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Privacy Laws and Non-Profit Organizations, 2006.
This paper discusses privacy laws with relation to non-profit organizations.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that privacy laws in the United States have received little enforcement because the only regulating authority has traditionally been the Federal Trade Commission. The writer also notes that regardless of legislation that is passed in an attempt to ensure privacy exists for Americans, the laws have served as general guidelines that are interpreted and possibly followed by business entities. Further the writer discusses that when non-profit organizations are considered there is little regulation and in some cases no regulation to control the gathering of personal information retrieved to solicit financial gain.
From the Paper
"This is a reflection of the freedoms that have been afforded non-profit organizations in the country, with the public often being unaware of the use of their personal information. A large factor in the issue of privacy and non-profit organizations has been the exchange of personal information."
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Privacy Laws in Canada, 2002.
Discussion of the ineffectiveness of Canadian privacy laws and policies with regard to the internet and electronic databases.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of privacy laws in Canada in the context of recent innovations in computer and communications technologies. It is argued that current legislation is antiquated and insufficient to protect citizens from government and, in particular, private sector misuse of personal information.
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The HIPAA Privacy Law, 2006.
This paper examines the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how as a result of the enormous increase in accessibility to information with respect to personal data, including a great deal of healthcare information, the government has initiated changes in laws regarding the confidentiality of information. The paper examines the HIPAA, the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, and explains the tenets of this legislation. This includes ensuring that healthcare professionals are properly trained in HIPAA compliance and aware of the legal consequences of committing an infraction as HIPAA will, in the end, have far reaching consequences for both patient and provider.
From the Paper
"HIPAA is an acronym of the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 wherein federal legislation was formatted to ensure, through compliance, the safety and security of patient confidentiality of all health care matters as applied to the storing and transmission of patient information (Public Law 104-191, Aug. 21, 1996). The "Law" also made significant provisions to combat health insurance fraud, eases the flow of needed insurance information (HIPAA, 1996), promote the continuity of health coverage for subscribers, improve admittance to long-term care facilities for those in need. The most significant part of the Act impacting upon the healthcare profession is Section 1177: Wrongful Disclosure of Individually Identifiable Health Information and Patient Privacy Compliance. The remainder of this section will, therefore, take a closer look at the aforementioned privacy tenets."
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Protection of Privacy, 2004.
A discussion of tort law and the protection of privacy in British law.
8,230 words (approx. 32.9 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
A consideration of the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on the development of tort law for the protection of privacy in the United Kingdom. The writer includes some of the more famous cases of tort law to explain the theory. The paper also compares the status of privacy protection in the UK with other European countries.
Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Europeanization of the United Kingdom
Freedom of Speech and Privacy in the UK Today
Trends and Initiatives
Implications for Privacy and Free Speech in the UK
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1998, the United Kingdom enacted the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), which incorporated into UK law the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, citizens in the United Kingdom enjoy the security of a web of consumer protection laws and regulations, ranging from regulations enacted by the European Union (of which the UK is a member), to directives enacted by the UK, to acts of entities such as the Scottish Parliament. This array of protections may itself pose a problem, though, since the consumer may have difficulty in ascertaining how and under which laws to obtain redress of grievances. In addition, the totality of protections still falls somewhat short of those proposed by the United Nations."
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Computer Privacy and Government Security, 2005.
This paper analyzes the historical context of the Patriot Act and other laws regulating government access to computer data.
5,135 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough history of privacy laws, following them from the American Revolution through the McCarthy Era to the modern War on Terror. Specifically, it focuses on electronic privacy to determine the validity of Patriot Act. The paper's two sections, Historical Electronic Privacy Issues and Current Computer Privacy Laws, provide a complete spectrum of the benefits and detriments of the modern privacy laws.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Historical Electronic Privacy Issues
Current Computer Privacy Issues
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Uniform Resource Locators "point" to a specific section of information, usually a web page, at a particular machine, whereas telephone numbers reference only the machine corresponding the the number, not any particular information. Law enforcement agents can visit the URL's and recall the information that the subject viewed, but they cannot dial a telephone number and hear the suspect's discussion (Electronic Privacy Information Center). In some instances, URL's even reveal the information given by a subject."
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Workplace Privacy, 2003.
