| Papers [1-15] of 59 :: [Page 1 of 4] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 —> | Search results on "POSTPONING CHILDBIRTH": |
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Postponing Childbirth, 2006.
This paper looks at the economic and psychological effects of postponing childbirth.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The writer maintains that in today's world, an increasing number of women, especially those in the United States and Europe, are opting to postpone having a child well into their thirties, forties and even past the age of fifty. The writer explains that medically speaking, many doctors and OB/GYN's consider thirty-five as being quite young and see nothing wrong with a woman having a child beyond the age of forty, as long as the mother-to-be is healthy and realizes that the chances of getting pregnant by her own egg supply is greatly diminished after the age of forty. However, there are numerous economic and psychological factors, such as the cost of fertility treatments and the inevitable "ticking" of the biological clock, that women in these age groups must face in order to decide whether or not to become pregnant after the age of thirty. This paper looks at the effects and risks of delaying childbirth.
From the Paper
"The psychological ramifications of procrastination, i.e. waiting for a long period of time before deciding to have a child, can be quite devastating. For example, a woman may feel that she has waited too long which may cause her to feel extremely depressed. To make matters worse, A.D. Domar points out that there is "increasing evidence that depression may contribute to infertility. Women with a history of depression have twice the infertility rates of women without a history of depression" (2000, p. 808).
One additional psychological result of waiting too long has to do with a feeling of desperation which may induce a woman to seek out medical assistance from those with poor track records regarding fertility treatment. Thus, the longer a woman delays becoming pregnant, the more she is susceptible to suffering psychological ramifications."
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Delayed Childbirth, 2002.
This paper is a review of the literature about delayed childbirth until after age 35 and about nursing interventions for this category of births.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper states that delayed childbirth is a growing trend in the United States and will continue to increase. This paper discusses that the literature indicates both advantages and disadvantages associated with having children later in life but, despite the advantages, there are certain pregnancy and labor risks. The author believes that nurses need more training in ways to assist mothers who decide to put off having their first child.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Factors Influencing Delayed Childbirth
Advantages of Delayed Childbirth
Disadvantages of Delayed Childbirth
Pregnancy Outcomes for Mature Women
Nursing Interventions
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In their discussion of disadvantages associated with delayed childbirth, the March of Dimes (1995) reports that women over 35 becoming pregnant for the first time are at increased risk for infertility and miscarriage, gestational diabetes, bleeding complications, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cesarean section, and for chromosomal abnormalities and growth retardation in babies. Rates of premature delivery and stillbirth also are said to increase, as does the chance of having multiple births (e.g., twins, triplets or higher order births). It is further noted that since about half of all pregnancies for all women in the United States are not intended, including in women over 35, it is very important that all women of reproductive capacity follow guidelines to promote reproductive health and pregnancy."
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Delayed Childbirth, 2002.
Examines the trend of women putting off childbirth until their mid-thirties.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Delayed childbirth is a changing trend in parenting consisting of the decision to put off pregnancy until one is 35 years of age or older. This paper examines the phenomena of delayed childbirth. The topics discussed in the paper include: factors influencing delayed childbirth; the advantages of delayed childbearing; the disadvantages of delayed childbearing; various pregnancy outcomes associated with delayed childbirth and nursing interventions designed to assist mature women in increasing their chances of having healthy pregnancies and healthy babies.
From the Paper
"In their discussion of disadvantages associated with delayed childbirth, the March of Dimes (1995) reports that women over 35 becoming pregnant for the first time are at increased risk for infertility and miscarriage, gestational diabetes, bleeding complications, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cesarean section, and for chromosomal abnormalities and growth retardation in babies. Rates of premature delivery and stillbirth are also said to increase, as does the chance of having multiple births (e.g., twins, triplets or higher order births). It is further noted that since about half of all pregnancies for all women in the United States are not intended, including in women over 35, it is very important that all women of reproductive capacity follow guidelines to promote reproductive health and pregnancy."
