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The Privatization of Water Resources in Bolivia, 2005.
Discusses the privatization of state-owned water companies in Bolivia as the government's solution to the extreme lack of access to water.
4,256 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
Bolivia as a nation, and more specifically, the Cochabamba Valley as a region, have had significant problems recently with the lack of access to safe water resources, exacerbated by the pervasiveness of abject poverty of both the country and the region. This paper shows that the privatization of water services has been implemented as a solution to this lack of access, but so far, these reforms have been anything but successful, especially according to the majority of Bolivians. The paper shows that the results of privatization have included extreme increases in water prices, little improvement in expansion of access and extensive political protest, some of which became violent. However, the paper explains that the alternative of re-nationalization, or returning ownership and control of water resources to the state, has both potential benefits and drawbacks of its own.
From the Paper
"The policy of the privatization of Bolivia's water resources was implemented for many economic reasons, and was intended to improve upon the water industries already in place and under the ownership and control of the government. This issue has been characteristically unique from other types of privatization policies for one reason: the necessity of water for human beings to exist. Because of this universal human need for clean, drinkable water, many Bolivians claim that access to it is a right, rather than a privilege. Yet in the midst of a complete lack of alternative sources to safe water, some people will turn to possibly unsafe sources such as rainwater, lakes, and rivers. In the past, this has caused outbreaks of serious diseases such as cholera. In Bolivia, where the problem of poverty is extremely dire and millions of people cannot afford or obtain clean, safe water, the privatization of state-owned water companies has been the government's policy solution to the extreme lack of access to water."
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Privatization of Water, 2008.
Compares and contrasts two articles on the privatization of water: Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and Joshua Ortega's "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O".
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the articles "Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O" by Joshua Ortega. The writer notes that the two articles share a common theme: that the privatization of drinking water resources is harmful and dangerous. The writer discusses that authors differ, however in how they appeal to readers, the techniques employed to create common ground with their audience, the political/economic philosophy employed and solutions suggested.
From the Paper
"Ortega also uses an analogy between the oil crisis and an impending water crisis. He attempts to frighten readers that future wars over water will be far worse than today's over oil. He refers to the scandal-ridden former energy corporation Enron several times. Neither author acknowledges opposing points of view. It could be suggested that governments can regulate privatized water companies or that competition among such companies could lead to more and cheaper water - the idea behind free market capitalism.
"The authors differ in the techniques used to promote reader action. Ortega suggests a set of primarily feel good options for American consumers - all within the context of America's democratic process. The C.C. speaks to what organizations can achieve than what individuals can do."
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Water Privatization in South America, 2005.
A comparison of water privatization in Bolivia and Argentina.
3,897 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the privatizations of water in both Bolivia and Argentina have not improved the general population's access to safe, healthy water. It looks at how to the contrary, it has harmed thousands of people in these countries, with the poorest citizens being affected by the worst of privatization's damages. It also discusses how a large number of Bolivians and Argentines are still strongly opposed to the ownership of water companies by private corporations and instead favor at least a limited government rule in their maintenance, service and regulation.
From the Paper
"The single major turning point in the anti-water privatization campaign in Argentina occurred in January of 1996, when the water from faucets in Tucuman changed from clear to very dark for a whole month, which caused many of the province's residents to participate actively in the "stop payment" grassroots political movement. The Tucuman provincial government fined Agua del Aconquija and forced it to discount that month's water bill, and even started to consider severing ties with the company due to their exorbitant tariffs, low quality service, and suspicions of corruption of Tucuman politicians throughout the process of water privatization. "
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Water Management, 2005.
This paper discusses privatization as a solution for water resource management.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Canada is one country that has been particularly blessed with an abundance of fresh water, this resource must be managed. The author points out the option of using privatization to protect water resources. The paper relates the theoretical benefits and problems of the privatization of water management.
From the Paper
"Water is a vital resource for all life. For example, Stephen Brooks and Lydia Milijan in Water Policy say, Water is essential for human life. We require water to sustain our lives, and about 83 per cent of our blood is water. Water helps digest our food, take in oxygen, transport body wastes, and control body temperature (Brooks and Milijan 2003: 262). The fact that water is so vital to life means that any country with an abundance of it will be prosperous. Canada is one country that has been particularly blessed with an abundance of fresh water."