Proposes a new law called the Workplace Privacy Productivity Act to standardize workplace privacy.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a new law called The Workplace Privacy and Productivity Act to standardize workplace privacy issues rather than having the courts resolve them on a case-by-case basis. The paper discusses balancing the needs of the organization with the needs of employees.
From the Paper
"Employees and employers have long struggled to balance the needs of the organization with the personal needs of workers. As employees work longer hours they may feel entitled to use the phones provided by the employer for ..."
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Post 9-11 Security and Privacy in IT, 2005.
Examines whether privacy and security in information technology have any future after September 11, 2001. Presents an EU and non-EU perspective.
21,000 words (approx. 84.0 pages), 300 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines not only the data protection instruments but also encompasses various breaches, recognitions and provisions for the interests of national security that over-weighs/surpass dangers to individual privacy in information technology. Chapter 2 deals with the erosion of privacy rights due to Sept 11, and amounts to probably the most significant issue in recent history, as information privacy rights have been recognized for controlling the dissemination and use of data. Chapter 3 has a comprehensive analysis that everyone has the right to be protected under the law and no one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home, or correspondence. Chapter 4 studies means of private communications without the consent of the sender or receiver and deals with breaches of privacy. Chapter 5 reviews data protection instruments in EU and non-EU horizons. Chapter 6 elucidates shocking revelations against terror and a flurry of virus activity resulting in personal data of Arab males being made available to the police to protect data against the war on terrorism. Chapter 7 states the balance between privacy and security risks and suggests that privacy-invasive measures adopted have not been as effective in enhancing security as originally intended. Hence they should not be construed as rivals but rather two sides of the same coin. In Chapter 8, systematic surveillance of the citizen in both the physical and virtual worlds after September 11, 2001 is discussed in detail. In Chapter 9, the war on terrorism by the United States and its allies as well as the discussion and measures about the ways in which the world has changed is dealt with. Chapter 10 details the cooperation and mutual assistance in EU-US law enforcement, namely human trafficking, immigration, and refugees, visas, biometrics and passports, etc.
Chapter 11 addresses security concerns raised in the aftermath of the September 11 attack and interrelated issues involving the movement of people, security at the border and in the skies and various security models/gadgets as well. Chapter 12 gives details of how and why a fund was created for the compensation of victims of Sept 11. Chapter 13, last but not least, wraps up various issues discussed earlier and answers unanswered questions from the introduction.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Individual Privacy and Personal Information
3. Legal Recognition of Privacy
4. Infringements of Individual Privacy
5. Data Protection Instruments in EU and non-EU Horizons
6. Data Protection and War against Terror
7. Privacy-Security Analysis
8. Improvement in Technologies in US and in EU
9. Provisions of National Security, EU-Non EU Measures
10. Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in EU-US Law Enforcement
11. Crime and Security in the Aftermath of Sep, 11
12. September 11 Victim Compensation Fund (VCF)
13. Conclusion and Suggestions
14. Bibliography
From the Paper
"Privacy rights have always been something of a stepchild in the family of constitutional rights. Although interpreted by the courts to be one of our fundamental rights, it is not mentioned by name anywhere in the Constitution or its amendments because it is a passive right. Felt only when absent, it tends to get less attention. This is why it became the first constitutional right in the post-September 11 execution line. Whatever the case, we should all be concerned that what has happened to privacy can also happen to other rights. There is always tension in the system, but it was designed that way, and generally we do a good job of balancing the desires of the state with the liberties of the people."
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Privacy Rights and the Internet, 2003.
This paper discusses the ease of obtaining personal information on the internet and the lack of privacy rights including for inmates.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although a prisoner has limited rights, there are certain protections provided to prisoners under the law, which brings up questions in terms of the rights and protections offered prisoners with regards to their personal privacy and information, which can be easily found on the internet. The author points out that, at present, there are no laws regarding internet privacy and reviews the United States' long history of struggling with privacy issues using the cases "Roe V. Wade" (1977), "Olmstead vs. United States 277 U.S. 438" (1928) and "Katz vs. United States, 389 U.S. 347" (1967). The paper states that, because there currently are no laws concerning privacy on the internet, there should be no problem with using VeriSign as a company to introduce e-commerce to the inmates as this company's policy considers the protection of an individual's privacy of the utmost importance.
