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Private Military Companies, 2006.
A review of private military companies in relation to defense reform and global determinants.
6,309 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a research study of private military companies since the events of September 11, 2001.The paper further discusses the effects of 9/11 upon defense reform in the context of global factors or influence.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Present Day Private Military Company Activity
Problems with Private Military Company.
The UK's View of Hiring Private Military Companies
View From the Crown of Private Military Companies
PMCs - The Role of Private Military Companies
Determinants of PMC Growth
Market Force A Determinant
Geneva Guidelines on Defense Budgeting
UK Guidelines for Defense Reforms
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Historically, private contractors and others provided transportation and engineering needs as early as the American Revolution. In 1798 Congress passed legislation that served as guidelines for procurements of the military and the contracts were won through a bidding process with restrictions. New technologies created a demand for the private military companies as time went on. Kidwell states that: "Two overarching themes currently characterize the military management field - the process of rationalization and cyclical patterns of readiness. Rationalization refers to centralized planning (generally at a high DOD level) and systematic application of business management techniques." (nd) Cyclical patterns of readiness, according to Kidwell, refers to "the tendency- first noted by Emory Upton in the 19th century - of the US to demobilize and deemphasize military expenditures and modernization until the next conflict begins and the demand for military power is immediate. Upton referred to this phenomenon as 'chronic unpreparedness although the process more closely resembles a continuing cycle." (nd) The PMCs offer a "full range of provider, consultant, and support functions in OIF and OEF." (Kidwell, nd) DynCorp is a service company operating in 15 different industries. "
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Private Military Companies, 2005.
This paper explores the dangers of countries employing private military companies.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the ethics of the use of PMCs by national governments, particularly drawing on examples from First World nations like the United States and Great Britain. The paper claims that one of the major issues surrounding PMCs being contracted by First World nations is the lack of transparency involved in these operations. The paper explains that in First World representative democracies and republics governmental transparency is a primacy ideal of the national system. The paper discusses the use of PMCs as undermining this ideal by separating the people even farther from the foreign policy actions of leaders within the government.
From the Paper
"The use of mercenaries in warfare has been outlawed for some decades under article 47 of the Geneva Convention (Verley 20). According to that international accord, it is in no way appropriate for any nation to employ the use of paid soldiers in military campaigns. International politics has, thus, formally prohibited the existence of mercenaries, in theory at least. However, in practice, distinguishing actual mercenaries can be exceedingly difficult. Since the end of the Cold War in particular, the privatization of warfare throughout the globe has become a permanent fixture of global geopolitics (Pape et al 22). This has happened with the development of a new, private war industry, euphemistically referred to as private military companies (PMCs). National governments throughout the world, including major superpowers like the United States, routinely employ the services of PMCs."
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Private Military Corporations, 2007.
A general overview of private military corporations and presentation of a research proposal into the topic.
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and use of private military corporations (PMCs), which are private organizations that provide services that have traditionally been relegated to state defense and security forces. The paper gives a general overview of private military corporations and then discusses a potential research study which will include a qualitative review of relevant literature.
Table of Contents:
General Overview
Identification of Relevant Literature
Key Research Questions
Methodology
Timeline
From the Paper
"Another key piece of literature that will be explored is former Secretary of Defense William Cohen's remarks on his Defense Reform Initiative. Just as businesses in a variety of industries have needed to change in order to remain competitive, in 1997, it was determined that the Department of Defense also must look at changes to be more competitive. There was a realization that the once state of the art American DoD systems were now antiquated when comparing them to the business practices of the corporate world. And, for those systems that were developed specifically for the defense industry, it became clear that many never were up to the best business practices standard of private industry."
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Private Military Corporations, 2006.
A review of private military corporations (PMCs).
2,679 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at private military corporations (PMCs). PMCs are private organizations that provide services that have traditionally been relegated to state defense and security forces. The paper discusses how these for-profit organizations provide all levels of defensive services up to and including armed forces with combat training. According to the paper, other corporations, non-governmental organizations and state forces are all entities that have employed the use of PMCs.