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The Price of Privatization, 2006.
An examination of the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom. The author reminds us that with the election of a conservative government over two decades ago, they were all for open market philosophy. Hence the start of privatization of large companies. The author talks about the first few large companies that were privatized. As a result he believes that the market is much more competitive and has produced a better quality of managers, better financial stability, and greater customer-oriented skills. He states that while other European countries are still floundering with their government controlled monopolies, the UK has proven how well privatization works for everyone. The paper also looks at the opponents of privatization who say that regulators are consistently pressed by these growing private companies. He gives an example of the private water and electricity companies that raised their prices so high that there were deaths from the winter's cold and an increase in diseases carried in the water. In conclusion, the author gives us his opinion that privatization is unacceptable, and affects the lives of so many people without a second thought.
From the Paper
"One of their main concerns is the rising threat of monopolies
taking over the companies, and even proponents of privatisation
conclude that what really matters is competition in this system. (see
Footnote 1) Cable and Wireless and British Petroleum are fine
examples of this mistrust, since they have a plethora of power and
wealth. Another concern the antiprivatisationist have voiced is the standard of the workers in these privatised companies that have
shown to diminshed."
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Toronto's Municipal Water Supply, 2002.
Looks at the issues surrounding the privatization of the municipal water supply in Toronto.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the feasibility of privatizing Toronto's water supply. It begins by defining privatization and identifying the nature and assets of Toronto's current system. Privatization and its alternatives are then considered.
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South African Water Wars, 2004.
An examination of the struggle of 'water wars' and privatization of water in South Africa.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Historically, the availability of water in South Africa has always been a problem, and this problem is mainly attributed to its geographical and climatic conditions. This paper explains that, out of the 40 million people of South Africa, 40% are deprived of the appropriate supplies of drinking water. Both urban and rural settlements are dependent on the scarce distribution of water resources by the state. It discusses how the state, on the other hand, has granted the distribution of the water supplies to a foreign company and has led to an increasing, ultimate deprivation of the water supplies for the poor, who had to choose between bread and water. It explains how this selection led to the outburst of cholera back in the year 2000, killing 300 people and infecting more than a quarter of million people.
From the Paper
"In the year 2000, Suez Lyonnaise Des Eaux, a French company, took over the majority of the water supplies in South Africa, and with this French company many other multinationals have also flown in to reap the profits like Vivendi, Saur and Biwater. It is a norm with privatization that state subsidies are reduced and the prices of the utilities goes up. The majority to suffer from the privatization reform is the general public and the poor. This is because the private companies operate under the motive of profit generation rather than the welfare of the public. This profit motive has resulted, in this case, in a four hundred percent increase in the prices of water in South Africa. Where the people who could not afford to ?buy? the water were dumped in to intense levels of poverty and the ones who could afford had to tolerate a more expensive standard of living. Poor, for whom it was even hard to live under a tin roof, were the majority of the sufferers. There were many incidents of aggression against the privatization policy and many incidents of breaking the water pipe lines for search of water. However, such aggression was conveniently dealt with force (Gleick et al., 2002)."
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Privatization, 2005.
A look at both sides of the privatization issue, especially with regard to the privatization of Social Security in America.
1,501 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper presents arguments both for privatization and against privatization. The paper also cites situations and examples both in America and abroad as to why or why not privatization is a good idea and why it may or may not work. The paper begins with an explanation of what is meant by privatization.
From the Paper
"Privatization is defined as the altering of a public enterprise into a private enterprise (Scott). According to a book entitled Privatization and Economic Performance, Privatization is designed to ?improve industry performance by increasing the role of market forces.? (Bishop et al) In many cases, privatization comes about after there is a problem in maintaining the financing of the public enterprise. Such is the case with the issue of social security in the United States."
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Privatization, 2003.