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Advancements in Childbirth during the Time of William Carlos Williams, 2000.
A look at the improvements in childbirth practices in America at the turn of the 20th century.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 52.95
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Abstract
From the paper:
Childbirth, the natural process of how we are born, has evolved along with technological advancements to prolong lives, reduce pain, and decrease mortality rates through advancements in technology. William Carlos Williams, born in 1883 in Rutherford, New Jersey, dealt with issues of childbirth through the course of his life as a pediatrician. After becoming a pediatrician in 1910, he practiced medicine there for most of his life, and wrote poems and stories about his life as a country doctor. During the course of his life, society began paying close attention to childbirth as medicine and technology advanced.
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Medicalization of Childbirth, 2001.
A look at the history of the medical model of childbirth.
1,887 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the history of the medical model of childbirth and considers the effects of medicalization a natural process. The paper suggests that medicalization childbirth reinforces patriarchal power relations while often having negative effects on women?s health.
From the Paper
"The experience of childbirth in North America has undergone constant change since the decline of the midwife. It has been appropriated by men and by the medical establishment. It has been institutionalized and made unnatural. The positive effects of medical knowledge can be observed during difficult deliveries, however these occur relatively infrequently and their treatments are then applied to the greater population. The negative effects are most visible in women?s health, but the medicalization of childbirth has also resulted in the loss of traditional knowledge systems, declining female control over the birthing process and the reinforcement of patriarchal power relations."
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Childbirth in the West and East, 2002.
An examination of the differences between two ethnically distinct cultures whereby two women who have experienced the ritual of childbirth are interviewed ? one Asian and one Western.
3,026 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Childbirth is a culturally-mediated event, and this essay reflects this view. The paper includes a discussion of how ritual is significant to every society and how it varies. It shows a number of inherent differences in the ritual of childbirth between the two cultures, as well as some striking comparisons. Both women and their experiences serve as case studies in each culture. The paper discusses how these women relate to issues such as pain relief, support structures during and after birth - particularly the role of the husband/partner, surgical interventions such as Caesarean section, the importance of postnatal care and differences in emotional expression during birth.
From the Paper
"The experience of childbirth in any culture is a time of great anticipation and encompasses many different emotions, but is never simply a biological act. Childbirth in every culture around the world has been socially marked and shaped and there are quite marked differences in the ritual of childbirth from country to country. "The concept of ?natural fertility? and ?natural childbirth? are cultural constructs. Our lives are lived in socially independent groups guided by cultural rules." (MacCormack, 1982, p.2) Amongst other things, the ritual of childbirth may differ in where the birth occurred ? in the hospital or at home, the support structures provided or pain relief, and be influenced by cultural, traditional or religious beliefs. Scheper-Hughes (1987, in Davis-Floyd, 1997) and others put forward the argument that without culture, we would not have emotions, or at the very least be unable to interpret them. As such, culture is a very important factor in the analysis of the ritual of childbirth and emotion. Brigitte Jordan (1979), who many believe to be the mother of the study of childbirth, described birth as a "culturally grounded, biosocially mediated, and interactionally achieved event." "
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Childbirth and Motherhood in "Frankenstein", 2004.
An analysis of the theme of the fear childbirth and motherhood in Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the way in which nineteenth century childbirth procedures impacted Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein". It considers both the birth process in general and the experience in Shelley's own life in particular, as they relate to the tale of Victor Frankenstein and his monster.
From the Paper
"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is widely considered a novel that warns against the dangers of science. In the character of Victor Frankenstein, Shelley demonstrates how medical and scientific knowledge might be used to create a ghastly monster that experiences.."
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Delayed Childbirth, 2000.
