| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PRIVATIZATION INSTRUMENT SOCIAL STRATIFICATION EXCLUSION": |
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Privatization as an Instrument for Social Re-Stratification and Exclusion, 2002.
A discussion of the transition from planned to market economy and the structural changes in social as well as in the economic life it imposes.
3,171 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 6 sources, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that distribution of state assets in post-communist societies repeated already established stratification system by using two types of privilege among the groups:
1) either imposing power due to the occupational position, or
2) manipulation of informational resources among interest groups.
From the Paper
"Definition of social stratification system in industrial or post-industrial society is much more complicated than in socialist societies. Usually stratification refers to inequalities among people concerning different aspects: 1) distribution of goods, 2) power relations, 3) mobility possibilities etc. ?The study of social stratification is the study of how different groupings or strata relate to one another. One group may own and enjoy more economic resources than another, or it may be held in higher esteem, or it may be in a position to order other groups around? (P. Saunders, 1990: 2). Stratification system differs in different societies even in our century. There are various patterns of relations between individuals and groups, which could be determined by cultural heritage or traditions. Despite these differences stratification system usually refers to hierarchical order of groups, which are called classes. The changes in social stratification system appear also within time perspective. If in pre-industrial societies class division was mainly due to the property rights and wealth, class position within stratification system in industrial and post-industrial societies is defined due to more than one attribute of power or wealth. ??Knowledge and education, it is said, have become more important than ownership of property or wealth per se in determining a person?s life chances? ( H. R. Kerbo, 1996: 75). From this point of view one could argue that property rights, private ownership lost its power in determining individuals position in social stratification system. Thus this argument can be very easy denied. Property in modern industrial society loses only some of the weight in determining individual?s or class?s position in stratification system, due to emerging new attributes accounting for its place in hierarchical system of a society."
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Social Stratification, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of social stratification on social development.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper examines social stratification across the broad scope of human society. The paper studies how social stratification evolves and manifests itself, a process that remains a highly contentious issue among social scientists and philosophers. Referencing ancient and modern philosophers and writers, the paper addresses the debate of whether social stratification is a natural development predicated upon the hierarchy of social order or a manifestation of certain biological realities, such as age and gender. Further, the paper discusses how social stratification affects social development and shapes social discourse, specifically when applied to certain ethnic groups. Examples cited include Cuban society and minorities in the United States.
From the Paper
"While it is apparent that a direct relationship between the division of labor in a capitalist system can be linked to the process of social stratification, Rossides argues that the connection between the division of labor and social stratification has more fundamental roots than the development of capitalism. In fact, Rossides maintains that social stratification began as far back as the development of society, form hunter-gatherer to agrarian modes of existence (Rossides, 35). During this time period-approximately 5,000 years ago-society became more unstable and, as a result, divisions in the social structure of society occurred as method for promulgating stability. Rossides is not the only author to make this observation."
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Social Stratification, 2002.
A look at the issue of social stratification in various pieces of literature and movies.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper discusses social stratification in American society, provides examples of stratification in the Oliver Stone film, JFK, and relates these kinds of stratification to those discussed in Davis' and Moore's article, "Principles of Social Stratification."
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Canadian Social Stratification, 2005.
This paper provides an overview of social stratification and looks at Canadian social classes in a capitalist context.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that even though there are Canadian laws to ensure equal social rights, social stratification does still exist. In this article, the writer points out that stratification can be found in contemporary capitalism, especially among minority groups, non-natives and women. The paper provides an overview pertaining to each of these groups and their challenges in today's society.
From the Paper
"With the laws that Canada has in place to ensure social equality, many of us would like to believe that social stratification is a thing of the past. It is not, however. Even today, our society is divided into a distinct class structure, with a dominant class' wishes frequently taking precedent over the needs of those classes "below" them. This stratification is apparent in contemporary capitalism, particularly in people belonging to minority groups, non-native Canadians, and women."
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Social Stratification and Poverty, 2005.
This paper examines the relationship of social stratification to poverty.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper employs social conflict theory and Biblical principles to explain the negative social impacts of the social stratification system in relationship to poverty.
From the Paper
"Social status is a powerful determiner of whether a person will be poor or rich. Theoretically, a person with greater intelligence higher aptitude and the diligence to study intensively and work hard should be able to earn a ..."
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Marx's Impact on Social Stratification Theories, 2001.
A look at various social stratification theories with focus on Karl Marx's philosophies
5,340 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 12 sources, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine Karl Marx?s class stratification; Max Weber?s status and political stratifications; Gerhard Lenski?s class systems? stratification; and, Edna Bonacich?s split labor market theory. Criticisms of power-conflict stratification will be discussed and examples will be provided. The author will then focus on Karl Marx's theories of class startification.