From the Paper
"There are also more complex searches that a person can perform on the internet. For a fee, several companies will offer a complete profile of a person. For example, a company called, US Search, will find anybody and offers services such as background checks, locators, criminal search, sex offender search, and department of corrections search. They also offer other information like marriage and divorce certificates. There are many of these sites. They work by compiling databases, similar to the ones that law enforcement uses to find people by social security number or license number. Another site compiles scientific data as well. Abika.com offers background searches, psychological profiles, DNA profiling, etc. In short, if it is part of the public record, it can be compiled in a database for businesses to sell."
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The Patriot Act and Privacy, 2008.
This paper discusses the Patriot Act in relation to issues of privacy.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the USA Patriot Act was introduced in response to the acts of terrorism on September 11, 2001. The writer points out that the Act included many amendments to many important statutes. The writer maintains that because the Act was passed with speed and few questions, the Act is void of significant legislative background that allows for interpretation of statutes. This paper discusses the Act and looks at a few of the claims that the Act does not allow for a system of "check and balances" that protects civil rights when such Acts are put into place.
Outline:
Abstract
A Brief History
Privacy and Surveillance Laws Affected
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Title III involved the tapping of data communication and voice communication. Required was probable cause which is a very high standard to meet. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act or ECPA deals with the accessibility of stored electronic communications such as email. ECPA deals specifically with real time dial of phone numbers with the specific intent of transmitting information. This information is not required to have probable cause. As a result no discretion by the courts exists and the court has to allow the surveillance by a certifying government agency. The information that is trying to be captured, as certified by a government attorney, need only be important for a criminal investigation that is ongoing. As a result, very little protection exists for individuals typically found in wiretapping statutes. Another Act is the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. This Act allows for electronic surveillance to be used against anyone suspected that a target, hard or soft, is of foreign intelligence or power is their goal for harm."
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Legal Issues in Internet Privacy, 2002.
This paper addresses recent concerns about Internet privacy, concentrating on legal and ethical concerns. In particular, a bill is being introduced in the Senate this spring which aims to codify in U.S. law the rights and responsibilities of information
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses recent concerns about Internet privacy, concentrating on legal and ethical concerns. In particular, a bill is being introduced in the Senate this spring which aims to codify in U.S. law the rights and responsibilities of information suppliers. In the past, the United States has taken a "hands-off" approach to regulating information, in the hopes that the industry will engage in self-regulation. Self-regulation is not advancing rapidly enough to satisfy either the Federal Trade Commission or the recent European Community Directive. The paper presents and supports the opinion that it is imperative that the United States pass legislation which will address Internet privacy issues and forestall any restrictions U.S. companies may have in dealing with Europe.
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Privacy in South Korea, 2005.
This paper is a proposal for a quantitative research analysis of privacy issues in South Korea today.
16,840 words (approx. 67.4 pages), 128 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that personal concepts of individual privacy are fundamentally different in the East from in the West, but there are certain commonalities about the human condition, which require a reasonable expectation for privacy in order for people to thrive and prosper. The author points out that, in their efforts to rebuild their economy, the South Korean government and South Korean people are drawing strength from many of the same factors. which motivated their impressive economic accomplishments over the last several decades. The paper describes a survey based on Pederson (1979) and Marshall (1974) scales as the instrument's framework and statistical analysis of the resulting data. Tables. Questionnaire.
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Study
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study and Research Questions
Theoretical Basis of the Study
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
Limitations and Assumptions
Review of the Literature
Introduction
General Concepts of Privacy
The Legal Tradition
Cultural Theorists
Privacy and Korean Culture
Background of Culture and Sense of Community
Attitudes towards Privacy
Current Privacy Theory and Technology
Attitudes towards Privacy
South Korean Government, Technology and Privacy
Privacy Indicators
Privacy in the Family
Privacy in the Workplace
Chapter Summary
Methodology
Introduction
Research Steps
Nature of the Study
Case Study Methodology and Research Approach
Ethical Procedures
From the Paper
"Two general but major theoretical orientations provide the basic foundation for the present investigation. These guide the cultural and philosophical theories that are described in detail in the following chapter. The first relates to cultural theory in general; the second pertains to personal privacy. With regard to culture, it can be said in the most general terms that culture is the most basic determinant of the wants and behaviors of individuals. Culture is an important idea because it deals with the way people live and approach problem solving in a social and organizational context. Those growing up in a given society quickly learn a basic set of values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors unique to that culture. These concepts are learned through a process of socialization which involves the family, social group, school, and other institutions. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that different cultural theories continually surface as researchers learn increasingly more about culture and society. New perspectives give rise to new theoretical bases for assessing culture. Many early anthropologists conceived of culture as a collection of traits. Characteristics and behaviors were spread from one society to another. However, critics of this approach pointed out that the theory failed to explain why certain traits spread and others do not."