Contents:
General Overview
Identification of Relevant Literature
Key Research Questions
Methodology
Timeline
From the Paper
"The United States has utilized PMCs for decades to augment their regular military forces, when supporting their national foreign policy as well as for security needs. Civilians from the private sector are employed in areas of active military operations. Because the use of PMCs has become more commonplace, oftentimes regular troops become dependent on the services that the PMC provides. This is feared, by some, to negatively impact American military effectiveness. However, given the current limitations to state sponsored military resources and manpower, it is highly likely that the United States will continue its extensive use of PMCs ."
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Sole Proprietorship and Private Limited Companies, 2005.
This paper analyzes a case study of a sole proprietor being offered the chance of becoming a part of Plumbco, Ltd., a private limited company in the U.K..
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a sole proprietorship is the simplest type of business organization in which the proprietor is the single owner of all of the assets of the business and is solely liable for all the debts and obligations of the business. The author points out that a sole proprietor chooses his working hours, is his own boss and does not have to answer to anyone but himself; but he must shoulder the entire workload by himself. The paper relates that a private limited company is a type of incorporated firm, which offers limited liability to its shareholders
but which places certain restrictions on them; joining a private limited company will help ease his workload, make more money through the overall profit and shares of the company and he would not be held
responsible for any debts but John would lose his personal touch of interacting with his customers, the accounts and tax regulations of the company becomes more complicated than a sole proprietor, which means John may have difficulty understanding the financial aspect of the business.
Table of Contents
Sole Proprietorship
Sole Proprietorship Advantages
Sole Proprietorship Disadvantages
"Plumbco, Ltd."
Private Limited Company
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion
From the Paper
"John Smith is a middle-aged man who has been running his own plumbing business successfully for the last 15 years and has built a good reputation within his community. His plumbing business has improved with each year and is doing very well. John's plumbing skills and the work he has done over the years in his neighborhood has earned him a very good reputation and helped him to build a solid client base. John is
very happy with his business and plans to hand over the business to Adam, his son, as he wants him to take over this sole proprietorship business when he decides to retire."
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Valuation of New Private Companies, 2002.
The valuation of new private companies is examined. Valuation tools (techniques) and decision-making processes are addressed in the examination.
3,521 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the valuation process for new private companies occurs in two phases. It explains that the first phase is the pricing evaluation and that the objective of this phase is to determine the initial offering price for shares in the new company. It also discusses the second phase which is the market evaluation, and how the results of this phase reflect the actual worth of the new company based on the market?s response to the company?s initial public offering (IPO). IPOs are equity stock issues when a corporation first initiates public trading of its shares.
From the Paper
"With respect to market pricing mechanisms, the valuation analysis must provide answers to three questions. First, which market multiples are used by the comparable firms for pricing? "Most consistently profitable companies tend to price off their P/E or price-to-cash-flow ratios, while unprofitable or unpredictable firms tend to price off book value" (Bielinski, 1990, p. 65). Second, are any unique expectations or circumstances reflected in how the market prices each comparable firm? Factors such as "aggressive growth expectations, depression due to recent poor performance or a host of special circumstances (takeover rumors, pending litigation, valuable real estate holdings, a new patent application, an approaching retirement) can skew a stock?s price and weaken comparability" (Bielinski, 1990, p. 65). Third, how do the current stock prices of each comparable firm compare to their historic prices? Do "the current specific multiples and general market multiples fall near the high or low end of their historical ranges, and do they continue or reverse a trend" (Bielinski, 1990, p. 65)?"
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Valuation Of New Private Companies, 2002.
Examines valuation tools (techniques) and the decision-making process.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 24 sources, $ 119.95
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Abstract
Examines valuation tools (techniques) and the decision-making process. The two phases of the valuation process: pricing & market evaluations. Market's response to company's initial public offering (IPO). Pricing of an IPO. Background information on IPOs. Various decision-making models; Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Effects of institutional investors.
From the Paper
"VALUATION OF NEW PRIVATE COMPANIES
Introduction
The valuation of new private companies is examined. Valuation tools (techniques) and decision-making processes are addressed in the examination.