From the paper:
"People are unequal in their access to wealth, power, and prestige. In all societies, people receive different shares of what is valued and limited. This unequal distribution of the society's resources creates a system of stratification. People are grouped based on how much of the society's rewards they receive, and these groups, or strata, are arranged in a rank order, or hierarchy. Those at the top receive the most of what there is to get and those at the bottom the least. According to Leicht (2000), societies may include any number of strata, but in all cases, this system of inequality is structured. This means that stratification is not random, with groups and individuals occupying different positions by chance; rather, social institutions such as government, the economy, education, and religion operate to assure the position of various groups in the hierarchy. In addition, the system of stratification in all societies is legitimized by an ideology that justifies the resulting inequality. The pattern of stratification in a society is therefore stable for many generations."
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Social Stratification, 2004.
A look at the separation of the society into castes or classes, using India and America as examples.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how social stratification indicates a hierarchy of social groups and emphasizes social inequality. Social stratification refers to social groups, which are ranked one above another in terms of the power, prestige, and wealth that the members of the group possess. Using the caste system in India and the three-class system in America as examples, it discusses how the members of the same group share common interests, have a common identity, and share a lifestyle that is similar to some extent and which, ultimately, distinguishes them from other members of the social strata.
From the Paper
"The system of caste has historically been an Indian concept and was designed to keep different castes of groups of individuals in their designed places in society. Similarly, the class system is a modern day device for use for the same purpose. Since the caste system is an Indian invention we have to discuss it in an Indian perspective. The class system on the other hand exists in practically all modern day societies and we have taken the example of the United States to discuss the class system. The Indians use a number of languages and use the word Jat or Jati to denote a group of people who had a common language or a common religion, or had similar origin or occupations, or came from the same part of the country."
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Social Stratification, 2005.
Examines the inequality that exists in our society, with a focus on the modern American class system.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
According to Michael Hughes, social stratification is viewed as "the ranking or grading of individuals and groups into hierarchical layers," which in turn, represents structured inequality in the allocation of rewards, privileges, and resources. This paper examines the current trends of social stratification and explores whether the achievement of total equality is realistic goal for society. The paper looks at the current American class system and discusses whether the U.S. really is a 'land of opportunity' for all its citizens.
From the Paper
"By looking at Karl Marx and Max Weber's work we can begin to see the different dimensions of social stratification. Marx believed that there was a division in capitalist societies, "between those who own and control the crucial means of production, the oppressing capitalist class or the bourgeoisie, and those who have only their labor to sell, the oppressed working class or proletariat." (Hughes, 173) According to Marx these are the only two groups and the conflicting interests between the two, "provide the foundation for stratification in capitalist nations." (Hughes, 173) Weber on the other hand believed that this was a too simplistic image provided by Marx. He felt that stratification was more multidimensional than what Marx envisioned, with other divisions existing independent of the class or economic aspect."
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Sociology of the Nuclear Family and Societal Stratification, 2000.
The nuclear family is defined, its decline is discussed, and social stratification is also examined.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the nuclear family and discusses its role within society. The author also discusses how the breakdown of the nuclear family is blamed for social dysfunction. The stability and structure of society is examined in the light of the declining prevalence of the nuclear family.
From the paper:
"The nuclear family consisting of two adults, 1 male, 1 female, and children is the most common form of family in Australia according to 1996 census figures published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Talcott Parson?s cited in Jureidini & Poole, recognizes the nuclear family as the ?normal? family structure. While statistics show the nuclear family still being the most common family form in Australia they also show a decline in it?s predominance of approximately 10% over the last 20 years. It is for this reason that the functions and benefits of the nuclear family must be recognized before dysfunction alters the stability and structure of society."
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The "Bhagavad Gita" as a Method of Social Control, 2002.
An exploration of the cause and effect on social stratification in ancient Indian societies through the religious text, the "Bhagavad Gita".
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the effects of a religious text, the Bhagavad Gita, on social stratification in India. Observations are made on the way in which the book communicates with its reader and some of the literary techniques used to instill in its readers the religious ideas.
From the Paper
"The Bhagavad-Gita is widely regarded as one of the most influential and intimate glimpses into the Hindu religion. The Bhagavad-Gita is book six of a grand epic poem called the Mahabharata, which recounts a story of a war between two clans of a royal family. Specifically, the Bhagavad-Gita tells of a great warrior, Arjuna, who is hesitant to go to battle against members of his own family. Arjuna is advised by the Hindu god Krishna to overlook this obvious obstacle and fulfill his duty as a warrior. Indeed, this concentration on duty and moral code is consistent throughout the text. One might then be compelled to ask how the Bhagavad-Gita instills in its followers the moral code and values that it preaches and what sort of effect this text had on the class system in India. Upon a closer examination of the text, it becomes clear that the Bhagavad-Gita is a story meant to justify the rigid class system and maintain social stability in India through its emphasis on duty and moral code."
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Privatization, 2005.
A look at both sides of the privatization issue, especially with regard to the privatization of Social Security in America.
1,501 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper presents arguments both for privatization and against privatization. The paper also cites situations and examples both in America and abroad as to why or why not privatization is a good idea and why it may or may not work. The paper begins with an explanation of what is meant by privatization.
From the Paper
"Privatization is defined as the altering of a public enterprise into a private enterprise (Scott). According to a book entitled Privatization and Economic Performance, Privatization is designed to ?improve industry performance by increasing the role of market forces.? (Bishop et al) In many cases, privatization comes about after there is a problem in maintaining the financing of the public enterprise. Such is the case with the issue of social security in the United States."