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Privacy Protection Policies in Health Care, 2008.
A case study analysis of the United States Privacy Act and its subsequent revisions and the Healthcare Information Privacy Protection Act (HIPPA).
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study relating to privacy issues in the medical and healthcare field. It aims to design an executive level privacy protection policy and considers both the legal regulations applicable to a company's privacy issues and the company's particular privacy needs. The paper specifically examines the application of the United States Privacy Act and its subsequent revisions and the Healthcare Information Privacy Protection Act (HIPPA).
From the Paper
"Clearly, the Privacy Act, originally intended to apply only to government agencies, now applies to such non-governmental entities as the healthcare system and commercial businesses. What can be concluded from this expansion of the Act's jurisdiction is that, because of the Act, individuals now have an expectation of personal privacy. In order to ensure this expectation is met, all customer-related organizations must take steps, per the Privacy Act, to protect an individual's personal privacy. (Douglas-Steward: 2001)."
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Privacy, 2002.
A research study into the human need for privacy.
1,794 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the topic of privacy as it directly relates to a sense of well being and control. The paper focuses on a supportive physical environment, which has been proven to contribute to a successful social, private and work life and privacy is a key factor in creating a positive environmental setting. Included is a look at the need for privacy both in the home and work environments.
Contents:
The Human Need for Privacy
Why We Need Privacy
Desire for Privacy
Privacy in the Home
Privacy in the Workplace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Privacy is something that all human beings want and need. Humans seek privacy to prevent others from seeing and knowing everything that they do and feel. Whether at home or work, people require some sort of shield of privacy to freely to pursue his or her projects or cultivate intimate social relationships. If this privacy is not provided, the effects are negative and people may become reclusive or unproductive."
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"The Right To Privacy" by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy, 2000.
A review of the work on legal privacy claims in courts and the fate of those claims, focusing on weakness of privacy laws.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
"The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy is an introduction to the wide variety of privacy claims made by American citizens and the fate of those claims in the courts. The book is intended for a general readership, rather than for legal scholars, and it is designed as if in answer to a list of points about privacy that almost any group of Americans would produce if they were asked to name the areas of privacy in which they were most interested. The authors respond to the prevailing idea in American society that there is some kind of legal protection for privacy rights.
From the Paper
"The Right to Privacy by Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy is an introduction to the wide variety of privacy claims made by American citizens and the fate of those claims in the courts. The book is intended for a general readership, rather than for legal scholars, and it is designed as if in answer to a list of points about privacy that almost any group of Americans would produce if they were asked to name the areas of privacy in which they were most interested. The authors respond to the prevailing idea in American society that there is some kind of legal protection for privacy rights. They demonstrate instead that, not only is there little explicit protection of privacy in the United States Constitution or in legislation, the laws that do exist often fail to provide the kind of protection people believe they promise. In addition, as the authors demonstrate with their..."
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Workplace Privacy, 2006.
A look at workplace privacy and whether employees really have a right to privacy in the workplace.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the fact that employees have expectations that they can communicate by phone or email without being monitored and that private offices and lockers will remain that way. The paper also discusses that, in spite of these expectations, most laws do not protect the employees' rights'; rather, they protect the right of employers to protect themselves from employee abuse.
From the Paper
"Most people believe that they have a right to privacy under the law, whether at home or on the job. For that reason, it is common for people to feel comfortable with the idea of sending personal emails or making personal phone calls while on company time. Despite these expectations, however, most employees are not entitled to complete privacy in the workplace. Rules do differ between public sector and private sector jobs, however, and workers do have some responsibilities in keeping the rights that they do have intact. Regardless of these expectations, or perhaps due to them, employees may be surprised to learn how little privacy they can expect in the workplace. Employee Expectations Employees seem to feel that they have certain rights to privacy in the workplace. They expect that they can communicate with other people freely, by phone or by email, without monitoring."
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