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Privacy Laws and Non-Profit Organizations, 2006.
This paper discusses privacy laws with relation to non-profit organizations.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that privacy laws in the United States have received little enforcement because the only regulating authority has traditionally been the Federal Trade Commission. The writer also notes that regardless of legislation that is passed in an attempt to ensure privacy exists for Americans, the laws have served as general guidelines that are interpreted and possibly followed by business entities. Further the writer discusses that when non-profit organizations are considered there is little regulation and in some cases no regulation to control the gathering of personal information retrieved to solicit financial gain.
From the Paper
"This is a reflection of the freedoms that have been afforded non-profit organizations in the country, with the public often being unaware of the use of their personal information. A large factor in the issue of privacy and non-profit organizations has been the exchange of personal information."
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Privacy Laws in Canada, 2002.
Discussion of the ineffectiveness of Canadian privacy laws and policies with regard to the internet and electronic databases.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of privacy laws in Canada in the context of recent innovations in computer and communications technologies. It is argued that current legislation is antiquated and insufficient to protect citizens from government and, in particular, private sector misuse of personal information.
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Right to Privacy Law, 1999.
Examines the right to privacy, examining public access vs. public interest, as well as copyright and publication issues.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Company:
Copyright and Public Access
Public Access or Public Interest?
What is public information and what kinds of information are copyrighted? In the age of the Internet where literally millions of pages of documents are available through the use of a modem, a search engine, and a browser, this is a question that needs to be answered. Why?
From the Paper
"Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Company:
Copyright and Public Access
Public Access or Public Interest?
What is public information and what kinds of information are copyrighted? In the age of the Internet where literally millions of pages of documents are available through the use of a modem, a search engine, and a browser, this is a question that needs to be answered. Why? Because what may be legally defined as public information vis-?-vis a database, might in some way be protected under the law. It might be convenient to be able access all the names and phone numbers of out-of-town relatives from a computer desktop. But by doing so, is the letter of the law being violated in reference to our right to privacy? What information..."
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The HIPAA Privacy Law, 2006.
This paper examines the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how as a result of the enormous increase in accessibility to information with respect to personal data, including a great deal of healthcare information, the government has initiated changes in laws regarding the confidentiality of information. The paper examines the HIPAA, the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, and explains the tenets of this legislation. This includes ensuring that healthcare professionals are properly trained in HIPAA compliance and aware of the legal consequences of committing an infraction as HIPAA will, in the end, have far reaching consequences for both patient and provider.
From the Paper
"HIPAA is an acronym of the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 wherein federal legislation was formatted to ensure, through compliance, the safety and security of patient confidentiality of all health care matters as applied to the storing and transmission of patient information (Public Law 104-191, Aug. 21, 1996). The "Law" also made significant provisions to combat health insurance fraud, eases the flow of needed insurance information (HIPAA, 1996), promote the continuity of health coverage for subscribers, improve admittance to long-term care facilities for those in need. The most significant part of the Act impacting upon the healthcare profession is Section 1177: Wrongful Disclosure of Individually Identifiable Health Information and Patient Privacy Compliance. The remainder of this section will, therefore, take a closer look at the aforementioned privacy tenets."
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Law, Non-Profit Organizations, and Standards of Care, 2002.
A discussion on whether a lower standard of care is expected of non-profit organizations as compared to commercial enterprises within the legal field of tort.
3,580 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
Throughout the history of law, numerous legal claims have been brought against non-profit organizations. The legal field of tort has also seen a significant amount of non-profit organizations drawn into lawsuits. Using cases from the Commonwealth jurisdictions (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and UK), the paper shows that a lower standard of care should definitely be expected of non-profit organizations. It first lays out the arguments that reject a lower standard of care and then discards these arguments, stating that it is only practical and logical that a lower standard of care be expected.
From the Paper
"After carrying out this research essay, it is my firm opinion that a higher standard of care should definitely be expected of commercial enterprises compared with not for profit organisations. It is just and fair that this is so, as shown by the arguments set out above. Not for profit organisations generally face higher costs compared to commercial enterprises and they serve a more benevolent purpose that puts the good of society above anything else. The standard of care for non-profit organisations should be a reasonable one. It should be lower than that expected of a commercial enterprise but it cannot be so low as to defeat the aim of justice."
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 179.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Accounting Profits and Economic Profits, 2002.
An overview and comparison of the concepts of accounting profits and economic profits.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
A microeconomics paper which compares and contrasts accounting profits with economic profits and analyzes how the economist's view profits using both concepts.
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, $ 69.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Protection of Privacy, 2004.
A discussion of tort law and the protection of privacy in British law.
8,230 words (approx. 32.9 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
A consideration of the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on the development of tort law for the protection of privacy in the United Kingdom. The writer includes some of the more famous cases of tort law to explain the theory. The paper also compares the status of privacy protection in the UK with other European countries.
Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Europeanization of the United Kingdom
Freedom of Speech and Privacy in the UK Today
Trends and Initiatives
Implications for Privacy and Free Speech in the UK
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1998, the United Kingdom enacted the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), which incorporated into UK law the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, citizens in the United Kingdom enjoy the security of a web of consumer protection laws and regulations, ranging from regulations enacted by the European Union (of which the UK is a member), to directives enacted by the UK, to acts of entities such as the Scottish Parliament. This array of protections may itself pose a problem, though, since the consumer may have difficulty in ascertaining how and under which laws to obtain redress of grievances. In addition, the totality of protections still falls somewhat short of those proposed by the United Nations."
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"The Right To Privacy" by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy, 2000.
A review of the work on legal privacy claims in courts and the fate of those claims, focusing on weakness of privacy laws.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
"The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy is an introduction to the wide variety of privacy claims made by American citizens and the fate of those claims in the courts. The book is intended for a general readership, rather than for legal scholars, and it is designed as if in answer to a list of points about privacy that almost any group of Americans would produce if they were asked to name the areas of privacy in which they were most interested. The authors respond to the prevailing idea in American society that there is some kind of legal protection for privacy rights.
From the Paper
"The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy is an introduction to the wide variety of privacy claims made by American citizens and the fate of those claims in the courts. The book is intended for a general readership, rather than for legal scholars, and it is designed as if in answer to a list of points about privacy that almost any group of Americans would produce if they were asked to name the areas of privacy in which they were most interested. The authors respond to the prevailing idea in American society that there is some kind of legal protection for privacy rights. They demonstrate instead that, not only is there little explicit protection of privacy in the United States Constitution or in legislation, the laws that do exist often fail to provide the kind of protection people believe they promise. In addition, as the authors demonstrate with their..."
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Local Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of illegal immigration.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.
From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "
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