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Problems of the Tax Structure in Tennessee, 2006.
A look at the proposal for a new levy on the state income tax in Tennessee.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the proposal by the governor of Tennessee, to introduce a new levy on the state income tax. According to the author, the proposed levy was to cover a short fall in revenues of the state. But, as the paper proceeds to discuss, there was a firestorm of political activity that raged as the voting public very swiftly and by every means available let their legislators know an income tax would not be appreciated. The author carries on discussing all of the political issues surrounding the taxation in Tennessee, including the budget shortfalls that became apparent when the accounts were publicized. He concludes that the state of Tennessee has a large mess on their hands and some difficult decisions to make before the final voting takes place.
From the Paper
"The Central Division runs from the Time Line to the North flowing Tennessee River 70 miles west of Nashville. This is now the largest population density area of the state and politically are a bunch of wishy-washy fence sitters that generally vote for the current hot button issue whether its Democratic or Republication. The Nashville area, including the manufacturing plants of Saturn, Nissan, to the south and all their allied industries plus a newly committed addition of several thousand jobs by the Dell Corporation in Nashville proper contribute heavily to the tax base but still remain third overall in contributions."
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Federal Income Tax Receipts and Overall Tax Rate, 2008.
An analysis of the significant relationships among the individual income tax rates and the federal income tax receipts.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates whether and how the federal income tax receipts change given the overall tax rate for individual income taxes. The paper also investigates whether the tax receipts exhibit a diminishing return as marginal tax rates increase. The paper concludes that there exists a meaningful relationship between the marginal income tax rate and the marginal income tax receipts.
Outline
Introduction
Model
Model Results
Initial Model
Alternative Model
Alternate Model End Notes
Initial and Alternative Model Results
Data Mining
Data Mining Results
Conclusion
Appendix A: Figures
Appendix B: Data Sources
From the Paper
"Now, disregarding all the statistical minutia that may or may not be relevant the author will make the following observations regarding the alternate model. This model is depicting the predictive power of the variance of the marginal individual income tax rates among all five income quintiles to the income tax receipts at the federal level. It is apparent from the model that nearly a quarter of the variation in the marginal tax receipts can be predicted through the marginal tax rate, ceteris paribus."
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Flat Tax & Tax Reform Act Of 1986, 1996.
Compares specifics, effects, benefits of 1995 Congressional flat tax proposals & 1986 tax format.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This research compares, contrasts and critiques the U.S. Congress 1995 flat tax proposals with the 1986 tax format. The research also discusses the benefits and disadvantages of each for taxpayers. The Armey-Shelby flat tax, the most well known of the flat tax proposals, is based on the supply-side economics of former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Jack F. Kemp, who co-authored the Reagan tax cuts in 1981. Most of the flat tax proposals are similar in nature. All make major changes to the current tax code, which is based on the Tax Reform Act of 1986. The flat tax propositions are the first major proposed revisions of the Tax Code since that act.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 was the first significant revision of the tax code since World War II, when the tax code was converted into a broad-based tax (Snow, 1992, p. 139). It..."
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Flat Tax and Sales Tax, 1999.
Examines pros and cons of the fairness and effectiveness of two consumption-based reforms to correct deficiences and injustices in the tax system.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 17 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper examines the potential advantages and disadvantages from a public policy standpoint of various types of consumption-based taxes which have been proposed to remedy the deficiencies of the current federal tax system. A flat tax, rigorously applied, would be far superior to the present system because it would be simpler, fairer, a more efficient way of collecting public revenues and consistent with optimizing economic growth. However, it would benefit disproportionately higher income individual taxpayers, certain property owners and business generally and impose crushing burdens on lower income and many middle income taxpayers who depend on personal services income for maintaining their way of life and who consume most of..."
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Formation and Structure of a Limited Liability Company, 2005.
An evaluation of the establishment of a limited liability of a corporation with a partnership-like tax structure.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of all aspects of limited liability companies (LLC). With the exception of corporate entities, the LLC is the only form of legal entity that lets all of its owners off the hook for business debts and other legal liabilities, such as court judgments and legal settlements obtained against the business. This paper studies the legal and tax-structures of LLCs, such as membership, capital contributions and legal precedents and trends regarding LLC tax structure. They paper pays close attention to the similarities and differences between LLCs and partnership arrangements.