The valuation process for new private companies occurs in two phases. The first phase is the pricing evaluation. The objective of this phase is to determine the initial offering price for shares in the new company. The second phase is the market evaluation. The results of this phase reflect the actual worth of the new company based on the market?s response to the company?s initial public offering (IPO). IPOs are equity stock issues when a corporation first initiates public trading of its shares."
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Privately Owned Companies, 1995.
Privately owned companies play major roles in the economy, but are not required to publish information in the same way as public companies. Details information on five such companies: Amway, Arthur Anderson and Co., Bacardi Imports, Bechtel Group and UP
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Large privately owned profit-seeking companies are major players in the U.S. economy and effect our daily lives. However, because most private companies do not readily give out information about their activities, much less is generally known about them. The analysis which follows will briefly discuss the growth and development of five such firms.
Private Companies
AMWAY CORPORATION
AMWAY CORPORATION, originally known as American Way Corporation, was founded by Richard DeVos and Jay Van Andel in 1959. DeVos and Van Andel were convinced that they could sell their own line of vitamins, detergents and other household items ..."
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Private Company Security, 2004.
This paper looks at the security director's role in private company security management system.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a description of the security director's role in private company security management system. The writer looks at the functions of the security director in addition to the development of goals and objectives. Further, the writer discusses major areas of concern in this field.
From the Paper
"A senior consultant in the business of private security has stated that even though risks will vary depending on the type of business, all companies must attempt to assess and control them. You have to look at all businesses no matter what their business is as having a risk, he stated. Charles Sennewald also notes that in the last fifty years, the business of private security has shifted from operating on the fringes of institutional existence to become a critical part of ... "
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Women in the Military, 2006.
An analysis of the changing public and private attitudes toward women in the military.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how military brass and the rank and file are changing their views about women serving in active duty. Specifically, the paper examines how sexual assault and rape of women in the military has compromised not only the women, but the military as a whole. The author addresses measures by the military to address this issue, and conducts a discussion of the success of these initiatives. Then the author looks at the impact on military morale of these crimes -- and the increasing public attention paid to them -- as well as steps to improve the mood in the military.
From the Paper
"Traditional views of women in the military are that they stayed in the rear with the gear. Women served as nurses, cooks, and secretaries. This all changed when the military started allowing women to attend West Point, the Citadel, and other military academies which were previously the domain of men only. Women face a variety of problems overcoming sexist attitudes towards their roles in the military, verbal abuse and taunting, and rape. However, several recent trends including women's roles in the Gulf War, a museum in Texas, a memorial in Washington D. C., and soon to be released books and films about the history of women in the military, demonstrate a change in attitude towards women warriors."
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Civilians in Military Operations, 2007.
Looks at the role of civilians employed by the military.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that civilians no longer are excluded from military operations. The author describes two categories of civilians: employees who are directly employed by the U.S. military and the contractors who are not directly employed. The paper reports that the increasing number of civilians involved in military operations can be attributed to deep military budget cuts, the privatization of functions that can be done outside the military and a growing reliance on contractors to maintain sophisticated weapons.
From the Paper
"The civilian employees are directly employed by the U.S. Military and in this case, the military have control over the detailed physical performance of civilian employees. Civilian employees are under the command of a military commander which supervises, controls and disciplines these civilian employees. Civilian employees sometimes work in key areas of the military such as weapons and systems maintenance, logistics and intelligence and often form an integral part of the Department of Defense."
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Military Health Care, 2008.
Looks at the debate around military health care.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the development of programs to privatize military health care, in an attempt to cut costs has created much debate for the last ten years. The writer points out that the adequacy of availability for standard care as well as combat or on duty injuries and illness care is questioned all over the nation, as many individuals claim difficulty in access and high cost as barriers to receiving even the most basic care, including follow up care for injuries sustained in the line of duty. This problem is especially troubling to families left alone while a parent is serving in combat.The paper stresses that the danger of privatization is pricing soldiers, their families and veterans out of the system with co-pays and fees that exceed their ability to pay.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Summary
From the Paper
"If such programs are cut, or if fees price these families out of the system, where they may have the coverage on paper but rarely use it because they cannot come up with co-pays and or deductibles to do so would be an even greater blow to the nation, and specifically to the millions of military families, living with very low compensatory wages, and previously guaranteed benefits, such as health care. If such care, loses it guarantee through budget cuts not only with the soldiers themselves be hurt, but their families will be further burdened."