An examination of women's decisions to have children later in life. With reasons for, advantages and disadvantages, pregnancy outcomes and nursing interventions.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper examined the existing literature on delayed childbirth. It was noted that several factors contribute to delayed childbirth including: the decision to put off having children until one's education is completed, the decision to make career gains prior to motherhood, and so forth. The literature also indicated that there are both advantages and disadvantages associated with having children later in life but that despite the advantages, there are certain pregnancy and labor risks. These were said to include:longer first stage labor, greater intrapartum
From the Paper
"Delayed Childbirth
Abstract
This paper examined the existing literature on delayed childbirth. It was noted that several factors contribute to delayed childbirth including: the decision to put off having children until one's education is completed, the decision to make career gains prior to motherhood, and so forth. The literature also indicated that there are both advantages and disadvantages associated with having children later in life but that despite the advantages, there are certain pregnancy and labor risks. These were said to include:longer first stage labor, greater intrapartum fetal distress, the need for need more intramuscular analgesia during labor, higher rates of cesarean delivery, higher rates of birth asphyxia, greater fetal growth restriction..."
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Delayed Childbirth, 2000.
An examination of the reasons for, advantages and disadvantages of, pregnancy outcomes and nursing interventions related to a woman's decision to have children until she is 35 years or older.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
According to O'Reilly-Green and Cohen (1993), delayed childbirth is a changing trend in parenting consisting of the decision to put off pregnancy until one is 35 years of age or older. This report examines the phenomena of delayed childbirth.
From the Paper
"Delayed Childbirth
Introduction
According to O'Reilly-Green and Cohen (1993), delayed childbirth is a changing trend in parenting consisting of the decision to put off pregnancy until one is 35 years of age or older. This report examines the phenomena of delayed childbirth. The topics discussed in the paper include: factors influencing delayed childbirth; the advantages of delayed childbearing; the disadvantages of delayed childbearing; various pregnancy outcomes associated with delayed childbirth; and nursing interventions designed to assist mature women in increasing their chances of having healthy pregnancies and healthy babies."
Factors Influencing Delayed Childbirth
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African-Americans and Childbirth, 2006.
This paper describes practices, rituals and beliefs common to African- Americans and how they have adapted to meet the cultural and environmental needs of the mother.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how African-Americans relate to pregnancy, labor, delivery and the neonatal period. Pregnancy is mostly a positive experience for them and the author writes how African American women associate it with greater self-esteem. This paper includes their cultural beliefs concerning pregnancy and studies postpartum depression in the light of their beliefs and values. The author concludes that African- Americans have maintained many of their traditional beliefs and values dear, however, there is a limit to which ancient values can withstand the tide of changing time.
Content:
Abstract
Introduction
Postpartum depression
Conclusion
From the Paper
"African Americans are a strong and vibrant community in the American societal setup. Their culture derives from their ancestral African origins which have shaped themselves according to the demands of changing time and evolving mankind. However, the essence of many of the rituals, a fundamental part of their traditions, has withstood the inquisitions of the logical mind. "Pregnancy is seen as an important milestone of life. African American women view it as a "significant demarcation in the women's lives." Motherhood is seen as a mostly positive experience while some African American women also identify the downside of becoming a mother. In the research entitled "Mothers and Others", the authors monitored the mothering habits of women and their reaction to pregnancy and childbirth (Gichia, 2000). It was found that most African American women were very close to families and at this time of their lives, they want their family members and relatives around. Women from this ethnic group are also known for understanding the significance of 'kin-work' at this time (Burton & Stack, 1992). Kin-work refers to distribution of work amongst family members and relatives when an African American woman is expecting a baby or is a new mother. This is almost a tradition in most urban African American households. Pregnancy is considered a clear step forward in life and African American women associate it with greater self-esteem (Mercer, 1995), a change in identity and daily routine (Preski & Walker, 1997)"
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Childbirth, Baby Massage and Reflexology, 1993.
Describes touch-oriented medical techniques and argues for their efficacy in bringing about social utopia.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"A Utopian Society Based on Touch
To have a more ideal utopian state, a primary aim would be toward a user-friendly society. Computers, robotics, and the technological condition of society have depersonalized the present quality of life. The work force has shifted such that medical benefits are not so available to a large portion of the population. Therefore, the goal for a more utopian society would be adequate, affordable health care for all people.
