| Papers [1-8] of 8 | Search results on "PRIONS PRION DISEASES": |
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Prions and Prion Diseases, 2001.
A discussion of the various aspects of prions and prion diseases.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the novel mechanism of disease transmittal in prions as well as the diseases themselves (mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jacobs disease). Functions of normal prions are also discussed. The paper also examines how prions are devoid of nucleic acids, and thus carry no information other than their tertiary structure.
From the Paper
"Knockout mice survived up to their 70th week, and then they began to display signs common with brain disease, which included a loss of motor coordination. Curiously, the symptoms shown by these knockout mice were similar to those found in many cases of prion diseases."
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Prion Disease in Humans, 2005.
An overview of Mad Cow Disease and how it has benefited the medical world.
1,636 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Ever since Mad Cow Disease sparked terror in international headlines, the public has been concerned about eating beef. Mad Cow Disease is not, however, the first or only prion-caused disease. Several others, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and kuru in humans and a host of agricultural animal disorders join Mad Cow in both cause and effects, the major effect being horror. This paper argues that, while the presence on the planet of a disease that literally lays waste to human brain tissue is frightening, there are two probabilities that can be seen as reasons not to be terrified. Instead, people could be hopeful that research sparked by the publicity surrounding Mad Cow Disease will eventually bring answers to such sociologically and medically devastating diseases as Alzheimer's Disease, and other lesser known but just as deadly diseases such as Lou Gehrig's Disease. The paper shows that these two probabilities are first, that prion-caused diseases are much less prevalent than media hype would indicate and, second, that a cure or vaccination is relatively certain to be discovered in the near to medium term.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Methods
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Questions have arisen regarding why these particles are not attacked by the body's defense mechanisms, and the answer, Mahy noted, is that they are so odd, they are simply not recognized and therefore cannot be neutralized. Prions contain no nucleic acid and are therefore extremely " extremely resistant to inactivation by chemical or physical interventions that would inactivate viruses" (Mahy 1998) because there is no vector through which to deliver the 'poison'. Even more so than viruses, then, it is reasonable to wonder whether prions are, in fact, alive. And if they are not alive, then how can they infect an organism? Do they replicate like bacteria and viruses, or what?"
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Prions: Proteinaceous Infectious Particles, 2004.
A discussion of prions, the proteins that are typically expressed in brain tissue and that may exist in a normal or abnormal shape, and prion diseases.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains what prions are and how degenerative brain diseases result from abnormal prions. The paper discusses professor Stanley Prusiner's discovery of prions and pediatrician Carleton Gajdusek's contributions to this discovery, as well as the prion diseases themselves. Additionally, the paper explains the infectious nature of the prion protein and explains the progression of prion diseases and tests used to diagnosis the disease.
From the Paper
"Recent cases of Mad Cow Disease have focused the public attention on prion diseases and the small proteins that are believed to cause them. The scientific community has been slow to recognize this mechanism of disease, since prion-caused encephalopathies can demonstrate diverse symptoms, and share characteristics with other disorders, such as dementia."
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Golgi in Prion Protein Pathogenesis, 2005.
An NIH-style paper presenting information on prions, pathogenesis and potential treatments.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper is written in NIH standard format style. It details a completely novel, potential experiment in determining prion protein pathogenesis by use of the Golgi. The paper outlines the specific aims, the materials and methods, expectations, and future work in a logical order. The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not the Golgi Apparatus is instrumental in facilitating the distribution of infectious prion proteins from infected neurons. It is hypothesized that constitutive exocytosis from the Trans end of the Golgi Apparatus is a vector through which infectious prions exit an infected neuron. It is also hypothesized that chemical inhibition of exocytosis may decrease formation of pathogenic PrPSc from healthy PrPc.
The paper includes figures.
From the Paper
"Steps toward understanding the nature of these dreaded pathogens are extremely important. Many lives may depend on the development of a treatment, since it is unknown how many people may be carrying PrPSc. The death inflicted by prion illnesses is a slow, excruciating, unimaginably frightening ordeal. In addition, infectious prions are extremely resilient, able to withstand temperatures that carbonize meat, sterilizing doses of UV radiation, and standard autoclaving (4). The pathogenic PrPSc protein poses health risks to not only those who consume and work with beef, but also to physicians, nurses, and technicians who may be exposed to potentially-contaminated neurological tissue."
