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Private Military Corporations, 2007.
A general overview of private military corporations and presentation of a research proposal into the topic.
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and use of private military corporations (PMCs), which are private organizations that provide services that have traditionally been relegated to state defense and security forces. The paper gives a general overview of private military corporations and then discusses a potential research study which will include a qualitative review of relevant literature.
Table of Contents:
General Overview
Identification of Relevant Literature
Key Research Questions
Methodology
Timeline
From the Paper
"Another key piece of literature that will be explored is former Secretary of Defense William Cohen's remarks on his Defense Reform Initiative. Just as businesses in a variety of industries have needed to change in order to remain competitive, in 1997, it was determined that the Department of Defense also must look at changes to be more competitive. There was a realization that the once state of the art American DoD systems were now antiquated when comparing them to the business practices of the corporate world. And, for those systems that were developed specifically for the defense industry, it became clear that many never were up to the best business practices standard of private industry."
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Private Military Corporations, 2006.
A review of private military corporations (PMCs).
2,679 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at private military corporations (PMCs). PMCs are private organizations that provide services that have traditionally been relegated to state defense and security forces. The paper discusses how these for-profit organizations provide all levels of defensive services up to and including armed forces with combat training. According to the paper, other corporations, non-governmental organizations and state forces are all entities that have employed the use of PMCs.
Contents:
General Overview
Identification of Relevant Literature
Key Research Questions
Methodology
Timeline
From the Paper
"The United States has utilized PMCs for decades to augment their regular military forces, when supporting their national foreign policy as well as for security needs. Civilians from the private sector are employed in areas of active military operations. Because the use of PMCs has become more commonplace, oftentimes regular troops become dependent on the services that the PMC provides. This is feared, by some, to negatively impact American military effectiveness. However, given the current limitations to state sponsored military resources and manpower, it is highly likely that the United States will continue its extensive use of PMCs ."
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Private Military Companies, 2006.
A review of private military companies in relation to defense reform and global determinants.
6,309 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a research study of private military companies since the events of September 11, 2001.The paper further discusses the effects of 9/11 upon defense reform in the context of global factors or influence.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Present Day Private Military Company Activity
Problems with Private Military Company.
The UK's View of Hiring Private Military Companies
View From the Crown of Private Military Companies
PMCs - The Role of Private Military Companies
Determinants of PMC Growth
Market Force A Determinant
Geneva Guidelines on Defense Budgeting
UK Guidelines for Defense Reforms
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Historically, private contractors and others provided transportation and engineering needs as early as the American Revolution. In 1798 Congress passed legislation that served as guidelines for procurements of the military and the contracts were won through a bidding process with restrictions. New technologies created a demand for the private military companies as time went on. Kidwell states that: "Two overarching themes currently characterize the military management field - the process of rationalization and cyclical patterns of readiness. Rationalization refers to centralized planning (generally at a high DOD level) and systematic application of business management techniques." (nd) Cyclical patterns of readiness, according to Kidwell, refers to "the tendency- first noted by Emory Upton in the 19th century - of the US to demobilize and deemphasize military expenditures and modernization until the next conflict begins and the demand for military power is immediate. Upton referred to this phenomenon as 'chronic unpreparedness although the process more closely resembles a continuing cycle." (nd) The PMCs offer a "full range of provider, consultant, and support functions in OIF and OEF." (Kidwell, nd) DynCorp is a service company operating in 15 different industries. "
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Private Military Companies, 2005.
This paper explores the dangers of countries employing private military companies.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the ethics of the use of PMCs by national governments, particularly drawing on examples from First World nations like the United States and Great Britain. The paper claims that one of the major issues surrounding PMCs being contracted by First World nations is the lack of transparency involved in these operations. The paper explains that in First World representative democracies and republics governmental transparency is a primacy ideal of the national system. The paper discusses the use of PMCs as undermining this ideal by separating the people even farther from the foreign policy actions of leaders within the government.
From the Paper
"The use of mercenaries in warfare has been outlawed for some decades under article 47 of the Geneva Convention (Verley 20). According to that international accord, it is in no way appropriate for any nation to employ the use of paid soldiers in military campaigns. International politics has, thus, formally prohibited the existence of mercenaries, in theory at least. However, in practice, distinguishing actual mercenaries can be exceedingly difficult. Since the end of the Cold War in particular, the privatization of warfare throughout the globe has become a permanent fixture of global geopolitics (Pape et al 22). This has happened with the development of a new, private war industry, euphemistically referred to as private military companies (PMCs). National governments throughout the world, including major superpowers like the United States, routinely employ the services of PMCs."
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Women in the Military, 2006.
