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Price Floors As Farm Policy, 1999.
Examines definition, purpose of subsidies, effectiveness, impact on consumers and alternatives. Uses supply/demand graphs.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Examines definition, purpose of subsidies, effectiveness, impact on consumers and alternatives. .
From the Paper
"Introduction
Historically, the family farm in the United States has been considered one of the cornerstones of both the economy and the culture. The pioneers who colonized the West did so on farms and ranches, and the family farm epitomizes American values. In recent years, however, farming has increasingly been influenced by agribusiness, which consists of large corporations bringing economies of scale to huge operations. Commodity prices have fallen, and the smaller farmers are often forced to sell their assets and find other means of employment. This research considers one of the strategies used to stem this trend, price floors, and the economic ramifications of this strategy.
Price Floors
Price floors are minimum prices that the government guarantees farmers. If a ..."
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What is Wrong with Gasoline Prices?, 2006.
An in-depth research proposal regarding the price of gas prices and foreign policy.
6,041 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the price of gasoline and how we need to increase gasoline prices to prevent all our national policies from being determined by our thirst for oil. According to the paper, US foreign policy has become a hostage to ensuring adequate supplies of imported oil.
Outline:
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research and Review of the Problem
Crude Oil Prices and its Impact on Gasoline Prices
Political Impact of Higher Energy Prices
Objective of Study: To Advocate Higher Gasoline Prices Potential Benefits of Higher Energy Prices
Environmental Impact
Global Warming
Significance of the Study
Research Design & Methodology
Discussion
From the Paper
"The carbon dioxide produced by motor gasoline in 2003 was equivalent to 311 million metric tons of carbon [Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2005]. If we could achieve even 10% improvement in energy efficiency through use of lighter cars, it would save million of tons of oil and also reduce the carbon emission by 30 million tons. The 10% target is not just possible it is very realistic and even now a family car is about 25% more fuel efficient than a light truck (a term also applied to SUVs). The federal corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards set the fuel economy goals for new passenger cars at 27.5 miles per gallon (mpg). The regulations do not classify SUVs as cars but as light trucks. The light trucks only have to achieve 20.7 mpg. Even this is taken as an average of all light trucks and some SUVs operate at 12 mpg and can remain on the road legally. Some SUVs like Ford Excursions don't even qualify as light trucks and are not subject to CAFE standard."
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The Farm Service Agency, 2002.
An introduction to the Farm Service Agency, part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into the Farm Service Agency which was established in 1994, essentially as a continuation of the former Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS). It examines how the ASCS had long been administered by the Farmer's Home Administration (FmHA), a Depression-era agency which managed farm loans. It looks at how farm loan programs were created in response to well-established characteristics of agriculture-- the uncertainties of weather and other factors that influence crop prices, the need of farmers for operating loans and the tendency of farm commodities to come on the market all at one time (e.g., harvest time), with a resultant glut effect on prices.
Outline
Introduction
Overview of the Farm Service Agency
Mission of the FSA with Respect to Agriculture
Organization of the FSA
Sources of Loan Funds
Relationships to Funding Sources
Loans and Terms Offered
Purposes and Types of Loans
Example Loan Program
Amounts of Loans
Maturities of Loans
Repayment Terms
Loan Costs (Interest Rates, Fees, etc.)
Types of Loan Programs
What the Agriculture Industry Should Know about the FSA
The FSA in Oklahoma
References
From the Paper
"The FSA is organized into and administered through so-called County Offices, though each office may be responsible for several adjacent counties. Individual County Offices are staffed primarily by employees who formerly served in the ASCS. In addition, however, some offices have an Agricultural Loan Officer attached, or have regular scheduled appointment hours with a visiting Agricultural Loan Officer. The Southwest Farm Advisor (1999) online fact sheet recommends that borrowers try to work directly with the Agricultural Loan Officer, since the ex-ASCS staff members at County Offices "simply are not up to speed" on current loan procedures."
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Loss Leader Pricing, 2007.
An examination of the pricing schemes used by Wal-Mart.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the loss leader pricing scheme employed by retail businesses like Wal-Mart. It explains how this pricing scheme should be included in Wal-Mart's pricing strategies in order to increase the volume of goods sold and therefore the amount of profits realized by the company. The writer discusses how a retailer such as Wal-Mart relies mostly on economy and occasionally loss leader pricing to maintain profitability. The writer suggests that a successful retailer such as Wal-Mart must make use of a variety of pricing schemes in order to be profitable. The writer notes that Wal-Mart is a success because it sells products at low prices that people want to buy, satisfying customer's wants and needs. The writer concludes that Wal-Mart should continue using a combination of pricing strategies, to include loss leader pricing, to entice consumers to shop in their stores.