Members of LLCs
Legal Challenges of International LLCs
Legal Trends
Capital Contributions
From the Paper
"In some states, professionals such as lawyers, doctors, veterinarians, architects, life insurance agents, and accountants are allowed to set up LLCs. These are designated Professional Limited Liability Companies (PLLCs) and have the same characteristics as regular LLCs. A domestic LLC is one that is formed in the state where the business is conducted. A foreign LLC is one that is formed in a state other than the one where the business is being conducted. A person would choose to form a foreign LLC because another state may have more business laws than the state where the business is being conducted."
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Team Structure, 2006.
This paper discusses the structure of an organization and recommends a team structure.
2,138 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer recommends a team structure within an organization, where employees are promoted to the position of team leader. The many benefits of the team structure are described in this paper. In describing the benefits, the writer demonstrates that the proposed structure provides for the needs of the organization. The writer describes that the structure allows for the new employees to be integrated effectively, for contract deadlines to be met, and for training to occur in an effective way where new employees can immediately contribute effectively to projects. It also provides for other needs, including providing for future human resource needs, allowing flexibility, increasing employee motivation, and providing a positive work culture. The writer concludes that this structure is effective in providing for current needs and for future needs.
Table of Contents:
Suitability of the Organization Structure
Meeting Training Needs
Planning for Future Needs
Providing for Flexibility Needs
Organizational Structure and Motivation
Promoting a Positive Work Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the critical factors in determining an appropriate organizational structure is based on the way the organization is suddenly expanding to double its current size. This creates control issues that would not be present if the expansion was gradual. Most importantly, the new employees need to be integrated effectively in a way that allows the organization to continue to operate efficiently. In addition, it is not feasible for one manager to control the integration of so many new employees. This leads to the conclusion that a second level must be added to the hierarchy. All the designers can no longer report directly to the general manager. Instead, the general manager needs to take a more strategic position and allow other staff members to control and manage processes on a daily process. The first question to be answered is how this level of hierarchy would be best implemented.
One option for the company would be to hire someone to take on the position of general manager, with the current general manager taking on a higher level CEO position. This could also be achieved by promoting someone from within to general manager."
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Tennessee 2002, 2002.
This paper discusses the issue of tax cuts the State of Tennessee faced in the year 2002.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the issue of income tax for Tennessee in recent years. The writer discusses the split in opinions about the income tax rate and the many varied views about how it should be implemented. This paper suggests a restructuring of the tax system by politicians and legislators.
From the Paper
?It is true that Tennessee in the recent years have experienced shortage in the work force, especially the well-trained work force that is the most critical factor for a sustained economic growth. Education is the single most decisive factor and a skilled and well-trained work force is essential for growth. The need for a quality research university helps to break new technological innovations, which further help, in bringing new companies and well-paying jobs. Tennesseans realize that government is an essential partner if they hope to achieve these things. The irony of the present situation is that before the State fall in the late 90's, the State was among the top earning in the union and boasted a triple A bond rating and was among the most well managed states in the union. There are concrete reasons for opposing the income tax, instead of putting more burdens by punishing the work and hard earned with income tax it makes sense to let the work but rewarding by giving some tax relief to the people.?
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Limestone in Tennessee, 2005.
This paper describes and discusses limestone rock in Tennessee.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer describes and discusses limestone rock in Tennessee. The writer looks at the location of limestone, its age and nature and the uses to which limestone is put. The writer also discusses other rocks found in Tennessee.
Introduction
Discussion
Location of Limestone in Tennessee
Dating of Tennessee Limestone
Nature of Tennessee Limestone
Uses of Tennessee Limestone
Other Rocks in Tennessee
Summary and Conclusion
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Organizational Structure, 2004.
