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Poverty: Race & Gender, 1996.
Examines relationship between race (black vs. white), gender (female-headed households) & poverty rates. History since 1960, statistics, unemployment, earnings, welfare.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the disparity in poverty rates between blacks and whites, focusing upon the issue of female-headed households. Specifically, this paper will argue that the increase in female-headed households in the black community has not in itself contributed to increased rates of black poverty. Rather, this phenomenon is largely the result of increased poverty among young back men. The first part of the paper will examine the trends in poverty since 1959, looking at the poverty rates for the population overall and comparing the rates for blacks and whites. The second part of the paper will discuss the relationship between poverty and the increase in female-headed households, comparing the situation in the black community with that in the white community and arguing that poverty leads to more female..."
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Poverty in Canada: Exploring the Intersections of Race, Gender, Class, 2002.
An overview of the issues affecting poverty in Canada such as economic and social policy as well as race, ethnicity, immigration and migration.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper is an exploration of poverty in Canada. Issues such as race, ethnicity, immigration and migration are considered in the contexts of rural and urban communities, as well as with regards to gender and class. The argument here is that Canada's transitions in economics and industry have helped to produce an institutionalized underclass who live in poverty and who have limited resources for changing the conditions of their living. This paper further indicates the ways economic and social policy need to elaborate on the needs of the poor if the underclass is to be assisted in ways that can produce a change in the populations who live in poverty.
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Poverty and Race in America, 2004.
An analysis of issues of poverty and race in the United States.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a study done by the University of Cincinnati eight years ago, in which researchers found strong links between poverty, race, and illiteracy. The paper presents the unsettling statistics learned from this research study. The link between the level of education and poverty is identified in the paper, and educational programs are suggested as a step towards the solution of the problem.
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, the residents of these neighborhoods were black, poor, and under-educated. The average adult in these communities had not completed ninth grade. In most of these neighborhoods, the mothers received Medicaid but the neighborhoods were without convenient medical care. As a result, for the entire county 10% of pregnant women either received no prenatal care or received significantly less than needed, seeing a doctor less than 50% of the number of visits recommended for good maternal care. Not surprisingly, Cincinnati also has an alarmingly high rate of underweight babies, a factor strongly correlated with developmental problems, birth defects and infant mortality (Petrie, 1997)."
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Poverty and Race, 2002.
An examination of poverty as a racial issue.
1,954 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the relationship between poverty and race in the U.S. and how a black person is more likely than a white person to be poor, to have a lower family income, a lower paying job and fewer resources to get out of poverty. Through a literature review, it examines how experts have suggested a number of reasons for this situation, from different cultural expectations to greater historical barriers. It also argues that racism plays a significant role in perpetuating black poverty as well as contending that racism can be used as an excuse for self-perpetuation, obscuring other causes of poverty and preventing many blacks from making full use of what resources they do have to secure the kinds of lives for which they long.
From the Paper
"The reasons for this disparity are not clear-cut. Civil War and civil rights have gone a long way toward equalizing circumstances between blacks and whites in America. Yet this equalization has not been economic, and one of the most significant explanations is that racism continues to be a powerful force in American life. Legislation eliminated the most blatant forms of institutionalized racism, but it could not stamp out the subtler ways in which dominant forces continue to try to suppress and discriminate against those who are different. As Jacqueline Jones points out, "From the time of slavery onward, white farmers and nonagricultural workers maintained historic advantages over black people, no matter how outwardly similar the situations of the two races" (6). Social reforms could not prevent the ruling classes from trying to hold onto whatever advantages they had already managed to secure."
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Poverty and Race, 2000.
An examination of the relationship between economics and racism including slavery, media, role of government, self-help, affirmative action and social factors.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"This paper is an examination of poverty as a racial issue. A black person in America is more likely than a white person to be poor, to have a lower family income, a lower paying job, and fewer resources to get out of poverty. Experts have suggested a number of reasons for this situation, from different cultural expectations to greater historical barriers. This paper argues that racism plays a significant role in perpetuating black poverty. However, this paper also contends that racism can be used as an excuse for self-perpetuation, obscuring other causes of poverty and preventing many blacks from making full use of what resources they do have to secure the kinds of lives for which they long.
While the earliest blacks to arrive in America came as indentured servants seeking, along with their white counterparts..."
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World Poverty and Poverty in the USA, 2007.
