which they believe must be a major component of all long-term relationships. The author gives the example of how contracts do not have as much meaning as with U.S. business relationships. The author discusses in detail the main concepts that the Japanese work under, trust and harmony, unity and intuitive decision making. In conclusion the author points out that although the customs of Japanese business relationships are becoming more widely known and understood, he still recommends that a third party intermediary is taken to help in transactions. This, he states is quite common practice and a preferred practice of the Japanese so that many of the common errors of business protocol can be avoided.
Table of Contents:
Key Concepts
Group Harmony or Wa
Long-Term Relationships, or Nagai Tsukiai
Public Face;Tatemae and True Feelings; Honne
Communication Without Words; Hara-gei and Trust; Shinyo
Conclusions
From the Paper
"This aspect of the Japanese value system has important implications for business negotiations with Japanese clients or partners and is an area where particularly Americans with their somewhat "helter-skelter," lifestyles tend to look upon as superfluous. Therefore, this striking difference of culture-clash is by way of contrast and comparison quite an important factor for the American businessperson to study very carefully if one wishes to conduct business on any level in Japan. Executives of the Japanese organization will want to spend a great deal of time in getting to know prospective foreign associates and it explains why there is so much emphasis on the getting acquainted phase of the first meeting and why informal socializing is such a crucial component of establishing a business alliance in Japan."
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Japan/U.S. Trade, 1993.
An analysis of US-Japan trade, including a discussion of the Japanese economy, American concerns, Japanese economic, agricultural and rice trade, policies, US response to those policies and indications of change.
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 13 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Japan is an important trading partner for the United States, but there are still problems because of the Japanese propensity for different forms of protectionism to keep out competitive goods. There are certain goods that Japan has a particular need for and that the Japanese cannot produce themselves in sufficient quantity, such as wood, highly prized in Japan for its decorative and constructive qualities but not produced domestically in any great quantity. Rice is a staple in Japan, and the Japanese consumes a good deal of rice each year without allowing much in the way of imports from other countries. It is believed that there is a market large enough to support imported rice to a greater degree than is presently ..."
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Biotechnology in Japan and the U.S., 1991.
This paper describes and assesses the development of biotechnology in Japan as compared to the United States: Problems of development in this new industry, ethics, major issues and leaders, decision-making, public policy, funding, universities, legalitie
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper describes and assesses development of biotechnology in Japan as compared to similar activities in the United States. The paper focuses on seven primary issues. First, problems incurred in the development of this new industry are discussed. Second, the interests, assumptions, and actions of key individuals and organizations involved are addressed. Third, the focus shifts to ethical questions raised surrounding this issue. Fourth, discussion moves to how decisions have been made and should be made. Next, discussion addresses policies that have been made or should be made, followed by outcomes or probable outcomes of those policies. The final issue focuses on implications concerning how science influences policy and how policy influences science. These issues overlap and, thus, it is difficult to clearly define where one issue ends and another ... "
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Japan and the U.S. Decision-Making:, 1990.
This paper examines the reasons behind Japan's dramatic growth by analyzing the differences in business practices, cross-cultural differences and decision-making between the two economic powers.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"While America is still a formidable economic force in the world, Japan has become number one in many industries. What is most interesting is how quickly it happened. The purpose of this research will be to look at the reasons behind Japan's dramatic growth by analyzing the differences in business practices and decision-making between the two economic powers. In doing so, a brief review of their historic, cultural and social dissimilarities will also be included.
The strongest elements in Japanese business relations are loyalty and trust, the virtues upon which all decisions are based. The history of relations between the United States and Japan has been one of long, mutual distrust, thus coloring the growth of and current business activities between them."
This distrust began when the United States, under the ... "
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Employee-Management Relations in Japan & U.S., 1997.
Compares cultural & corp. differences. Individualism vs. group loyalty, communication, education, regulation and unions.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS: A COMPARISON OF JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES
Introduction
This research compares the ways in which employment relationships are managed in Japan with the ways in which such relationships are managed in the United States. This comparison is made within the framework of exogenous (field) and endogenous (arena) sources of power and influence in complex cultural organizations. Comparisons between Japan and the United States are made within the contexts of the following sources of power and influence: history (exogenous); organizational ideology and mission (endogenous); organizational communication (endogenous); labor market (exogenous); legal environment (exogenous); and structural authority (endogenous)."
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Child-Rearing in Japan and the U.S., 1994.
A comparison of the philosophies and practices in education, including roles of the teachers and parents, permissiveness, discipline, group vs. individual goals, tantrums and public vs. private behavior.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"In recent years, Japan has become a world economic leader, edging out the United States in numerous fields. Many people in the United States believe this has occurred because of the Japanese ideals of obedience and determination toward working for a chosen goal. Since this ethic is instilled in the Japanese at an early age, this research will focus on Japanese methods of child-rearing, especially those connected with disciplinary techniques, in order to determine whether they are superior to accepted methods used in the United States and what effect they have on Japanese children. "
In a study released by the U.S. Department of Education in 1986, it was reported that students whose parents inculcate values commonly described as the "Protestant work ethic" are
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Marketing in Japan & U.S., 1997.