A comparison of traditional organizational structures to other types and a look at what influences an organization's structure.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
An organization?s structure is one of the key factors in whether or not an organization is operating efficiently and effectively. Yet, it is one of the more ubiquitous facets of an organization. An organization?s structure does more than just identify the chain of command; it demonstrates the values of the organization and lays out the individual?s responsibilities for the organization?s success. This paper describes the formal, or traditional, organizational structure and how it compares with other structures. In addition, it discusses how informal culture affects formal structure, as well as the role of power and politics within an organization?s culture. Finally, this paper discusses which leadership styles are most effective for traditional and informal organizational structures.
From the Paper
"Combining divisional and functional structures is the design of a matrix structure. (Harris & Raviv, 2002) Unlike a traditional structure, the matrix structure is not typically utilized for the entire organization. Organizational members that are part of the matrix usually have a central base they function from, but have the flexibility to work with other groups or on special projects, as the organization?s needs demand."
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The Matrix Structure, 2004.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using the matrix structure to manage projects.
2,893 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the use of the matrix structure to manage projects. It commences with a brief discussion on the two extreme forms of organizational structure, namely, the functional and the project team. It then goes into the evolution of the matrix structure as a fundamental structure in project management. It also discusses the differing forms of matrices and analyzes the advantages of the matrix over the two extreme forms of organizational structure in order to identify those instances in which a particular structure should be used. It also attempts to determine how the matrix disadvantages may be overcome.
From the Paper
"The very nature of the matrix organisation promotes cost saving in terms of shared balanced use of resources to individual projects. This approach allows for greater control in scheduling and prioritising to optimise total system performance, rather than to achieve the goals of one project at the expense of others (Mantel et al 2003, p197). The project will also have access to the primary administrative units of the parent organisation, ensuring a consistency in procedures, policies, and practices. Mantel et al (2003, p197) identifies this practice as ?tending to foster project credibility in the administration of the parent organisation?."
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Infant Mortality in Tennessee, 2008.
A review of proposed legislation in Tennessee to provide home visit nurses in the hope of reducing infant mortality there.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the proposed Tennessee legislation for the Nurse Home Visitor Program, Tennessee House Bill 1892 and Senate Bill 2040. The program is designed to provide funding and structure to provide home visit nurses to aid in the reduction of the Tennessee infant mortality rate. This paper reviews the discouraging present state of affairs of infant mortality in Tennessee and the disparate effect upon White and African-American mothers. Finally the papper reviews the present state of the legislation and the fiscal impact of the program.
From the Paper
"The death of an infant child whether in utero, at birth, or within the first year of life is a tragedy that no family should endure. This is not only a traumatic event for the affected family, it affects the community at large and is a reflection of society in whole. The infant mortality rate for Tennessee in 2004 was 8.6 per thousand live born infants, nearly fifty percent higher than the national average of 6.6 ("Tennessee's Racial Disparity," 2006, p.2). This not only a fifty percent increase in the likelihood a family in Tennessee will experience the sadness of loosing an infant child, but it reflects poorly upon the state of public health in the state. The unfortunate state of affairs of public health was recognized by the Tennessee General Assembly, and a bill was introduced in February of 2007 to provide for nurse home visitations for low income, first-time mothers to provide prenatal through first year care for infants ("Bill History Section," 2007)."
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Nature amd Structure Of Business Organizations, 1999.
Examines past, present and future paradigms. Discusses bureacracy, information-based business, strategy-structure-systems management, hierarchical structure and downsizing.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The future of the business organization has been analyzed by a number of theorists in recent years as they look to the beginning of a new century and a new millennium. Many find that the organization of the future will involve less bureaucracy and more small-scale community based structures, and they find evidence of this in companies that today are developing smaller-scale structures and work units with a higher degree of autonomy than would be expected in a hierarchical organization.
From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
The future of the business organization has been analyzed by a number of theorists in recent years as they look to the beginning of a new century and a new millennium. Many find that the organization of the future will involve less bureaucracy and more small-scale community based structures, and they find evidence of this in companies that today are developing smaller-scale structures and work units with a higher degree of autonomy than would be expected in a hierarchical organization. Developing this new structure will involve shifts not only in structure but in ways of thinking about problems, opportunities, and strategies. An examination of some of the issues will lead to a consideration of what must be done to create this organization of the future."
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Class Structure of the United States, 2002.