An analysis of the changing public and private attitudes toward women in the military.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how military brass and the rank and file are changing their views about women serving in active duty. Specifically, the paper examines how sexual assault and rape of women in the military has compromised not only the women, but the military as a whole. The author addresses measures by the military to address this issue, and conducts a discussion of the success of these initiatives. Then the author looks at the impact on military morale of these crimes -- and the increasing public attention paid to them -- as well as steps to improve the mood in the military.
From the Paper
"Traditional views of women in the military are that they stayed in the rear with the gear. Women served as nurses, cooks, and secretaries. This all changed when the military started allowing women to attend West Point, the Citadel, and other military academies which were previously the domain of men only. Women face a variety of problems overcoming sexist attitudes towards their roles in the military, verbal abuse and taunting, and rape. However, several recent trends including women's roles in the Gulf War, a museum in Texas, a memorial in Washington D. C., and soon to be released books and films about the history of women in the military, demonstrate a change in attitude towards women warriors."
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Military Healthcare, 2008.
An analysis of the issues between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), the Department of Defense (DoD), the military health system (MHS) and civilian health care providers regarding the delivery of military healthcare.
9,640 words (approx. 38.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review to study the relationship between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System (MHS), and civilian health care providers in the area of policy and utilization of management and information technology tools, which currently are adversely affecting the care of active duty military, their families and veterans. The author concludes that the governmental use of Lean and Six Sigma, specifically in the VA, MHS and DoD programs relating to healthcare provision for service members and beneficiaries has greatly expanded the capacity of these organizations to provide the required healthcare. The paper stresses that the management programs of Lean and Six Sigma offer potentials for cost savings, quality service provision and the elimination of waste in these organizations. Includes figures and tables.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Background of the Study
Statement of Thesis
Purpose of the Study
Literature Review
Department Of Defense (DoD) Task Force: On Future of Military Health Care
Systemic Obstacles Identified
DoD Findings Concerning Pharmacy Benefits and Recommended Tier Structure
Military Health System (MHS) Strategic Plan
DoD and VA Joint Strategic Plan
Military Health Systems Deployment of Electronic Dental Record
Health Information IT Systems Combined by DoD and Military Health System
Lean and Six Sigma to Improve Delivery of Government Services
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the area of improvement of efficiencies and cost-effectiveness of the military health care procurement system findings relate that that DoD obligations for medical services contracts was $1.6 billion in 1996, and that by the year 2005 this obligation had risen to $8 billion - or an increase of 412 percent. The cause for this growth in spending for service acquisition while is part attributed to recent trends and changes which includes downsizing in the civilian workforce as well as outsourcing and TRICARE benefits expansion along with attempting to meet new requirements as well as new demands."
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War Films as Military Propaganda, 2006.
This paper discusses both positive and negative depictions of the US military in films and looks at how the military has made use of some of these films as a propaganda tool.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the military's use of film as a propaganda tool. The films that examined in the paper are "Battlefield" and "The Manchurian Candidate". Other topics discussed include the Cold War and the use of ideology.
From the Paper
"Depictions of the US Military in film have varied considerably over the years. Some films portray the US Military as a negative force that is being used to repress the average citizen. Others portray the US Military in a very positive light by suggesting that they are the average citizen's last defense against hostile nations. Although both depictions can be found in films from any year there are definitely patterns in the proportions of the depictions. In certain time periods the negative depictions of the US Military will outnumber the positive ones. In other time periods the positive depictions..."
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Illegal Drugs Usage in the Military, 2006.
A discussion of the use of drugs in the U.S. military.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines drug usage in the United States military and some of the steps the military is taking to combat drugs. The paper explains that drug usage in the military is beginning to rise again and the military is attempting to combat illegal drug usage in a variety of ways. The paper then points out that the military seems to be sending the wrong message by reducing waiting times for drug tests and may be adding to the problem with these new policies. The paper also looks at how the U.S. military continues to pursue illegal drug use among its members by testing before and after enlistment and making it clear that the military has a "zero-tolerance" stand on drug abuse. The paper suggests that many soldiers do not need zero-tolerance, they need help and understanding to break their addiction.
From the Paper
"Drug use in the military is not new. World War II veterans remember taking methamphetamines to stay awake during combat, and marijuana usage was quite common during the Vietnam War. However, today the U.S. military frowns on illegal drug use, and they have taken several steps to make sure that military personnel do not take illegal drugs. Before enlistment, recruits must pass a drug test, and there is random drug testing throughout the military after enlistment. In fact, "the military randomly tests about 10 percent of personnel each month" ("Drug Use"). Unfortunately, there is still an illegal drug problem in the military, and personnel who test positive for drugs can face discharge."
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Public vs. Private Education, 2006.
A proposal for a research study regarding the benefits of private versus public education.
