| Papers [1-15] of 37 :: [Page 1 of 3] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 —> | Search results on "PRENATAL CARE": |
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Prenatal Care, 2005.
This paper investigates if prenatal care helps reduce the incidence of premature births and infant mortality.
2,860 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that research shows that prenatal care is positively associated with improved birth outcomes including reduced incidences of premature births and infant mortality. The author points out that low birth weight is a key indicator of infant health, as low birth weight babies have much higher mortality rates. The paper relates that research also shows that, of all the environmental threats to a fetus, the most harmful clearly is smoking, which women can control.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Background and Overview
Prenatal Care and Premature Births
Prenatal Care and Infant Mortality
Constraints
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Interestingly, the geographic place of birth may also be a risk; for example, Mexican-American mothers born within the United States have higher rates of SGA than those born outside the U.S.. In fact, one of the main reasons for the inordinately high incidences of infant mortality is that birth weights are too low. According to a 1985 report from the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine, "Preventing Low Birthweight": "Low birthweight is a major determinant of infant mortality in the United States." On a positive note, during the 1990s, studies have shown that more American women sought prenatal care and refrained from smoking during pregnancy; however, the number of births to women who were not married increased, as well as the number of premature and underweight infants. A report from Child Trends and the Kids Count Special Report of the Annie E. Casey Foundation in 2001 compared how the 50 states and the 50 largest cities, including Washington, D.C., in eight categories that can provide an infant with "the right start" to life."
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Prenatal Nursing, 2002.
A review of an article which deals with the theory of caring in prenatal nursing.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This is an examination and critique of K.M. Swanson's theory of caring in prenatal nursing contexts, as developed in "Empirical Development of a Middle Range Theory for Caring".
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Maternal Disease and Prenatal Development, 2008.
A discussion of maternal diseases that affect prenatal development.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at maternal diseases and teratogens, which are substances that can cause damage to the embryo or fetus during prenatal development. The paper discusses maternal diseases, such as the German measles, HIV, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, genital herpes and gonorrhea and examines these diseases and their effects on prenatal development.
From the Paper
"The first three months of pregnancy, called the first trimester, are considered a critical period because during this period external stimuli can affect prenatal development drastically. German measles is the most widespread of the viruses that have a teratogenic effect. If a pregnant woman contracts German measles in the first three months of pregnancy, she is likely to give birth to a child with a congenital abnormality such as heart disease, cataracts, deafness, or mental retardation. The mother must be especially careful not to contract contagious diseases such as German measles. Fortunately, German measles in pregnancy is now a rare problem in the United States because most women have been vaccinated against it (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999). The vaccine prevents most but not all German measles infections during pregnancy. If a pregnant woman is not immune to German measles and catches it during the first five months of pregnancy, she usually passes the disease on to her fetus. If the fetus gets German measles during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy, the baby likely will be born with many problems (Goldenburg, 2000). The most common are eye problems, hearing problems and heart damage. If the fetus gets rubella between twelve and twenty weeks of pregnancy, problems are usually milder. If the fetus gets rubella after twenty weeks of pregnancy, there are usually no problems. There is no treatment for the German measles infection. The damage that happens to the fetus will last for the child's whole life."
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Prenatal Testing and Eugenics, 2005.
A critique on the methods employed by a study relating to prenatal screening and genetics counselling.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a study that was conducted relating to prenatal screening and genetics counseling. The paper examines the reasons for the research, the methods, participants and instruments used to conduct the research and discusses the study findings. The paper then provides a discussion based on the study findings, as well as makes recommendations for the future of health care in relation to this issue.
From the Paper
"Introduction Prenatal screening is not routinely offered at health care facilities, nor is information provided to patients with regard to prenatal screening. Most women that deliver babies today that have genetic defects were never offered the opportunity for prenatal screening during their pregnancies. Studies have indicated that as women age they have a greater risk of fertility problems, and that by age 25 women run a 1 in 250 chance of having a child with Down's Syndrome. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, therefore, recommends that all women over the age of 30 be offered prenatal testing to determine if there is a genetic disorder in the unborn child."
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Prenatal Disposition to ADHD, 2003.
A description of the prenatal factors that might lead to a childhood diagnosis of ADHD.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the psychological disorder of ADHD, as presenting in a six-year old child. The paper examines causes of the disorder, focusing on maternal factors -- i.e. stimuli experienced during the prenatal period. The paper discusses the child's family background and then turns to the stress and depression experienced by the mother during pregnancy.
From the Paper
"Tommy is a six-year-old African American boy who has recently been diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD by his first-grade teacher. Unlike his peers Tommy has difficulties attending to his designated tasks at school, as he is often distracted..."
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Litigation and Prenatal Nursing, 2005.
An analysis of the factors leading to an increase in the trend of litigation against nurses, specifically in prenatal nursing.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses litigation in the health care profession. Specifically, it discusses the rising trend of litigation against both doctors and nurses, with a higher rate of litigation against nurses. The paper discusses some of the possible reasons for this increase in recent years, focusing on the patient's increased awareness of their rights and improved technology.
