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Privatization of Water, 2008.
Compares and contrasts two articles on the privatization of water: Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and Joshua Ortega's "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O".
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the articles "Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O" by Joshua Ortega. The writer notes that the two articles share a common theme: that the privatization of drinking water resources is harmful and dangerous. The writer discusses that authors differ, however in how they appeal to readers, the techniques employed to create common ground with their audience, the political/economic philosophy employed and solutions suggested.
From the Paper
"Ortega also uses an analogy between the oil crisis and an impending water crisis. He attempts to frighten readers that future wars over water will be far worse than today's over oil. He refers to the scandal-ridden former energy corporation Enron several times. Neither author acknowledges opposing points of view. It could be suggested that governments can regulate privatized water companies or that competition among such companies could lead to more and cheaper water - the idea behind free market capitalism.
"The authors differ in the techniques used to promote reader action. Ortega suggests a set of primarily feel good options for American consumers - all within the context of America's democratic process. The C.C. speaks to what organizations can achieve than what individuals can do."
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The Privatization of Water Resources in Bolivia, 2005.
Discusses the privatization of state-owned water companies in Bolivia as the government's solution to the extreme lack of access to water.
4,256 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
Bolivia as a nation, and more specifically, the Cochabamba Valley as a region, have had significant problems recently with the lack of access to safe water resources, exacerbated by the pervasiveness of abject poverty of both the country and the region. This paper shows that the privatization of water services has been implemented as a solution to this lack of access, but so far, these reforms have been anything but successful, especially according to the majority of Bolivians. The paper shows that the results of privatization have included extreme increases in water prices, little improvement in expansion of access and extensive political protest, some of which became violent. However, the paper explains that the alternative of re-nationalization, or returning ownership and control of water resources to the state, has both potential benefits and drawbacks of its own.
From the Paper
"The policy of the privatization of Bolivia's water resources was implemented for many economic reasons, and was intended to improve upon the water industries already in place and under the ownership and control of the government. This issue has been characteristically unique from other types of privatization policies for one reason: the necessity of water for human beings to exist. Because of this universal human need for clean, drinkable water, many Bolivians claim that access to it is a right, rather than a privilege. Yet in the midst of a complete lack of alternative sources to safe water, some people will turn to possibly unsafe sources such as rainwater, lakes, and rivers. In the past, this has caused outbreaks of serious diseases such as cholera. In Bolivia, where the problem of poverty is extremely dire and millions of people cannot afford or obtain clean, safe water, the privatization of state-owned water companies has been the government's policy solution to the extreme lack of access to water."
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Water Privatization in South America, 2005.
A comparison of water privatization in Bolivia and Argentina.
3,897 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the privatizations of water in both Bolivia and Argentina have not improved the general population's access to safe, healthy water. It looks at how to the contrary, it has harmed thousands of people in these countries, with the poorest citizens being affected by the worst of privatization's damages. It also discusses how a large number of Bolivians and Argentines are still strongly opposed to the ownership of water companies by private corporations and instead favor at least a limited government rule in their maintenance, service and regulation.
From the Paper
"The single major turning point in the anti-water privatization campaign in Argentina occurred in January of 1996, when the water from faucets in Tucuman changed from clear to very dark for a whole month, which caused many of the province's residents to participate actively in the "stop payment" grassroots political movement. The Tucuman provincial government fined Agua del Aconquija and forced it to discount that month's water bill, and even started to consider severing ties with the company due to their exorbitant tariffs, low quality service, and suspicions of corruption of Tucuman politicians throughout the process of water privatization. "
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Water Management, 2005.
This paper discusses privatization as a solution for water resource management.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Canada is one country that has been particularly blessed with an abundance of fresh water, this resource must be managed. The author points out the option of using privatization to protect water resources. The paper relates the theoretical benefits and problems of the privatization of water management.
From the Paper
"Water is a vital resource for all life. For example, Stephen Brooks and Lydia Milijan in Water Policy say, Water is essential for human life. We require water to sustain our lives, and about 83 per cent of our blood is water. Water helps digest our food, take in oxygen, transport body wastes, and control body temperature (Brooks and Milijan 2003: 262). The fact that water is so vital to life means that any country with an abundance of it will be prosperous. Canada is one country that has been particularly blessed with an abundance of fresh water."