From the Paper
"I am asked if Wal-Mart should use loss leader pricing? One must consider the overall effects of such a practice as well as the company objectives in instituting such a policy. Additionally, a variety of pricing schemes and strategies must be understood as well as the intentions of such schemes. First, loss leader pricing is an aggressive pricing strategy where a retailer sells goods for less than they bought them for, attracting more consumers to their stores. The hope is that these consumers will buy other goods and more than offset the cost of the good being sold for a loss. This is a type of promotional pricing strategy which is a very effective method of pricing."
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Price Gouging, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of price gouging by oil companies.
2,151 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a detailed examination of the topic of suspected price gouging by oil companies. Using concrete recent examples of well known companies, including Exxon Mobile, the writer explores allegations of price gouging and argues that it is unfair for oil companies to take advantage of consumers when consumers have supported them for years. According to the writer, social responsibility should supercede corporate responsibility. The writer concludes that the time has come for the oil companies to recognize their social responsibilities and protect the consumers who have kept them in business since their inception. Further, the writer claims that the oil companies need to lower their prices so that the consumer can again trust the prices are fair to everyone involved. The writer includes in this paper approximately 30 pages of source copies.
Outline:
Introduction
The Problem
Current Gas Prices and Price History
Conclusion
References
Source Copies
From the Paper
"According to studies conducted with regards to gasoline refiners are getting more of a profit out of each gallon now than they were at this time a year ago. Crude producers are getting an additional 47 cents a gallon. After Katrina and the price of oil company products began to increase rapidly, Congress held a special session in which many experts and oil company representatives testified regarding the accusation of price gouging. The companies maintained their belief that it was not their work that was price gouging but it was the retailers who sold the gasoline that were participating in price gouging. Retail representatives responded that it was nonsense, pointing out that their customers would not remain loyal if they suddenly began upping the price of gasoline compared to the retailer across the street."
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Gasoline Prices and the Economy, 2004.
An overview of the changing prices of gasoline over the years and the effect on the American economy.
12,955 words (approx. 51.8 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 246.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how crude oil has proved to be one of the most versatile forms of energy and how man has used this fundamental law of energy conversation to make life easier for himself and the community at large. It explores the topic of gasoline from its refining to its conservation and, in particular, the factors affecting its ever-changing price and the economy.
Outline
Introduction
Information About Crude Oil
Refining of Crude Oil in the United States and Worldwide
Workforce in the Petroleum Industry
The History of International Petroleum Pricing
The Achnacarry Agreement
The Rise of OPEC Power in the 70?s
Effect of Oil Price Increase on the U.S. Economy
Variables Affecting the Cost of Petroleum Products
Impact of Price Increase on the U.S. Economy
Impact of Petroleum Price Increase on the World Economy
Political Influence on Price Increase
Petroleum Product Transportation and Distribution
Petroleum and the Transportation Industry
Types of Fuel Used in the Transportation Industry
Fluctuating Fuel Prices in Recent Times
Impact of Prolonged Petroleum Use on the Economy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The high cost of oil production in the U.S. would also be impacted by the price decrease as a result of the additional capacity in Iraq. The U.S. producers would become uncompetitive and may eventually have to stop production of oil in current oil and gas-producing states of Alaska, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas and Wyoming. The U.S. government may have to impose tariffs and taxes on imported oil in order to keep the local U.S. producers competitive. (Bartis, 2003) Oil exploration and distribution channels can cost billions of dollars to develop. This includes the location and identifying of oil wells, the size and capacity of the well, the type of geography of the area and the long-term potential of the oil well are all-important factors in the cost of the oil production set up for any oil well site. It takes time and effort from the identification of the oil well to the actual production of crude oil."
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"The Pricing Problem", 2002.
This paper examines the issues of pricing problems and considerations for establishing accurate pricing policies.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The term pricing problem refers to the issue of establishing accurate prices that reflect both the product offered, the availability of that particular type of product and the overall quality of the product that is being offered. Paper contains footnotes.
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Marketing And Pricing Problems, 2002.
Analyzes pricing as a major priority of the marketing mix.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Analyzes pricing as a major priority of the marketing mix. End price of the product. Issue of consumer affordability & company profits. Pricing policies of the pharmaceutical industry. AIDS medication high pricing. Drug company lobbying. Fair pricing concept. Altenative pricing strategies such as tier pricing. Role of government regarding subsidies, provision of drugs & medication to the elderly.