From the Paper
"Litigation involving nurses is a significantly lower problem than lawsuits involving doctors. However, the present trend illustrates growing litigation in both professions. One reason for this is that the patient is more sophisticated with an awareness of rights. Many determinants contribute to litigation, one of the main factors being technology. In all cases of litigation, a common denominator has been identified as a poor caring relationship between nurse and patient. Negligence is the most common charge against nurses, and collaboration is often present."
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Infant Mortality and Prenatal Care, 1991.
This paper discusses the relationship of prenatal care and infant mortality: Socioeconomic factors, Medicaid, clinics and government policies.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" In saving the lives of infants, America ranks 19th among the nations of the world. Considering white babies and black babies separately results in whites rising to 11th while blacks fall to 21st. Each year, 40,000 American babies die before age 1. Most babies who face early life problems are born too small and too soon. This is because many mothers do not get decent care and guidance during their pregnancy. In some parts of the country, distance from a doctor or hospital is a problem; in other parts, medical personnel are in short supply. Some physicians are unwilling to accept high-risk patients out of fear of malpractice suits. Other doctors are reluctant to accept poor patients if they anticipate that their bills will not be paid or that they will receive inadequate reimbursement from public insurance ... "
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Prenatal Testing, 1999.
Purpose of this testing and types & methods available. Looking at common birth defects, accuracy, problems & dangers, parental rights and recommendations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 21 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING
Introduction
Every year in the United States, approximately six percent of the total births (about four million babies) are born with birth defects (Papalia & Olds, 1995). However, although these babies only represent six percent of the births, they account for 20 percent of the deaths in infancy (Papalia & Olds, 1995). Medical science has long been involved in ways of improving these statistics; one of the most frequently used methods is that of prenatal testing.
The purpose of this paper is to examine prenatal testing. To this end, the paper first defines prenatal testing and delineates its basic methods. This is followed by a discussion of some of the most common birth defects and the accuracy of.."
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Pre-term Labor vs. Prenatal Harm, 1991.
This paper examines a case of 19-year-old unmarried pregnant woman in premature labor who wishes to stop medication thus preventing birth: Ethical issues, patient rights, danger to fetus, legalities and roles of doctors and nurses.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Through advances in medical technology, the opportunities for intervening with patient destiny by restoring heart beat and respiration or kidney function, among other symptoms, are both numerous and fascinating. However, some people may believe that their destiny should not be tampered with. The question of whether to give or withhold care is a moral decision which health care professionals must deal with. Client choices may be justified by the principle of self-determination, and other decisions may be justified by the principle of the patient's best interests. Further complications arise when a pregnant but competent mother makes decisions regarding her fetus that will probably bring harm to it. Since a fetus cannot speak for itself, the question arises as to who will speak for it."
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Access to Health Care, 2002.
Examines literature relating to the measurement of health care access in the United States.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The measurement of access to health care in America is far from uniform. Even a cursory review of the literature reveals diverse methods, instruments and procedures for assessing access, each applied to diverse populations (e.g., poor, special needs, middle class, insured, uninsured, etc.) for diverse services (oncology, preventative care, prenatal care, etc.). This paper examines access to health care as related to the measurement of access and to the range of programs that have been developed to improve access. The writer's personal reaction to each issue is included in the report. The paper also includes articles referred to in the text.
From the Paper
"Access has also been measured in terms of whether a person has medical insurance or a regular source of care, or whether people use emergency rooms as their usual site of medical care (Wood, Hayward, Corey, Freeman & Shapiro, 1990). Additional access measures include whether insurance covers recommended care (Hubbell, Waitzkin & Rodriquez, 1990), the number of structural barriers confronting an individual or group seeking health care (Dutton, 1986), and the degree of expertise of a target group's service providers (McCoy, Aversa & McCoy, 1999). My personal reaction to this issue is to doubt the accuracy of access data. This is because each of these different measures must necessarily vary in the extent to which they have adequately operationalized the access construct."
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Hispanics and Health Care, 2005.
This paper examines the Hispanic perspectives on health care.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that minorities often do not receive adequate health care because they lack the economic resources to pay for it and do not have the political influence to generate reform. The author points out that Hispanic babies suffer from a lack of prenatal care in much greater numbers and Hispanic adults are dying in larger numbers than Caucasians. The paper relates that many Hispanics do not have equal access to diagnosis or treatment because often they are uninsured or because they live in areas where medical facilities are unavailable, poorly staffed or lack necessary medicines.
From the Paper
I"n examining and explaining Hispanic views of health and health care providers, it is evident that they are troubled by the fact that minorities often do not receive adequate health care because they lack the economic resources to pay for it and do not have the political influence to generate reform. According to Smoak (2005) Hispanic babies suffer from a lack of prenatal care in much greater numbers, and Hispanic adults are dying in larger numbers than Caucasians afflicted the same illnesses and diseases because many Hispanics do not have equal access to diagnosis or treatment, often because they are uninsured or because they live in areas where medical facilities are unavailable, poorly staffed, or lack necessary medicines."