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Military Healthcare, 2008.
An analysis of the issues between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), the Department of Defense (DoD), the military health system (MHS) and civilian health care providers regarding the delivery of military healthcare.
9,640 words (approx. 38.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review to study the relationship between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System (MHS), and civilian health care providers in the area of policy and utilization of management and information technology tools, which currently are adversely affecting the care of active duty military, their families and veterans. The author concludes that the governmental use of Lean and Six Sigma, specifically in the VA, MHS and DoD programs relating to healthcare provision for service members and beneficiaries has greatly expanded the capacity of these organizations to provide the required healthcare. The paper stresses that the management programs of Lean and Six Sigma offer potentials for cost savings, quality service provision and the elimination of waste in these organizations. Includes figures and tables.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Background of the Study
Statement of Thesis
Purpose of the Study
Literature Review
Department Of Defense (DoD) Task Force: On Future of Military Health Care
Systemic Obstacles Identified
DoD Findings Concerning Pharmacy Benefits and Recommended Tier Structure
Military Health System (MHS) Strategic Plan
DoD and VA Joint Strategic Plan
Military Health Systems Deployment of Electronic Dental Record
Health Information IT Systems Combined by DoD and Military Health System
Lean and Six Sigma to Improve Delivery of Government Services
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the area of improvement of efficiencies and cost-effectiveness of the military health care procurement system findings relate that that DoD obligations for medical services contracts was $1.6 billion in 1996, and that by the year 2005 this obligation had risen to $8 billion - or an increase of 412 percent. The cause for this growth in spending for service acquisition while is part attributed to recent trends and changes which includes downsizing in the civilian workforce as well as outsourcing and TRICARE benefits expansion along with attempting to meet new requirements as well as new demands."
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War Films as Military Propaganda, 2006.
This paper discusses both positive and negative depictions of the US military in films and looks at how the military has made use of some of these films as a propaganda tool.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the military's use of film as a propaganda tool. The films that examined in the paper are "Battlefield" and "The Manchurian Candidate". Other topics discussed include the Cold War and the use of ideology.
From the Paper
"Depictions of the US Military in film have varied considerably over the years. Some films portray the US Military as a negative force that is being used to repress the average citizen. Others portray the US Military in a very positive light by suggesting that they are the average citizen's last defense against hostile nations. Although both depictions can be found in films from any year there are definitely patterns in the proportions of the depictions. In certain time periods the negative depictions of the US Military will outnumber the positive ones. In other time periods the positive depictions..."
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Illegal Drugs Usage in the Military, 2006.
A discussion of the use of drugs in the U.S. military.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines drug usage in the United States military and some of the steps the military is taking to combat drugs. The paper explains that drug usage in the military is beginning to rise again and the military is attempting to combat illegal drug usage in a variety of ways. The paper then points out that the military seems to be sending the wrong message by reducing waiting times for drug tests and may be adding to the problem with these new policies. The paper also looks at how the U.S. military continues to pursue illegal drug use among its members by testing before and after enlistment and making it clear that the military has a "zero-tolerance" stand on drug abuse. The paper suggests that many soldiers do not need zero-tolerance, they need help and understanding to break their addiction.
From the Paper
"Drug use in the military is not new. World War II veterans remember taking methamphetamines to stay awake during combat, and marijuana usage was quite common during the Vietnam War. However, today the U.S. military frowns on illegal drug use, and they have taken several steps to make sure that military personnel do not take illegal drugs. Before enlistment, recruits must pass a drug test, and there is random drug testing throughout the military after enlistment. In fact, "the military randomly tests about 10 percent of personnel each month" ("Drug Use"). Unfortunately, there is still an illegal drug problem in the military, and personnel who test positive for drugs can face discharge."
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