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Kuru Disease, 2003.
This paper discusses Kuru disease, a rare prion disease caused by cannibalism.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Kuru disease is found among natives in the eastern highlands of New Guinea who eat the brains of deceased relatives to honor them. The author points out that it is similarity to other spongiform encephalopathies, now known as prion diseases. The paper looks at the biochemical features of the disease and reviews prion diseases in general.
From the Paper
"Kuru disease is one of a family of diseases known as prion diseases because they are caused by an abnormal form of the prion PrP protein found in membranes. The family includes Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease."
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, 2007.
A research paper analyzing whether a factor besides the prion could be involved in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
2,531 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the devastating Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). It describes the initial symptoms of CJD and it progression throughout the illness. The paper then analyzes the link between CJD and the prion protein in the brain. It also looks at diagnosis of the disease. The paper then goes on to research if the fact that CJD is limited to the central nervous system and olfactory-nerve tissue could indicate that some other factor besides the prion is involved. The paper presents the research design, its challenges and results.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Research Question
Methods
Research Team
Funding
Results
Leadership Skills
Challenges
Summary
From the Paper
"Very little is known about CJD in terms of what causes the mutation of the prion protein. Whereas sporadic CJD was always marked by low incidence since the 1920s, there is currently an alarming increase in the incidence of the disease in Switzerland. The reasons for this increase need to be studied immediately. After a decade of focus on the prion protein, studies are needed to determine underlying factors that may be affecting that protein to mutate. The mechanism by which the prion can avoid the immune system needs to be studied, along with the central question of how a protein can destroy neurons. The idea that a protein can destroy is a total paradox which needs to be resolved. Other questions concern how patients might be diagnosed without the need for invasive procedures."
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), 2008.
This paper provides an overview of the rare Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), also known as spongiform transmissible encephalopathis or infectious amyloidoses, is a dementing disease that results from a prion. Specifically, it describes the definition, occurrence, onset, symptoms and fatal outcome of the disease.This paper asserts that by studying the disease as it manifests in various cases, doctors can become familiar with earlier symptoms and diagnosis, and prepare families in advance. With such preparation, families can obtain closure in advance of the inevitable outcome and reach the closure stage sooner.
From the Paper
"The case study shows that the onset of more commonly psychiatric systems associated with mental illness precludes the early diagnosis of the disease. Instead, warning factors such as neurological symptoms should also be viewed as a warning sign of the disease. This can be particularly helpful in diagnosing familial cases. A known family history of the disease can be helpful in early diagnosis and also in making decisions regarding the care of the patient.
"According to the Memory and Aging Center (2008), many tools are available today that can be helpful in diagnosing the disease more accurately. The MRI for example can accurately detect the abnormalities displayed by the disease and rule out other possibilities such as mental illness. Because of the existing behavioral and movement manifestations of the disease, this tool often requires sedation or general anesthesia in severe cases, as patients are required to be still during the examination process. FLAIR and DWI images are also useful in showing abnormalities that are caused by the disease."
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Mad Cow Disease, 2005.
An overview of the causes, treatment and prevention of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE).
1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a neuro degenerative disease in a class of diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE's). It looks at how BSE is caused by prions, which are related to several other TSE's and how it has been a major concern with the economy and human and animal health worldwide together with political policies. It also explores how testing, diagnosis and prevention of BSE and other TSE's are still under investigation.
From the Paper
"vCJD also affects humans, but differs from CJD. Symptoms include depression, mood swings, anxiety, withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, parasthesia ("pins and needles"), headaches, cold extremities, lack of coordination, loss of memory, loss of concentration, inability to talk or move, and results in death after 7-24 months, averaging 14 months.(7) It affects people ages 8-14.(7) 156 confirmed or probable cases have been reported worldwide as of April 2004. 146 of these cases were reported in Great Britain, 6 in France, and one in each Italy, Ireland, United States, and Canada. (7)Treatment for this disease includes chlorpromazine and quainacrine, but only experimentally."
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