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Advanced Practice RNs in the Home Health Care Arena, 2004.
This paper discusses that there is an urgent need for APRN services in the home health care environment and suggests ways of meeting this need.
3,890 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there is an urgent need for quality home care that exceeds the minimum expectations of patients and their families. The author points out that there is a dearth of data relating to the specific training, planning, and placing advanced practice nursing talent in home health care situations. The paper suggests that the medical staff train the advanced practice nurses in home care, and they, in turn, will teach families how to give good care to their loved ones.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Identification of the Phenomenon.
Review of Literature
Relevant Literature Appropriate for The Qualitative Study Planned
Integrating Advanced Practices Nurses into Home Care Environments
Effects of a Relationship-Enhancing Program of Care on Outcomes
Validity and Community-Health Nursing Sensitivity of Six Outcomes for Community Health Nursing with Older Clients
Review: Prenatal Home Visitation by Nurses through Infancy
Effect of Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation
Home Health Care: Improving Quality, Tightening Standards
A Case Study in Care: APRN Home Nursing Service
A Practical Guide to Caring for Caregivers
From the Paper
"After all, NPs have a ?proven efficacy in health promotion, early identification and prevention of complications,? as well as patient compliance and education ? so, it is a logical argument to bring advanced practice nurses into the home care environment, and in order to plan for the future, more specifically targeted nursing teaching programs are proposed as a solid strategy for integrating primary care by NPs into the home care genre. The growth of home care services was tremendous between 1988 and 1995, as the number of Medicare home health visits jumped from 37 million to 252 million. Money spend through Medicare home health care visits also leaped during that period ? from $2.1 billion to about $16 billion, which is the fastest-growing budget item in Medicare."
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Healthcare for Female Inmates, 2005.
This paper examines the medical services available for female prisoners.
868 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the number of incarcerated women continues to increase and then looks at female prisoners' access to prenatal care, HIV and AIDS treatment and mental healthcare. The paper reveals that gynecological services are often the least available and most needed medical service of women in prison. The paper emphasizes that prenatal, infectious disease and mental health care not only benefit the inmates while they are incarcerated but they also benefit society once these women and their children are released into the general population.
From the Paper
"The Eight Amendment is used to ensure equal healthcare for inmates, not just the majority of inmates, but all inmates including women. The prison system was not designed for women because there were very few women who needed to be incarcerated when the first state prisons were founded. As a result the rules and procedures were designed for men and their needs. Women prisoners naturally must get medical attention for their pregnancy, but also for HIV/AIDS infection and distinctive mental health issues. As women continue to make up a larger portion of the inmate population it is time we consider their unique health needs as well."
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Human Development: Birth to Adulthood, 2003.
A look at development from conception through adulthood, looking at prenatal factors, factors of infancy and childhood, and factors of puberty.
1,592 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the human body experiences a wide range of fundamental changes during the transition from prenatal to adult periods of life. It traces the development from conception through adulthood, using prenatal factors, factors of infancy and childhood, and factors of puberty concerning the chromosomal, hormonal, brain structure, gross anatomy, and self-perception changes that are experienced during these phases.
From the Paper
"The prenatal period of anatomical development usually last for 40 weeks (ten lunar months) and can be divided into a period of cleavage (this is the distribution of the zygote?s contents into smaller and smaller cells); an embryonic stage (this stage extends from the second week through the eighth week of development and is characterized by the formation of the placenta, the development of the main internal organs, and the appearance of the major external body structures (Hole 1990). The term embryo describes the fertilized egg during its first seven weeks of existence; the human embryo is usually termed a fetus after the eighth week of development, when the limbs and external features of the head are recognizable."
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Midwifery in the U.S., 2004.
This paper discusses midwifery, the practice of an expert in normal birth, recognized in many developed countries, including the United States, as a valuable maternity care provider for most women.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history and practice of midwifery in the U.S. in an effort to determine the impact of midwifery on the development of the professional nursing profession. The author points out that more affluent consumers realize the benefits of the personalized, holistic health care that the modern-day midwives have to offer; birthing centers are opening, which offering prenatal counseling, extensive personal care during birth, and close collaboration with physicians. The paper reports that midwives establish independent birth centers, deliver babies in homes and in hospitals, work in women's health care practices, and are midwife-educators and public health policy makers.
From the Paper
"The Children's Bureau, the first American organization to focus specifically on the welfare of children, published its first report with appalling statistics: 124 babies per 1,000 were dying, and the maternal mortality rates were as high (Rooks, 1997). Recognizing the importance of prenatal care, a plan was developed to combat the poor pregnancy outcomes that included providing public health nurses for prenatal instruction. In response, a group of obstetricians, nurses and mothers founded the Maternity Center Association (MCA) in New York to address the problem of poor pregnancy outcomes and improve the health of mothers and infants."
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