From the Paper
"Production, distribution, and marketing all add up to the desire for consumer acceptance of a product or service. But, within that marketing mix pricing is a major priority. The reason is simple: the product has to be worth the end price.
Pricing is a component of the marketing mix and thereby is not treated in isolation from the broad objectives?developed?which might include high return on investment or high market share (Paley 273).
The customer has to be able to afford to buy at various price points. The pricing has to be established so the company can earn a fair return on its investment in facilities, raw material, marketing expenses and other overhead."
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The Price of Gasoline, 2002.
An examination of the rising price of gasoline in an international context as well as the effect of these prices on the OPEC countries.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the price rise of gasoline in the United States as well as in other countries. The paper discusses the effect of the decision on the price of gasoline given by the OPEC countries.
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The Economy of Orwell?s ?Animal Farm?, 2002.
An economic analysis of George Orwell's satirical novel "Animal Farm".
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
George Orwell wrote ?Animal Farm? as a political satire on Soviet communism. It relates the history of Soviet communism through the events on a farm actioned by the farm animals and the human beings they interact with. This paper explores the economic perspective of this novel, specifically what economic system operated on the farm, how this economic system operated and whom the system benefitted (or placed at a disadvantage). The paper shows that by studying the novel with these parameters in mind, one can obtain a comprehensive understanding of Orwell?s opinions on the economics of communism and totalitarianism.
From the Paper
"This leads into the second question of how this economy is sustained. In the beginning, when the animals rebel against their human master and institute Old Major?s utopia (Old Major died three days after he related his idea to the animals), each animal assumes a role within the community for the betterment of their entire animal society. Snowball (one of the pigs) takes on the role of primary educator and teaches the other animals to read regardless of what kind of animal they are. Napoleon educates a group of puppies on the merits of Animalism, the new doctrine as professed by Old Major and designed to guide the actions of the inhabitants of Animal Farm. Boxer, the cart-horse uses his strength and dedicated work ethic to contribute to the flourishing of the farm, adopting as his personal creed ?I will work harder.? "
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New Deal Regulation and Farm Productivity, 2004.
This paper reviews Sally Clarke?s article, ?New Deal Regulation and the Revolution in American Farm Productivity,? which states that this regulation in the 1930s made possible the acquisition of labor-saving farm machinery.
725 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the New Deal eliminated earlier concerns and conflicts between safety and productivity. The author states that this article recognizes the roles of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) in the farmers? investment strategy and that the economic impact of government regulation interfered with market forces in ways that did not always benefit the economy of the country. The paper concludes, in terms of history, that the article shows that the past needs to be taken into account for both its successes and its failures, if things are to move forward in a significant way.
From the Paper
"Clarke makes several points to advance her argument. Firstly, she points out that high sales figures for tractors starting in World War I may be misleading, as they do not focus on the farmers who might potentially have bought tractors and did not. When calculating the relative number of farmers potentially benefiting from purchasing tractors, Clarke finds that fewer farmers in the Corn Belt than expected owned tractors in 1929. This advances the argument that economic factors led to reluctance to invest in new technology during this time. The author further reinforces the point by citing the farmers? tendency to protect assets due to the instability of commodity markets."
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Fisher Price Marketing, 1999.
Evaluates the needs for thefirm's marketing of the "ATV Explorer" toy. Examines pricing, segmentation, industry conditions and management.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This case study is a microcosm of many concepts of marketing, many of them far removed from what appears to be a simple price-point problem. That price-point problem is stated in the beginning -- a mold price for a projected toy can't be made for a budgeted price, thereby resulting in the need for a higher price ($18 versus $12). This was a strong point of departure for the Fisher-Price company, since few of its items sold for more than $5 (Diamond, 1971, 1).
From the Paper
FISHER PRICE TOYS
Introduction
This case study is a microcosm of many concepts of marketing, many of them far removed from what appears to be a simple price-point problem. That price-point problem is stated in the beginning -- a mold price for a projected toy can't be made for a budgeted price, thereby resulting in the need for a higher price ($18 versus $12). This was a strong point of departure for the Fisher-Price company, since few of its items sold for more than $5 (Diamond, 1971, 1).
Segmentation
Overall, the Fisher-Price toy company is a conservative operation that has an industry segment in the category of well manufactured, reliable ..."
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Modernizing a Tank Farm.
This paper discusses a project to modernize an existing tank farm located on a refinery premises in Singapore according to ISO 14000.
