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Towards Post-Industrial Capitalism, 1998.
A critique of the concept of post-industrialism and technological determinism.
1,848 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the concept of a post-industrial society rests on the assumption that social development is essentially driven by technological change. It draws parallels with the Marxist scenario of social change which ushers in a period of social revolution and a growing class struggle. It also explores how there are significant differences between this and the theoretical model espoused by the exponents of post-industrialism.]
Outline
Technological Determinism
Lean Production
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Robert L. Heilbroner in his Business Civilisation in Decline defined its core features as: the growing predominance of the tertiary (services) sector over the primary (agriculture and mining) and secondary (manufacturing) sectors of the economy; increasing emphasis on the role of knowledge-based inputs and education; and, finally, a decrease in the highly polarised class conflict of traditional (industrial) capitalism with the emergence of less hierarchical organisational structures more suited to the socio-economic environment of the late 20th century."
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Post-Industrial Society, 2002.
An examination of the changes in society as it moves from industrial to post-industrial.
2,850 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses the post-industrial society and the transition process from industrial to post-industrial society. By using the articles and the ideas of Castells, Bell, Negri and Hardt, the writer explains how the post-industrial society has emerged, and predicts the shape of post-industrial society in future. The writer also tries to construct his own point of view about the post-industrial society and explains the reason why he calls post-industrial society a digital society.
From the Paper
"Post-industrial society is a conception of late 20th century, which simply emphasizes the declining dependence of the societies on mass manufacturing industry and the increasing roles of service sector, knowledge and information technologies in production. By contrast the industrial society, which precedes post-industrial society, refers to the mass production (factory-based) as the dominant form of production. I think the best definition regarding post-industrial era has come from Daniel Bell, who is also considered as the father of post-industrial society. He suggests that post industrial society includes the birth and growth of a knowledge class, change from goods to service sectors and change from blue-collar to white-collar occupations. For him, all of these could be based on an increasing dependence on science as a means of innovation as well as a means of technical and social change."
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The Implications of a Post-Industrial Economy, 2006.
An attempt to understand the evolution and origins of the post-industrial era.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the post-industrial era is not merely a buzzword that conjures up images of skyscrapers, office cubicles and white-collar employees living the life. However, the sociological ramifications reach beyond these superficial images. This paper tries to understand the evolution and origins of the post-industrial era and delve into the effects of this type of economy on the constituents of this work force, their lifestyle and the surrounding community.
From the Paper
"Over the centuries, man has continually developed collectively. The first small communities as nomadic foragers and hunters were primarily concerned with survival. These communes essentially lived day to day and sought protection in numbers not from other communes, but from inherent dangers in nature such as predators. Their numbers also meant more success in hunting."
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Organizational Theories And Structure In Post-Industrial Era, 2002.
Discussion of the origins and contributions of the postmodern or post-industrial organizational theories.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Organization theory and structure have gained tremendous attention in the past two decades as world changes forced management gurus to find out what kind of organizational structure was required to extract maximum productivity. Social, political and cultural changes have contributed towards formulation of better organizational theories. While each theory claimed to possess a new meaning, they were all based on similar ideas and thus twenty years hence, they would all come to be labeled as postmodern or post-industrial organizational theories. These theories have helped in identifying the factors, which are leading to change, in organizations.
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Post-Industrial Society, 2002.
A discussion of Daniel's Bell's beliefs about post-industrialism.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Daniel Bell's belief that our society is in many ways most accurately defined as a post-industrialist one. The author investigates Bell's beliefs and gives reasons why they are and are not convincing. This essay trieds to understand the way in which our society is structured in terms of its having developed from a traditionally industrialised society.
From the Paper
"Daniel Bell, a post-Marxist sociologist who is probably best known for his 1976 treatise The Coming of the Post-Industrial Society (which was reissued in 1999 with a new preface by the author in which he comments on the ways in which his work has held up to the changes in society that occurred during the intervening generation) believes that our society is in many ways most accurately defined as a post-industrialist one. That is, we can best understand the economic underpinnings of our lives (as well as the political and social structures of our lives) if we seek to understand the way in which our society is structured in terms of its having developed from a traditionally industrialised society."