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Toronto's Municipal Water Supply, 2002.
Looks at the issues surrounding the privatization of the municipal water supply in Toronto.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the feasibility of privatizing Toronto's water supply. It begins by defining privatization and identifying the nature and assets of Toronto's current system. Privatization and its alternatives are then considered.
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South African Water Wars, 2004.
An examination of the struggle of 'water wars' and privatization of water in South Africa.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Historically, the availability of water in South Africa has always been a problem, and this problem is mainly attributed to its geographical and climatic conditions. This paper explains that, out of the 40 million people of South Africa, 40% are deprived of the appropriate supplies of drinking water. Both urban and rural settlements are dependent on the scarce distribution of water resources by the state. It discusses how the state, on the other hand, has granted the distribution of the water supplies to a foreign company and has led to an increasing, ultimate deprivation of the water supplies for the poor, who had to choose between bread and water. It explains how this selection led to the outburst of cholera back in the year 2000, killing 300 people and infecting more than a quarter of million people.
From the Paper
"In the year 2000, Suez Lyonnaise Des Eaux, a French company, took over the majority of the water supplies in South Africa, and with this French company many other multinationals have also flown in to reap the profits like Vivendi, Saur and Biwater. It is a norm with privatization that state subsidies are reduced and the prices of the utilities goes up. The majority to suffer from the privatization reform is the general public and the poor. This is because the private companies operate under the motive of profit generation rather than the welfare of the public. This profit motive has resulted, in this case, in a four hundred percent increase in the prices of water in South Africa. Where the people who could not afford to ?buy? the water were dumped in to intense levels of poverty and the ones who could afford had to tolerate a more expensive standard of living. Poor, for whom it was even hard to live under a tin roof, were the majority of the sufferers. There were many incidents of aggression against the privatization policy and many incidents of breaking the water pipe lines for search of water. However, such aggression was conveniently dealt with force (Gleick et al., 2002)."
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The Price of Privatization, 2006.
An examination of the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom. The author reminds us that with the election of a conservative government over two decades ago, they were all for open market philosophy. Hence the start of privatization of large companies. The author talks about the first few large companies that were privatized. As a result he believes that the market is much more competitive and has produced a better quality of managers, better financial stability, and greater customer-oriented skills. He states that while other European countries are still floundering with their government controlled monopolies, the UK has proven how well privatization works for everyone. The paper also looks at the opponents of privatization who say that regulators are consistently pressed by these growing private companies. He gives an example of the private water and electricity companies that raised their prices so high that there were deaths from the winter's cold and an increase in diseases carried in the water. In conclusion, the author gives us his opinion that privatization is unacceptable, and affects the lives of so many people without a second thought.
From the Paper
"One of their main concerns is the rising threat of monopolies
taking over the companies, and even proponents of privatisation
conclude that what really matters is competition in this system. (see
Footnote 1) Cable and Wireless and British Petroleum are fine
examples of this mistrust, since they have a plethora of power and
wealth. Another concern the antiprivatisationist have voiced is the standard of the workers in these privatised companies that have
shown to diminshed."
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U.K. Utilities Privatization, 2007.
This paper analyzes the competition strategies of U.K. utilities under privatization.
9,835 words (approx. 39.3 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that competition among utilities is believed desirable because it promotes the interests of consumers and enables the competing companies to benefit fully from cost reduction and innovation. The author points out that public administration, especially of public utilities, functions as a business; therefore, the climate of competition in the U.K. utilities, which was ushered in by privatization, is tempered by sector-specific regulation. The paper relates that, for 15 years or more, almost all of the major utilities in the U.K. have been under private control and subject to these sector-specific regulations and to concurrent competition powers; however, the degree of competition varies by market.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competition Theory and Practice
Privatization of UK Utilities
Competition Act 1998
Privatization of Telecommunications
Electricity
Gas
Water and Sewerage
Railways
Airport Services
Change of Rules
Price Cap Policy
Conclusion and Perspectives
From the Paper
"When the government privatized British Gas in 1986, the program did not follow the US model on both gas and telecommunication liberalization. The reason is that BG was a vertically integrated state-owned monopoly that was unique in UK. BG was first persuaded to detach its natural monopoly network from its affiliated services that could stand competition, such that the company was divided into the monopoly and competitive parts. At first, the relationship between BG and the assigned industry regulator was turbulent because of an oversight on the government's part."