Compares marketing in these two countries in terms of consumers, segmentation, pricing, distribution, brand names, guarantees, advertising, packaging and direct mail.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"MARKETING IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARISON
Introduction
This research compares marketing practices in Japan with those in the United States. The findings of this research are presented within the contexts of consumer behavior, market segmentation, price maintenance, distribution, branding, product guarantees, advertising, packaging, and direct marketing.
Japanese Consumers
Japanese consumers are moving from passive status to involved participants, often dictating what the end product will look like (Mummert, Orr, and Yorgey 14-19). The Japanese younger consumer demands to be involved and to be heard. The Japanese market is becoming a consumer?driven marketplace, although the evolution has not reached the point where the Japan.."
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Japan and Germany's Military Threat on America, 2001.
An explanatory paper about the developments that led up to Japan and Germany's military threat on the U.S. in 1941
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper takes look at the events that led up to the direct military threat that Japan and Germany imposed on America in 1941. The author examines the causes and U.S. responses to the threat.
From the Paper
"Imperial Japan declared war on China in 1937. Regardless of this aggressive behavior, the United States was the single largest exporter of oil, iron ore (including scrap metal) and bauxite to Japan, despite reports that those materials were being used to build and modernize Japan's military. In July 1941, finally recognizing the potential threat of Japan as an aggressor, the United States froze Japan's assets and embargoed oil shipments. Unfortunately, the damage was done. Throughout the Pacific theater, our soldiers lost their lives at the hand of a military built with American steel and aided by American natural resources."
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HRM systems in Japan and Germany, 2001.
A comparative analysis of the Human Resource Management (HRM)systems in Japan and Germany
4,390 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 20 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This essay analyzes the human resource systems in both Japan and Germany using the analytical framework put forward by Beer et al in 1984. Differences and similarities on such aspects as culture, management, labour relations and other such institutions will be investigated. Evidence for arguments and theories will be provided throughout the essay.
From the paper:
"Increased interest in international human resource management has led to the classification of its processes and influences. One particular classification or framework is that of the Map of Human Resource Territory, later adopting the name of the Harvard Model, which was designed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model is useful as it accepts that there are differing approaches to the employment relationship. Indeed Porter (1970) argues that the model has potential for comparative analysis. The Harvard model illustrates that there are a variety of "stakeholders" in an organisation including shareholders, various groups of employees, the government and the community. It recognises the legitimate interests of these various groups and that the creation of HRM strategies should recognise these interests and combine them as much possible into the strategy of the business. Indeed the Harvard model is fundamentally both prescriptive and analytical. It is important to bear in mind however that the ideas put forward by the model are arguably based on the American culture. This is important to remember when using the model as an analytical framework to compare other countries."
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A Comparative Analysis of the HRM Systems in Japan and Germany, 2001.
This paper is an in-depth examination of the human resource management systems in Japan and Germany.
4,390 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 21 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a comparative analysis of the human resource management systems used in Japan and Germany predominantly making use of the Harvard model which is included as a diagram. Areas used for comparison are extensive and include culture, laws, management philosophy, decision making and trade unions to mention but a few. A diagram of the Japanese style of HRM is also included.
From the Paper:
"Increased interest in international human resource management has led to the classification of its processes and influences. One particular classification or framework is that of the Map of Human Resource Territory, later adopting the name of the Harvard Model, which was designed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model is useful as it accepts that there are differing approaches to the employment relationship. Indeed Porter argues that the model has potential for comparative analysis. The Harvard model illustrates that there are a variety of stakeholders in an organization including shareholders, various groups of employees, the government and the community. It recognizes the legitimate interests of these various groups and that the creation of HRM strategies should recognise these interests and combine them as much possible into the strategy of the business. Indeed the Harvard model is fundamentally both prescriptive and analytical. It is important to bear in mind however that the ideas put forward by the model are arguably based on the American culture. This is important to remember when using the model as an analytical framework to compare other countries."
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Germany?s Environmental Policy after Reunification, 2004.
This paper is evaluates the integration and achievements of Germany?s environmental policy after reunification.
9,415 words (approx. 37.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, many years ago, the development of a systematic environmental policy began in Germany; but the reunification of the two German states (Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic), in 1990 created a great new challenge for German environmental policy because of the extensive environmental damage in the former GDR and because of the major economic crisis that started during this time. The author points out that the most remarkable result of increased environmental awareness was the development of an ?eco-industry,? a new manufacturing sector that develops pollution-control devices and other environmentally useful equipment. The paper concludes that the constantly changing world of politics requires innovative strategies to keep up with these changes; therefore, all available economic resources, environmental group leadership, and public environmental support, including the Green Party, should combine to overcome the obstacles created by potential economic and environmental tradeoffs.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
A Brief Review of Germany?s Environmental History
Integration of Systems and Policies
Energy and Environmental Policy
Environmental Programs and Initiatives
Methodology
Results of Study
Organizational Structure of Environmental Protection in Germany
The Environment
Germany?s Future
Economic and Political Options for Environmental Protection in Germany
Traditional Features of German Environmental Policy
Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Regulations and government actions to protect nature and human beings against environmentally hazardous activities of commercial and industrial firms have a long history in Germany. Environmental protection is anchored in private and public law, including building, public health and sanitation, and police laws. The Water Rights Act and the Factories Act set the standard for many subsequent laws. The various regulations created to prevent offensive emissions from becoming a nuisance to health and property were systematized and concentrated for the first time in the Prussian Industrial Statute of 1845."
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