Western style health care is costly. Many alternative forms of health care have been developed and westernized but are not widely used. The ending of the cold war and the corresponding need to reduce the military effort without reducing the number of military people employed require creative solutions to employment of the military. The alternative touch methods of health could ..."
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Childbirth, 2001.
Examines use & advantages of epidural analgesia to relieve pain in the birthing process.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The pain of childbirth is known to be one of the most severe pains a woman can experience. In recent years, the use of epidural analgesia has become widespread and women need no longer suffer excruciating pain while giving birth. This paper will look at the advantages of giving birth with the aid of an epidural, and how it can make the birthing process a more satisfactory event for women.
During the first stage of labor, visceral distention as a result of rhythmic uterine contractions and progressive dilation of the cervix result in the transmission of afferent impulses from the uterus and cervix to the spinal cord at T10 through L1 (Vincent and Chestnut 1786). These events produce severe pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, and sacrum. These pains can be excruciating if no analgesic is given. The pain experienced during.."
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Childbirth, 1999.
Looking at the history, medicalization, physicians vs. midwifes, decision making process. Compares vaginal birth vs. Caesarean section, roles of doctors & mothers and mortality rates.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"CHILDBIRTH: A REVIEW & COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES
Introduction
This research examined current practices in obstetrics to include physician and midwife birthing management, as well as alternative birthing options. The examination covers the topics from historical, theoretical, and applied perspectives. Implications are stated and conclusions are drawn related to the future of approaches to childbirth management. The hypothesis of this study is that, except when serious medical problems are involved, conventional hospital delivery during childbirth is not superior to alternative birthing options. The midwifery model of childbirth is considered to be an alternative birthing option to the traditional medical model of childbirth that remains predominant in the United States."
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Betty Friedan's "Feminine Mystique", 2005.
This paper examines Betty Friedan's "Feminine Mystique" and reviews the history and philosophy of the "feminism" movement in the U.S..
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after World War II, Betty Friedan in her renowned book "Feminine Mystique" urges that women should not have to live up to any sort of image, real or imagined, but should learn to live their lives in a way that provides them with satisfaction. The author points out that Friedan, in essence, was a pioneer only in the sense that she brought up-to-date what had been going on for nearly a century; she put her finger on the feminine malaise. The paper relates that Friedan's closing chapter, dealing with self-realization, has been achieved because today women are marrying later, not dropping out of school to marry and bear children, restricting the number of children, often postponing childbirth in favor of a career and the glass ceiling, while not totally shattered, has severe cracks in it.
From the Paper
"However, before celebrating true gender equality, one should look back again at Ms Lerner's letter and her complaint that feminism is passing African-American (and by inference other minority) women by. There are few minority women who have made it to, or near, the top in American business- in advertising, in magazine editing, in publishing romance novels, and certainly in the movies, on records, and on TV. But, even on television, there are still many blanks which seem reserved for white women- very few minority anchors (except in those metropolitan areas where viewers need to be attracted- areas like Los Angeles and new York, Houston and Phoenix. What's more, the decision makers and producers who hire minorities- or don't hire them- are mainly white, with the obvious exception of Spike Lee. There are no major leaders of any woman's movement who is black or Hispanic, even though there are some high-ranking minorities on Clinton's Cabinet, and, until her defeat in 1998, there was a black female senator from Illinois. Yes, there are two women on the Supreme Court (but their pol9tics tend to cancel one another out)."
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Holiday Shopping, 2002.
Examines the demographics of postponing holiday shopping, based on research.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the demographics of postponing holiday shopping. This is accomplished in part due to a literature analysis and in part due to a fictitious survey that was conducted during the holiday shopping season of 2000 - 2001 at three urban malls. This paper determines that male shoppers are far more likely than female shoppers to postpone their holiday shopping until immediately before the holidays. In order to take advantage of this, merchants should concentrate on promotional packages that will attract male shoppers, such as gift boxes that are easily displayed and accessible to the shoppers.
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