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Walkerton, Public Good and Privatization, 2002.
Eamines the tragic contamination of the municipality of Walkerton, ON's water supply in the spring of 2000.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper argues Walkerton's water contamination resulted from a neglect of 'public goods'-safe drinking water. It examines the wider consequences of declining public investment and involvement in infrastructure and the consequences of the Ontario government's neo-Conservative commitment to reducing 'public goods.'
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The Right to Adequate Water in Mexico, 2004.
This paper discusses the problem of water consumption in Mexico and the human right to water.
2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains, while the world consensus seems to be that the access to clean water is a basic human right, Mexico is facing one of the worst water situations in the industrialized world. The author points out that, because corporations are largely responsible for the problems now evident regarding water, they should also contribute to the provision of drinking water for the general population. The paper contends that government needs to refuse the attempt at privatization of water supplies; anytime this occurs, there is the risk of rising prices and monopolies occurring.
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to address the problem of water in Mexico one must have an understanding of the importance of human rights and what that means. Human rights are a basic core of existence for humans. It is the element that separates the humans from the animals. Human rights are things that are given to each human being so that they may exist and survive in basic need. Human rights are core needs and the meeting of them is something that each human being as the right to expect. Human rights include things like not being tortured, being able to eat, being treated without cruelty and the right to food and water at all times."
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Ballast Water, 2003.
This paper discusses the environmental hazard of ballast water, the water brought by various watercraft from all over the world and then discharged into the U.S. waters.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ballast water brings along plants, animals, bacteria, and pathogens that have the potential to become aquatic nuisance species (ANS). The author points out that the Clean Water Act (CWA) of the U.S. protects the waters from chemical dumping, but does not regulate ballast waters. The paper relates that only 20 percent of the people residing in the U.S. are aware of the serious threats that ballast water poses to the marine ecosystem.
Table of Contents
Inherency
Economic and Environmental Damage Occur
The Clean Water Act Does Not Fully Cover
U.S. Citizens Aren?t Aware of the Many Threats
Harms
Ballast Water and its Dangers
Bio Invasion through Ballast Water
Zebra Mussels Have Caused Damaged of over $5 Billion in the Great Lakes
Vast Majority of U.S. Marine Life Are in Danger
Various Creatures Can Survive in Ballast Tanks
Solvency
From the Paper
"One predatory fish species could seriously harm the local ecosystem. The introduction of the Zebra mussels into the Great Lakes in USA has infested over 40% of internal waterways. It has already cost the United States of America $ 5 billion, a phenomenal amount. Moreover, even after spending this amount there is no solution in sight as to how they can be eradicated or even contained."
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Water Geography, 2008.
Discusses terms related to water geography, safe water and dams.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper commences by defining eight terms related to water geography such as a water surplus is a period in time when there is enough water for plants to feed and aquatic life to thrive. The author then examines that Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), a federal law first enacted in 1974 and revised in 1996, which promotes better standards for public drinking water under the responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The third part of this paper considers the utility of dams by exploring the five primary advantages and disadvantages of dams. The author concludes that dams, as man-made structures, are neither good nor bad but rather neutral in value.
Table of Contents:
Eight Terms
Water Surplus/Deficit
Cloud Seeding
Giardiasis/Cryptosporidium
Doctrine of Prior Appropriations
Scour and Fill/Levees
Dissolved Load/Suspended Load/Bed Load
Chlorination/Trihalomethanes (THMs)
Anadromous Fish/Catadromous Fish
The Safe Drinking Water Act
Dams
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The collapse of a dam, while not often probable, is a real threat. Because of this dams require constant monitoring which can take a further toll on economic resources. Damns also redirect water, which may enable certain populations to benefit, including residents living near the dam, but may also harm the natural landscape and plant or marine life residing in the region a dam is created. While a dam may prevent flooding most of the time, it may result in the mass destruction of an entire residential area should the dam expire."