An explanation of poverty experienced in the USA and in the developing countries.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the global issue of poverty as well as the poverty that exists today in the USA. The author describes the different lives that the poor in America have compared to those struggling to survive in developing countries. He provides some of the causes that lead to abject poverty and concludes that if we cure the world of poverty, we will cure the world of hunger, thirst, illiteracy, and disease.
From the Paper
"When Americans think of poverty, many of them tend to think of people living on the street and begging for money in our nation's biggest cities. Many are naive to the fact that almost one billion people are living in "absolute poverty." Absolute poverty, as described by Robert McNamara, are "those living, literally, on the margin of life. Their lives are so characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, and disease as to be beneath any reasonable definition of human dignity" (23). The main reason for McNamara's definition is to help Westerners understand that poverty is a lot different to us than it is in the developing world.
"The poor in New York City may be living under a bridge or sleeping on a park bench, but they rarely have to worry about how they are going to eat since the United States offers programs to aid the poor, such as homeless shelters, soup kitchens, and food stamps. In the developing world, it is a different story. Millions of children receive insufficient amounts of food, especially protein, which thereby causes their brains to remain undeveloped and leads to a higher chance of less-productive lives. Millions of these children die each year before the age of five due to malnutrition and diseases associated with malnutrition (23)."
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Race, Drugs and Urban Poverty, 2005.
This paper discusses the connection between the problems of racial profiling, drugs and poverty.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how interconnected the current problems of racial profiling, the war on drugs, and urban poverty are. It first looks at the historical aspects of the war on drugs in minority-heavy areas. Then it looks at why these areas might be targeted by racial profiling. Finally, the writer tries to find justification for racial profiling as a tool to end the drug problem and help urban areas, ultimately deciding that there is no good answer, that the problems are too intertwined.
From the Paper
"Ever since September 11th and the Al Qaeda-led hijackings of that tragic day, our country has been aware of racial profiling that has occurred in our airports and along our borders, where people of Arab descent have been stopped, questioned, even detained because their skin, profile, or dress matches some pre-conceived notion of a terrorist. Yet, even before Arabs were being pulled aside or looked at suspiciously as they put carry-on luggage into overhead compartments, racial profiling was an issue that needed to be discussed and dealt with in the United States. Every day, in inner cities and well-to-do suburbs, men and women of color are stopped for DWB, or driving while black, or for being of any ethnic minority, for that matter."
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"Race and Mixed Race", 2002.
An examination Ranier Spencer's "Race and Mixed Race" which denies the concept of race.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay reviews Ranier Spencer's essay on "Race and Mixed Race." Spencer argues that there is actually no such thing as race, since so many identities and racial mixtures exist within each person. The essay argues that Spencer makes a legitimate point, but that his contention ultimately ignores what can actually be done about racism.
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Poverty and Black Women, 2000.
An examination of poverty statistics, race-related and systemic causes, black women head-of-families and social and personal solutions.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Single African American females are a major constituent of poverty in America. Many of the children living in poverty in America are the children of African American families headed by single females. This paper will review the current literature on the social problem of poverty and single African American females.
The federal government defines poverty as an annual income of less than $16,276 for a family of four. A recent study showed that nine out of every 10 blacks (91 percent) who live to 75 years of age will have experienced poverty for at least one year during their lifetime (Hirschl and Rank, 1999). These figures come from a joint study from Cornell University and the Washington University which showed that the poverty level of Blacks contrasts greatly with that of Whites. Only half of all White..."
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Redefining Poverty, 2003.
Explores the need to redefine the term 'poverty' to improve poverty alleviation strategies.
6,500 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
The term 'poverty' does not have as clear-cut a definition as many suppose. In the past, the World Bank defined it as a form of economic deprivation, inhibiting access to necessary resources such as food, medication, shelter, or clothing. This paper shows, however, that by 2001, the World Bank realized that the definition of poverty as "deprivation of income" was simply too limited and limiting because it viewed poverty only from the economic perspective, overlooking the social perspective. It is limiting because the economic definition of poverty engenders poverty alleviation strategies, which aim to improve the economic status of individuals, communities, and areas by addressing the economic infrastructure alone, overlooking the fact that the social and political infrastructures may be, and often are, equally responsible for poverty. The paper shows that realization of the mentioned limitations motivated the World Bank to redefine poverty as used in its annual reports. This new definition, holding poverty to be a "pronounced deprivation of well-being," does address some of the limitations of the older definition, but is not a comprehensive definition. Additionally, it has failed to engender new poverty measurement variables, maintaining the same limited and limiting ones used in the earlier definition.