13,000 words (approx. 52.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 247.95
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Abstract
This paper serves as a proposal for the study of research findings on questions relating to the overall quality of public schools and private schools in America. The author has devised a research study,which is to include the collection of data from a broad spectrum of relevant sources, such as current students of public and private schools, parents and guardians of students in public and private schools, teachers and administrators from public and private schools, graduates and alumni from public and private schools, and finally the general public. The questions the research study is to focus on are: (1) Which type of school is perceived as providing the highest quality education to students? (2) Which type of school is perceived as being the best value? (3) How should public and private schools co-exist and function within our society? and (4) Which subsets of the population (current students, former students, parents of students, school staff, and others) hold which opinions? This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter summarizes the purpose of the research study and defines public and private education. The second chapter is a literature review, detailing previous research and then suggesting that this body of work is insufficient to fully address the question of public vs. private education. The third chapter presents the methodology of the author's study, including how the population sample is to be chosen, what questions are to be asked of that sample population, and how the results of this survey are to be calculated.
Outline:
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Significance of the Study
Research Questions
Assumptions and Delimitations
Definitions
Summary
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research Design
Site Setting
Population
Sample
Measurement Methods
Procedure
Ethical Considerations
Summary
List of Appendices
From the Paper
"As this first chapter has demonstrated, there is a great deal of research that must be conducted in the area of school and education. The current educational system is divided into two major subsections: private schools and public schools. Public schools are funded by taxes and regulated by the government, while private schools are independently run and funded, with different laws and regulations for each of them in every school district and state. However, it is obvious that both of these types of schools are still experiencing difficulties and have not become ideal institutions as of yet. There are many social factors which are affecting and being affected by the state of the schools, and it is important for the future of youth and society as a whole that the educational system be properly evaluated so that improvements can be made. Public schools and private schools both demonstrate some positive traits as well as some negative. In order to get a complete image of the current state of public and private schools, the opinions, experiences, and suggestions of all related populations must be taken into consideration; current students of public and private schools, former students of public and private schools, parents of students of public and private schools, staff of public and private schools, and people who do not attend, work at, or have children in school all must have input into a complete survey of the school situation."
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The U.S. Military's War on Drugs, 2006.
This paper examines the role of the U.S. military in aiding Latin American countries win the war on drugs.
2,024 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the growing cocaine and marijuana market in Latin American countries and the lack of local resources available to prevent this valuable and profitable industry from expanding even more. The writer of this paper details the U.S. military's role in aiding these countries, as well as the cost to the American people, while pondering if the American military should even be involved in drug related issues outside the U.S. The cost for the military intervention in the war on drugs continues to rise and has created entirely new perceptions about money and the military both within and outside the U.S. This paper discusses the military involvement in the war on drugs and cites the leading recipients of aid, military equipment, training and personnel. This paper also delves into a program, involving military participation, which was recently introduced in Congress, called the Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act. This act would authorized $2.3 billion over three years for military hardware, personnel, training and a small amount for alternative crop development in various Latin American countries.
From the Paper
"Even though the House and various representatives have called on military action, the Pentagon was reluctant- albeit, it finally was dragged into it. Even though the Pentagon budget continues to grow, year after year, there are still concerns that legislators who dole out the tens of millions of dollars are underestimating the total cost. In a recent report to the House and Senate armed services committees, the Department of Defense estimated that "24-hour surveillance of the U.S. 'southern fence', the border from Jacksonville, Florida, to San Diego, full interdiction capability, and C13 programs, would cost between $480.4 million and $760.5 million annually, depending on the equipment mix ." All this money without a single soldier leaving the continental U.S.- even though advisers may now be operating in the various targeted Latin American countries. All that has been publicized, and strongly so, are planes and equipment, everything from helicopters to flame throwers which are supposed to be used by the local troops."
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Military Doctrine vs. Equipment, 2004.
An analysis of whether military doctrine or equipment is more of a deciding factor in military victories.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three military situations: the German air campaign in Malta, the United States air campaign in Vietnam and the British campaign in the Falkland Islands. The paper presents details of each of these military operations and clearly shows that military doctrine is more of a deciding factor in victory than equipment.
Outline
German Air Campaign in Malta
United States Air Campaign in Vietnam
British Campaign in the Falkland Islands
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Italy declared war on the allies on June 10, 1940 and the next day saw the first air attacks on Malta. Over the next three years, no month would pass without some type of air attack. On June 12th the RAF responded with attacks on Italy from planes based on the island. With the fall of France in July 1940, Italy assumed a dominant role in the central Mediterranean. The situation for the allies in the western Mediterranean along the shipping lanes between Gibraltar and Malta became particularly tenuous with the loss of Algeria and Tunis. Because of its strategic location as a base for aircraft and naval units, in August the decision was made to reinforce Malta, in what became the first of many reinforcement and resupply efforts. Forces based on Malta were in the perfect position to raid German freighters and air transports heading south to supply Rommel and the Afrika Korps in North Africa. The remainder of 1940 saw continued sparring between the British and Italians over Malta. The German Luftwaffe has yet to arrive."