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The Value of Water, 2008.
An explanation of the importance of water in our lives.
1,311 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth explanation of the importance and value of water, providing statistics relating to parts of the world where it is scarce. It also explains the importance of recylcing and not wasting water as well as the need to keep drinking water pure.
Outline:
Water Is a Most Precious Resource
Important Facts about Water
The Increasing Value of Blue Gold or Water
The Effects of Water Scarcity
The United States and Water Scarcity
The Importance of Recycling Water and Preventing Pollution
From the Paper
"Water is invaluable to the global world and to the lives of millions of people who struggle to obtain water. Water is important to economic activities including irrigated agriculture, transportation, hydroelectric energy, and other types of industries (Ghadar, 7). Many people do not realize that over 97% of earth's water can not be used for agriculture, drinking, or other uses (Ghadar, 7). Basically, many people never stop to think about the importance of water because they live in developed countries that have access to plenty of water. What these people fail to realize is that water will become scarce in these countries if water continues to be consumer faster than it is replenished."
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Public-Private Partnerships, 2008.
This paper provides a cross-country analysis of the private sector's development in developing countries.
4,961 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the development of the private sector in various countries and its impact on poverty, with special reference to the formal private sector. The paper discusses the role of individual, small and medium enterprises working in the large informal sector as engines of development. The paper focuses on the need for a pro-poor dimension in public-private partnerships (PPPs) with lessons from certain case studies. The paper then explores the limitations of the existing PPPs for service delivery in urban areas. Finally, the paper looks at the challenges lying ahead for PPPs in the water and sanitation sector in India in terms of involving the various stakeholders at the planning stage. The paper appends explanations of indexes used.
Outline:
Part-I: Formal Private Sector & Development: An International Perspective
Part-II: The Need for a Pro-Poor Dimension to PPPs: Some Examples
Part-III: Challenges for PPPs in India's Urban Infrastructure Development
Developing Inclusive Public-Private Partnerships in the Delivery of Water and Sanitation Services
The Potential Roles of Independent and Small-Scale Service Providers in Redefined PPPs
Hindrances
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As per the FDI Confidence Index Survey conducted by A.T. Kearney in the year 2004, corporate investors now see macroeconomic and political risks as less threatening and perceive greater profit opportunities and reduced risk in the world's leading emerging markets. A fundamental shift in the outlook and perception is underway. At the turn of the century, the world is caught in powerful crosscurrents and many of the predominant trends manifest themselves in seemingly contradictory ways. For example, never before in human history has so much wealth been created so fast. Never before in human history have so many had it so good in terms of housing, food, comfort or use of new technologies. Today even in low-income countries large number of people have access to television, running water, electricity, healthy nourishment, vaccines and are better off than the middle-class of a century ago. Wealth is increasing -but so is inequality. Economic growth is rapid but poverty is persistent and misery endemic."
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Portland?s Open Drinking Water Reservoir, 2002.
This paper is written as a report about the conditions of the water in Portland?s open drinking water reservoir.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates many factors relating to open drinking water reservoirs such as water purification, toxic chemicals and testing systems. The paper shows the risks faced by Portland's reservoir which include the dumping of prescription drugs, waste from tankers and busses and the threat of radon in the drinking water. The paper suggests ways in which the Portland municipality could improve the situation through testing and legislation. It also includes maps of the area to illustrate points.
From the Paper
"While the water is safe perhaps it is not sterilized, which means that it does contain chemicals and other killer organisms. The best way to handle this situation is by protecting and regularly monitoring water from the main source so as to eliminate the possibility of potential contamination later on. To purify the water, treatment practices are used to get rid of the pathogenic organisms that are liable to enter into the water in the reservoir. Most of the water treatment techniques and technologies were actually developed several years ago to cure chloera and typhoid. These techniques are still applicable because they can still protect the public today like they have been for nearly a century. However, the new contaminants require new techniques to treat them, such as pathogens."
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