Outline
Definition
Measurements of Poverty
Social and Political Deprivation
Choice in Poverty
Alleviation Strategies
Criticism of Alleviation Strategies
Re-Emphasizing a New Definition of Poverty
Case Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, poverty is the absence of equality and equal opportunity. If one considers this definition carefully, especially in light of the areas of inequality highlighted by Todaro, one sees the rationale behind, and the validity of, this definition. Quite simply stated, the unequal status of women and minority groups in many LDC's determines the inability of those groups to access economic independence or even the opportunity for stable employment at fair wages. If we go a step beyond, one will note that resistance to employing women, consequent to patriarchal cultural attitudes prevalent in many LDC's such as rural Egypt, culminates in the exclusion of a significant percentage of the population from participating in national economic development efforts."
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The Sociology of Poverty and Welfare, 2005.
A sociological perspective on poverty and welfare, including a sociological definition of poverty, explanations for poverty and welfare, and an evaluation of the explanations.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the sociology of poverty and welfare. The paper identifies the conflict and individualistic and cultural perspectives in poverty and welfare, gives a description of six sociological explanations relating to the two identified perspectives of poverty and welfare, and evaluates three of the sociological explanations. Further, this paper gives a description of at least eight sociological studies of welfare and poverty, with at least four representing the different sociological perspectives, as well as four evaluations of the sociological studies. Finally, this paper provides a description of four main constraints, which could affect the work of sociologists in their study of welfare and poverty.
Statement of Thesis
Review of Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Defining elements in culture are those of language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed through generation to generation. Further culture can be separated into subgroups of material culture and nonmaterial culture. Components within a culture are inclusive of symbols, gestures, language, values, norms and sanctions, folkways and mores." Those who participate in social research or sociologists place their reliance on three main theoretical frameworks which are symbolic intereactionism which is defined in the focus on languaging and human relationship elements in intimate group settings which gives emphasis to the construction and communication by the individual through use of symbols or micro-analysis. In the thinking of today there is little disagreement that there is not an existence of a definitive in poverty that is "the" end-all in relating the meaning of the existence demonstrating the meaning of poverty. Globalization is new in the theorem arena in relation to reflect on poverty. The studies that are recent in relation to: "globalization, regionalization and their local manifestation in 'globalization' revealed an extraordinary variety of micro-social" causal factors and reasons within the framework of social processes and consequences that are of a broader nature."
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Lee Jacobs' Article: "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty", 2008.
This paper analyzes governmental influences on case poverty and insular poverty in Southeast Asia based on the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This study critically analyzes the idea of case poverty and insular ioverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. The paper explains that, by understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that case poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. The paper further suggest that, by critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The paper then applies this concept to the poor in Southeast Asian countries.
From the Paper
"These ironic features that are contained within economic barren areas reflect the way that governmental development influences what is to be deemed insular poverty. For instance, if a country like Cambodia has resources in rice, a lack of government development could make Cambodia behave within Galbraith's definition of insular poverty without geographical isolation. ...
"This factor further helps develop the terms of poverty that are imposed upon people, through the so-called insular factors of poverty."
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Insular and Case Poverty, 2005.
This paper analyzes governmental influence on case poverty and insular poverty, using the article 'The Position of Poverty' by John Kenneth Galbraith.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the article by Jacobs that reflects Galbraith's theory on Insular and Case Poverty shows certain principles that are correctly adhered to in certain ways, but are delineated in other cases by government corruption. In this manner, many Southeast Asian countries are underdeveloped or overdeveloped depending on how governments structure their class systems. By analyzing this article, there is a greater comprehension of how class is developed through governmental support or non-support in relation to defining aspects of poverty in the modern era.
From the Paper
"This poverty study critically analyzes the idea of Case Poverty and Insular Poverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. By understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that Case Poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. By critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The first defining aspect of Case Poverty is clearly related by Galbraith in identifying those that cannot function on the same level as other members within a given society."
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America's War on Poverty, 2002.
An analysis of the effectiveness of welfare reform on poverty and anti-poverty policy in the U.S..
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a critical look at poverty and anti-poverty policy in the US. Intuitively, it is easy to make the hypothesis that spending more on poverty is better for the greater good. For instance, states with greater percentages of their population below the poverty line should spend more to reduce the incidence of poverty in their jurisdictions. In reality, however, this hypothesis has proven to be invalid. This paper will argue that, rather than improving, poverty is becoming more prevalent.
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Crime and Poverty, 2002.
This paper discusses how crime is associated with race, when in fact it should be associated with poverty.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 24 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that this is significant in terms of communication by use of different communication theories.
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