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The Price of Privatization, 2006.
An examination of the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom. The author reminds us that with the election of a conservative government over two decades ago, they were all for open market philosophy. Hence the start of privatization of large companies. The author talks about the first few large companies that were privatized. As a result he believes that the market is much more competitive and has produced a better quality of managers, better financial stability, and greater customer-oriented skills. He states that while other European countries are still floundering with their government controlled monopolies, the UK has proven how well privatization works for everyone. The paper also looks at the opponents of privatization who say that regulators are consistently pressed by these growing private companies. He gives an example of the private water and electricity companies that raised their prices so high that there were deaths from the winter's cold and an increase in diseases carried in the water. In conclusion, the author gives us his opinion that privatization is unacceptable, and affects the lives of so many people without a second thought.
From the Paper
"One of their main concerns is the rising threat of monopolies
taking over the companies, and even proponents of privatisation
conclude that what really matters is competition in this system. (see
Footnote 1) Cable and Wireless and British Petroleum are fine
examples of this mistrust, since they have a plethora of power and
wealth. Another concern the antiprivatisationist have voiced is the standard of the workers in these privatised companies that have
shown to diminshed."
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Privatization, 2003.
An analysis of privatization, or "contracting out", including the effects of privatizing social services.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The author writes this essay comparing and contrasting three works, including that of Ronal Moe, around the idea of privatization, or "contracting out." The author also expresses an opinion of the effects of privatizing social services. Although the federal government has given many of their programs to the private sector, history reveals that the idea of privatization has not always been widely accepted. Nevertheless, the "movement" seems to allow the government to cut costs, all the while, weakening their power over these programs. The writers of the three works discussed would debate these issues. Despite the private sector's efficiency, privatizing social services could have a negative effect on disadvantaged clients.
From the Paper
"There has been continued debate over the issue of the privatization of public administration. Privatization can be generally defined as "any public policy decision that involves a reliance on a private means to achieve a pubic end." In Ronald Moe's "Exploring the Limits of Privatization," he examined the need for mutual coexistence and linkage between the public and private sectors while describing the limitations of privatization from a legal perspective. In "The Privatization of Correctional Facilities," Quinlan, Thomas, and Gautreaux provided an overview of the theory and the history of correctional privatization as an introduction to detailed information for the procurement and contracting process in the area of corrections. Both of these works can be compared to that of the "State and Local Fiscal and Privatization Trends" where Chieppo, Montague, and Savas discussed the experiences of different states and their desire, or lack thereof, to privatize government agencies. These three writings are similar in content; however, there are some portions where the ideas of they contrast."
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Privatization, 2003.
A public policy critique of different views of privatization.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper critique three articles about privatization from the perspective of privatization. Topics covered by the articles are: the privatization of municipal services in large cities, the mythology of privatization in contracting for social services and the failures of privatization.
From the Paper
"The major research questions Van Slyke examines in his discussion of privatizing social services are whether and to what extent they are conducted in a context of free competition and whether the public entities in behalf of which these services are provided..."
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Airport Terminal Privatization, 1998.
Offers a comprehensive look at privatization of airport terminals in North, Central and Latin America.
3,943 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
Until recently, national governments of most countries have long been the sole owners and operators of their domestic and international airports. At present, a growing number of countries have been exploring ways to more extensively involve the private sector as a means to provide capital for development and improve the efficiency of all airport operations. This paper outlines the reasons why privatization is taking hold, how it may be financed, who is taking part in this strategy, who benefits from privatization and the time frame for privatization projects.
The paper makes use of tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Airport Terminal Operations - Past and Present
Problems
Business Foundation and Mission for Growth Expectations
Focus of Privatization
Marketing Edge
Benefits
Limitations
Where Privatization is Taking Hold
Facilitators of Change
Streamlining the Process of Changeover
Financial Objectives
Paying for the Metamorphosis
Raising Capital
Market Promotion and Acceptance
Target Market - Concessionaires
The Benefactors - Good Business Breeds More Business
Airlines and Other Service Providers
Labor and Workforce Efficiency
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The costs involved with basic ATO are relatively fixed. In government operated airports, there is generally no correlation to the potential amount of retail sales revenues, travel volume and pedestrian traffic.
Besides federal grants, other major sources of funding for airport development are passenger facility charges, bonds, and airport revenue. With FAA approval, airports can collect up to three dollars in facility fees from each traveler. In the United States, the FAA administers federal grants that are made available from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to help support capital development projects that enhance airport capacity, safety, security, and noise mitigation. Most grants are allocated on the basis of a legislated apportionment formula and set-aside categories earmarked for specific types of airports or projects. Also, the FAA also has the discretionary authority to allocate the remaining funds on the basis of needs identified by airports. With FAA approval, airports can charge facility fees from passengers as well.
Financial analysis, retail planning and economic impact studies all help to combine philosophies on what approach to take when finding the money and resources to make the plan a reality."
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