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The Private Security Industry, 2005.
This paper discusses the private security industry post 9/11.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the need for private security in critical infrastructure areas, such as nuclear power plants, water supplies, military bases and other areas essential to the nation's health and security, has increased. The author points out that private security has decrease for businesses because of the private guard's lack of authority, decrease concern post 9/11 and the economy slump after the attacks reduced the number of businesses. The paper concludes that the private security industry can never fully replace traditional policing because private security guards do not have the policing powers of traditional police persons and are not effective in many situations.
From the Paper
"The one area where security has grown after the terrorist attacks is in the number of airport screeners. However, since these screeners are no longer privatized but are government employees, they may have actually negatively impacted the growth of private security when the jobs were taken over by the government. Parfomak notes, "The TSA has subsequently reduced the screening work force to 44,000 workers, although this number of screeners is still 57% higher than in 2001.""
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Military Influence in Pakistan, 2004.
This paper discusses military influence as the establishment power in Pakistan.
3,018 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses in detail the reasons why the military has always been the most influential institution in Pakistan. The writer summarizes the factors behind the rise of the army to such influence in context with all the military and political governments that have come to power since 1947. This paper also focuses on how the military regimes have tried to maximize the army's influence in the civil domain, creating a military bureaucracy. An evaluation of the present situation is also provided with the implications it might have in the future. Finally, a limited set of recommendations are also considered for a solution to this consistent military influence in the country's politics.
Outline:
Introduction
First Direct Military Intervention
Conclusion & Recommendations
From the Paper
"Pakistan's founder Jinnah had stressed on the making of a constitution as soon as possible but his untimely death only a year later and then the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan left the Muslim League and the nation with no real leader who could pursue the Quaid's vision. Then the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly (which was formed before partition to draft a constitution) by Ghulam Mohammad resulted in Pakistan not having the rules laid down for a proper political system. In such circumstances the military establishment on its own assumed the responsibility to govern Pakistan. It might sound like a very noble deed on their part but a full and critical analysis shows the military had its own reasons for such an intervention. After the initial eleven years of wrangling between bureaucrats in politics, the military establishment has been the major power-house institution to rule Pakistan."
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Homosexuality in the U.S. Military, 2005.
Examines the policies toward homosexuals in the United States military.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Beginning with the discharge of Gotthold Fredrick Enslin from the U.S. military in 1778, this paper examines the history of homosexuality, which has emerged as one of the most salient issues within the U.S. military, as harassment, abuse, expulsion, and, in rare cases, murder, have become prevalent practices towards homosexuals. The paper examines the policies of the American government towards banning homosexuals from the military and Bill Clinton's 1993 law, which repudiated the ban that has enabled the U.S. military the legal right to exclude homosexuals from military service. The paper also looks at the issue of modesty and the the opinion of those who who feel that heterosexual soldiers might become sexual objects for homosexual soldiers if they were admitted into the military.
From the Paper
"While the military's policy necessitates that gay men remain reticent of their sexual orientation, Professor Aaron Belkin affirms that if the ban were to be lifted, very few gays would actually come out of the closet because in most cases an openly gay individual would find himself in a rather precarious situation. The malicious nature of fellow service-members is a consequence of our society's unfamiliarity with homosexuality, consequently creating a propensity for many soldiers to make presumptions based on little information. Moreover, the policy of preserving the modesty of heterosexual men is based on the prudishness of American society and more importantly a naive conviction that homosexual attraction is congruent to heterosexual attraction."
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Military Strategy, 2002.
An overview of military strategy from a civilian standpoint.
1,989 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a perspective on military strategy through review of the books ?The Soldier and the State? by Samuel Huntington and ?War and Politics? by Bernard Brodie which explain military preferences regarding decisions to go to war, when to escalate wars and how to prepare for war. It discusses the reasons for and why, the military makes decisions that are rooted in a strict code of adherence to an internal value system; a schematic designed primarily for the organizations continuity which in turn ultimately protects the state as a whole.
Outline
Overview of Military System and Preparation for War
Military Preference to go to War
Decision to Escalate Wars
What is a Military Man
Overview
From the Paper
"The JTF commander operates at the operational level and determines how he is going to accomplish the military strategic objectives, what resources are available and additional capabilities that may be required. He determines the operational objectives necessary to accomplish the mission. These decisions/plans are next transmitted to the tactical level?forces that actually do the fighting?the Army divisions, the Air Force expeditionary wings, the Navy?s carrier battle groups, and the Marine Expeditionary Forces (MEFs). This preparation commits the military to war. Once the forces are dedicated to the conflict often an unavoidable escalation occurs."
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