17,080 words (approx. 68.3 pages), 96 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains a project management study based on theoretical information from an extensive literature review in project management, the oil and gas industry and the laws and regulations of Singapore to select the best-practiced methods for tank farm management in the U.S. and U.K., which are suitable inferences to the requirements for tank farm management. The author points out that upgrading the tank farms is an important undertaking for any refinery wishing to improve their facilities and manage the risks of operating a highly risky industry because more stringent environmental regulations can help reduce many disasters and help companies focus their attention on areas that need improvements and changes. The paper stresses that every project is unique depending on the conditions that exist both within and out of the organization undertaking the project; therefore, upgrading a tank farm requires that the organization understand the final objectives of why the upgrade is essential and needed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Issue
Importance
Limitations
Definition of Terms
Assumptions
Review of Project Requirements
Creation of a Project Team for the Purpose of Modernizing the Tank
"FarmProject" Team Selection
Project Team Stages
Decision Styles and Team Leadership
Managing a Tank Farm and the Variables affecting the Management
Petroleum Storage Classification
Permit Requirements and Government Guidelines in Singapore
Problems associated with Tanks Used for Petroleum and Crude Oil Storage
Identification of the Work Scope and the Work Break Down Structure
Work Break Down Process
Planning and Scheduling
Estimation of Time, Cost and Labor
Request for Proposal Caveats, Quotations and Manner of Contract Awards
Scheduling and Milestone Achievements
Worker Performance and Productivity
Quality Control
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Singapore with a total area of 692.7 sq km is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. With well-defined trade and commerce in the region, the country has been able to rival the GDP of countries in the developed world. The Asian financial crisis of the 90's however hit the region negatively. Industries and businesses took some time in recovering from this market crash. Refineries were badly impacted due to the overcapacity that had been built into the process in anticipation of the economic boom of the 1990s in the region. The oil companies, Shell and Caltex have consolidated their operations in Singapore and many other refineries have also undertaken some form of restructuring in the region."
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Protecting the Farm Industry, 2005.
Examines the policy of protectionism in the U.S. farm industry.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This work examines reasons for protecting the farm industry in the U.S. and researches the history, as well as the origin of protectionism in the farm industry. The paper questions who is protecting the farming industry and looks at the advantages, as well as the disadvantages. The paper also examines who is gaining and who is suffering from this policy.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Historical Information
Tariff Timeline
Protectionism: The Facts
Advantages of Protectionism
Disadvantages of Protectionism
Who Gains from Protectionism
Failing Farms - Hungry People
Saving Farms - Feeding the Hungry
Summary and Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Those gaining from protectionist laws are "special interest groups" such as big corporations, unions, farmer's groups and others who have political clout and money to back their interests in seeing laws favorable for them passed. These groups intend to get away with charging higher prices and getting higher wages than could normally be expected in a free market. According to Walter Black, Senior Economist, Fraser Institute, Canada, "Protectionism is a misnomer. The only people protected by tariffs, quotas and trade restriction are those engaged in uneconomic and wasteful activity. Free trade is the only philosophy compatible with international peace and prosperity.""
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Oil Prices and the U.S. Economy, 2008.
Examines the economic effects that occur directly following rising oil prices and places those effects in their proper context.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of oil prices and the economic effects that occur directly following rising oil prices. The paper suggests that tapping large oil resources in Canada will help decrease the cost of crude oil but warns that the voracious appetite of the Chinese economy for fuel may not yet have peaked. The paper points out that regardless of the direction of oil prices it is clear that the United States is in the unenviable position of being forced to find an alternative fuel source for the future. In conclusion, the paper shows that as the leader of the global economy, American will bear the bulk of the costs associated with this effort but will hopefully reap the majority of the rewards and until that time, oil prices will continue to have a significant impact on the US economy.
Outline:
Rising Oil Prices Hurt the Consumer in a Number of Ways
The Resilient American Economy
Peaked or Transitioning Higher
From the Paper
"Just four years later, Huber's article seems less accurate than it might have been viewed at the time it was written and yet, many of the indications presented in the article can be reasonably said to have survived the economic tumult that rising oil prices have caused in the US. It is, however, difficult to assess how much of an impact the price of oil is responsible for causing to various aspects of the economy. To be sure, oil price has a measurable impact, but at what point does the terrorist attack of 2001, the corporate scandals of 2002 and the Iraq war of 2003 become simply economic footnotes rather than an influencing factor on the buying power of the American public. After all, the price of oil does not exist in an economic vacuum and yet there are some indicators that can be tied directly to the price of oil."
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