This paper looks at the distribution of wealth between the rich and poor in the United States.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper pays special attention to the division of wealth among the different segments of the population in the United States. The author presents data to support his supposition that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The middle class, according to this author, has suffered the greatest losses over the last generation. Some of the topics discussed in this paper include how corporate greed has impacted on the distribution of wealth, what has caused the rate of poverty in America to grow at an unparalleled rate and how the tax structure affects the huge gap between 'haves and have-nots'. The author offers some suggestions to the problem and points out what economic changes need to be made in order to correct this growing problem.
From the Paper
"America today houses more rich people than ever before and the gap between the rich and poor is rising. But is it fair to resent the rich because of this? In the United States, advancement is supposedly based on merit and everyone has an equal opportunity. (Reiman) Bill Gates is so far up on the financial ladder because he seized opportunities and used his brains to get ahead. Michael Jordon developed an extraordinary skill that enabled him to make millions playing sports. These are the cases that the rich might want to showcase. But the fact remains that in the United States, opportunities are not genuinely equal. Governments need to work harder to improve public education and ensure that it is open to all. However, researchers believe that even if the government did provide equal opportunities for everyone, the inequality of power would still maintain the inequality of wealth distribution. Power is often abused to raise prices and exclude competitors. This abuse of power gave rise to antitrust laws in America, as governments sought to restrain monopolies and cartels."
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Capital Structure, 2006.
An overview of different theories of capital structure.
2,698 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of several different theories of corporate capital structure, focusing particularly on the differences between the traditionalist view of capital structure and the Modigliani-Miller view. The paper points out that there are two major differences between the traditionalist view of corporate capital structure and the Modigliani-Miller view, explaining that the first difference lay in the traditional view's contention that the value and cost of capital of a firm is interrelated to its capital structure, whereas the Modigliani-Miller view contends that they are independent of each other. The paper next explains that the second major difference is that the Modigliani-Miller view indicates a linear relationship between shareholder rate of return and firm leverage, which means that at low levels of debt the cost of equity increases faster under the Modigliani-Miller theorem than it does under the traditional View. The paper also takes a look at several other modern theories of corporate capital structure and investigates how these theories differ from the Modigliani-Miller view.
From the Paper
"Generally the capital structure of a company is much influenced by the practical influences like managerial shareholdings, corporate strategy and taxation. The investment strategy by firms necessitates managers to explore the methods of financing new investment. The managers practice three main preferences: utilization of retained earnings, borrowing through debt instruments or issue of new shares. Thus the retained earnings, debt and equity constitute the three primary ingredients of the capital structure of the firm. The first two ingredients show ownership by shareholders and the second ingredient shows ownership by means of debt holders. The financing policy, capital structure and firms ownership are inextricably linked in representing the ways the economic agents form and alter their asset acquisition behavior via firms and capital markets and impact their income levels and returns to asset holdings in the form of capital gains, dividends or direct remuneration,. (Company Financing, Capital Structure, and Ownership: A Survey and Implications for Developing Economies)"
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PepsiCo's Organizational Structure, 2008.
An analysis of the effective and efficient model of organizational structure and management within PepsiCo.
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses PepsiCo's organizational structure and describes how it has used this structure effectively in the past. It describes how their organizational structure is solid enough to manage its massive food and drink empire. It also looks at the way in which PepsiCo's organizational structure is dynamic enough to take advantage of new opportunities, such as emerging markets, resource availability and acquisitions.
From the Paper
"When it comes to physical assets there are three ways PepsiCo's dynamic structure can be of benefit. First, PepsiCo has the ability to bring their white collar job openings to where the talent is rather than recruiting employees to come to them. PepsiCo has recently taken advantage of this ability in Chicago. As Julie Johnsson and Greg Hinz (2005) write, "After losing thousands of white-collar jobs during the last recession, downtown Chicago is seeing a resurgence in brain power as big companies open splashy offices designed to attract professionals in their 20s and 30s who don't want to trek to the burbs" (p. 1). The resurgence Johnson and Hinz are talking about includes PepsiCo moving its Gatorade Sports Science Institute from Texas to Chicago. By doing this PepsiCo is taking advantage of an abundant professional workforce and underutilized, therefore affordable, office space."
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