An analysis of privatization, or "contracting out", including the effects of privatizing social services.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The author writes this essay comparing and contrasting three works, including that of Ronal Moe, around the idea of privatization, or "contracting out." The author also expresses an opinion of the effects of privatizing social services. Although the federal government has given many of their programs to the private sector, history reveals that the idea of privatization has not always been widely accepted. Nevertheless, the "movement" seems to allow the government to cut costs, all the while, weakening their power over these programs. The writers of the three works discussed would debate these issues. Despite the private sector's efficiency, privatizing social services could have a negative effect on disadvantaged clients.
From the Paper
"There has been continued debate over the issue of the privatization of public administration. Privatization can be generally defined as "any public policy decision that involves a reliance on a private means to achieve a pubic end." In Ronald Moe's "Exploring the Limits of Privatization," he examined the need for mutual coexistence and linkage between the public and private sectors while describing the limitations of privatization from a legal perspective. In "The Privatization of Correctional Facilities," Quinlan, Thomas, and Gautreaux provided an overview of the theory and the history of correctional privatization as an introduction to detailed information for the procurement and contracting process in the area of corrections. Both of these works can be compared to that of the "State and Local Fiscal and Privatization Trends" where Chieppo, Montague, and Savas discussed the experiences of different states and their desire, or lack thereof, to privatize government agencies. These three writings are similar in content; however, there are some portions where the ideas of they contrast."
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Privatization, 2003.
A public policy critique of different views of privatization.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper critique three articles about privatization from the perspective of privatization. Topics covered by the articles are: the privatization of municipal services in large cities, the mythology of privatization in contracting for social services and the failures of privatization.
From the Paper
"The major research questions Van Slyke examines in his discussion of privatizing social services are whether and to what extent they are conducted in a context of free competition and whether the public entities in behalf of which these services are provided..."
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Airport Terminal Privatization, 1998.
Offers a comprehensive look at privatization of airport terminals in North, Central and Latin America.
3,943 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
Until recently, national governments of most countries have long been the sole owners and operators of their domestic and international airports. At present, a growing number of countries have been exploring ways to more extensively involve the private sector as a means to provide capital for development and improve the efficiency of all airport operations. This paper outlines the reasons why privatization is taking hold, how it may be financed, who is taking part in this strategy, who benefits from privatization and the time frame for privatization projects.
The paper makes use of tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Airport Terminal Operations - Past and Present
Problems
Business Foundation and Mission for Growth Expectations
Focus of Privatization
Marketing Edge
Benefits
Limitations
Where Privatization is Taking Hold
Facilitators of Change
Streamlining the Process of Changeover
Financial Objectives
Paying for the Metamorphosis
Raising Capital
Market Promotion and Acceptance
Target Market - Concessionaires
The Benefactors - Good Business Breeds More Business
Airlines and Other Service Providers
Labor and Workforce Efficiency
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The costs involved with basic ATO are relatively fixed. In government operated airports, there is generally no correlation to the potential amount of retail sales revenues, travel volume and pedestrian traffic.
Besides federal grants, other major sources of funding for airport development are passenger facility charges, bonds, and airport revenue. With FAA approval, airports can collect up to three dollars in facility fees from each traveler. In the United States, the FAA administers federal grants that are made available from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to help support capital development projects that enhance airport capacity, safety, security, and noise mitigation. Most grants are allocated on the basis of a legislated apportionment formula and set-aside categories earmarked for specific types of airports or projects. Also, the FAA also has the discretionary authority to allocate the remaining funds on the basis of needs identified by airports. With FAA approval, airports can charge facility fees from passengers as well.
Financial analysis, retail planning and economic impact studies all help to combine philosophies on what approach to take when finding the money and resources to make the plan a reality."
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Estonia and Privatization, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines Estonia's privatization program which has made the Baltic state a model for private enterprise reform.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This well researched paper details Estonia's economy as well as its program of privatization for more than 400 major enterprises which leads the Baltics in the number of wide-scale privatizations. Although Estonia is still a young and immature economy, its prospects could turn out to be far more superior than expected. The writer also discusses how Estonia's small-scale privatization and later globalization of the economy began as a part of the larger reform movement in the era of Soviet perestroika.
From the Paper
"Though it is a young, immature market economy, Estonia is still just that - a market economy. Its prospects could further turn out to be superior than is conventionally expected. Perhaps an analogy - for all of the differences - of Japan's economic miracle is relevant. Indeed, the basis is arguably in the process of being laid for an economic miracle - a chudo. The region possesses an emerging educated population with considerable skills. For the first time in over seven decades, its scientific and technical capabilities are linked to the marketplace - something heretofore impossible. A post-communist generation has emerged, eager to partake in the building of a modern industrial country."
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U.K. Utilities Privatization, 2007.
This paper analyzes the competition strategies of U.K. utilities under privatization.
9,835 words (approx. 39.3 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that competition among utilities is believed desirable because it promotes the interests of consumers and enables the competing companies to benefit fully from cost reduction and innovation. The author points out that public administration, especially of public utilities, functions as a business; therefore, the climate of competition in the U.K. utilities, which was ushered in by privatization, is tempered by sector-specific regulation. The paper relates that, for 15 years or more, almost all of the major utilities in the U.K. have been under private control and subject to these sector-specific regulations and to concurrent competition powers; however, the degree of competition varies by market.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competition Theory and Practice
Privatization of UK Utilities
Competition Act 1998
Privatization of Telecommunications
Electricity
Gas
Water and Sewerage
Railways
Airport Services
Change of Rules
Price Cap Policy
Conclusion and Perspectives
From the Paper
"When the government privatized British Gas in 1986, the program did not follow the US model on both gas and telecommunication liberalization. The reason is that BG was a vertically integrated state-owned monopoly that was unique in UK. BG was first persuaded to detach its natural monopoly network from its affiliated services that could stand competition, such that the company was divided into the monopoly and competitive parts. At first, the relationship between BG and the assigned industry regulator was turbulent because of an oversight on the government's part."
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Privatization to Reduce Taxes, 2001.
This paper examines privatization as a solution to lower government spending and to better serve citizens.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The author describes how privatization can help reduce taxes. Concerns of privatization are addressed such as cost, improving benefit to citizens, reducing paperwork and red tape within the agency, and creating job opportunities in the region. The paper also addresses the controversy surrounding privatization including debate over security federalization and efforts to privatize as well as the involvement of politics. The author finds that the issue of the success of privatization is still questionable and it depends on the government's implementation.
From the Paper
"In the past two decades increasing bureaucracy and bloated budgets have prompted some governmental groups to look for solutions to keep spending on target and to better serve citizens. One of the solutions tried numerous times and in numerous ways is the privatization of various services. Although privatization has been around in some form for centuries, it's only been in recent years that it's picked up so much popularity -- and so much controversy. From golf courses to schools, prisons to water authorities, there isn't an area that the government hasn't attempted to fix through the involvement of private companies."
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Privatization of Health Care, 2007.
This paper explores the merits and drawbacks of privatizing the Canadian health care system.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how reform of or even an alternative to the Canadian universal health care system is needed because of serious inefficiencies, such as emergency departments and family doctors who work only limited hours. The paper looks at the positive and negative aspects of privatization. The paper concludes that there are alternatives to privatization for enhancing healthcare efficiency. The paper maintains that instead of insisting that privatization is the only viable option, the solution seems to lie in the expansion of public-private partnerships.
Outline:
Introduction
Medicare and American Privatization
Positive Aspects of Privatization
Negative Aspects of Privatization
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Privatization is regarded by critics as a commercial and destructive takeover of Canada's valued health care system. The US model of care is privatized but has proven to be both very costly and inefficient. There are both positive and negative aspects to privatization, and the central problems appear to be associated with control and motive. On the other hand, as ideal as it may appear, the Canadian universal health care system has been marked for years by problems between the federal government and the ten provinces related to financing and delivery (Editors, 2000). The topic of privatization was chosen because the debate has surfaced again in the past decade. The US model may be inefficient and costly, but medicare is not merely similar but is dividing federal and provincial governments. According to Lewis and Donaldson (2001, p. 926), "a decade of turbulence has transformed Medicare from icon of Canadian values and organizational know-how to an apparent state of crisis"."
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