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The Airline Industry Post Deregulation, 2006.
A look at the airline industry after it was deregulated as well as an argument in favor of a mild form of regulation.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the airline industry within the US from the perspective of post deregulation. The reasons underlying the shift to a deregulated environment are examined in detail as are the competitive forces of supply and demand as they relate to price elasticity. Finally, the overall economic model governing the industry post-deregulation is discussed and is followed by several conclusions and a recommendation supporting some form of mild regulation of the industry.
From the Paper
"The airline industry has long been a dynamic and vibrant industry and one that has proved problematic to quantify in real terms from an economic perspective. The airline industry was deregulated in the United States (US) officially in 1978 with passage of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 passed by the US Congress (Dilger, 2003, p.46). The reasons for deregulation were varied but they primarily revolved around economic issues. While the airline industry might not have been a true monopoly in that there were a variety of industry competitors, it tended to behave monopolistically in the sense that it, in effect, was an oligopoly."
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Post-Modernism, Post-War Critical Theory and Marxism, 2003.
A comparative analysis of post-modernist theories with post-war critical theory.
3,148 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper embarks on an examination of the work of post-war critical theorists Adorno, Horkheimer and Marcuse who capture the dominant themes of post-war Critical Theory well. It proceeds to show how many parallels are evident between post-war Critical Theory and the more recently formulated postmodernist theories. An examination of postmodernist theories then ensues, taking as exemplars the work of Baudrillard, Jameson and Harvey. It concludes by arguing that postmodernist theories do indeed revisit the critique of modern culture, which post-war Critical Theory began and they do so without the political commitment to Marxism. An explanation for this follows, discussing the events which ?shattered a whole generation of French intellectual?s beliefs in the moral supremacy of Marxism? and sheds light on the climate which ultimately paved way for the emergence of postmodernism.
From the Paper
"Advertising encourages individuals to view themselves primarily as consumers, and under the guise of entertainment, audiences are manipulated into accepting and conforming to existing society. Kellner captures this sentiment well claiming ?advertising progressively fuses in style and technique with the entertainment of the culture industry, which in turn can be read as a series of advertisements for existing society and the established way of life? (1989:33). The culture industry is designed to discourage individuals from challenging the given order, to think critically and indeed, think for themselves. ?The need, which might resist control, has already been suppressed by the control of individual consciousness? (1995: 121). Adorno and Horkheimer show how the products of the culture industry are similar to those produced in a factory, sharing their belief that ?under monopoly all mass culture is identical?. (1995: 121)."
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German Capitalism, 2004.
An analysis of the influences on post-WWII capitalism in Germany.
1,729 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how German capitalism from the Second World War until the present has been strongly influenced by West Germany's commitment to a social market economy, East Germany's ties to the Soviet Union, and reunification in 1990. It looks at how, as WWII ended, Germany saw itself divided into East and West Germany and how, with the unification of East and West in 1990, the large and powerful German economy has continued to struggle with unemployment and the modernization and integration of the East German economy.
From the Paper
"In West Germany, the stable and orderly political climate translated into a largely stable and orderly economy. The years from 1948 to 1960 were characterized by generally solid growth in the economy. One problem was a shortage of capital, tackled by the government in three ways: 1) expansionary monetary policy, 2) the creation of tax incentives for saving, and 3) governmental investment planning. A number of income tax reforms took place from 1948 to 1955, while Tax Law Adjustment Acts of 1948 and 1948 were created to bring tax cuts for the creation of capital. In terms of investment planning, the government focused on mining, energy and steel. During the years from 1948 to 1950 foreign trade increased a stunning 84.4% per year."
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Future Of Capitalism, 1996.
Reviews work by Lester C. Thurow on need for reform of capitalism in post-communist global economy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Capitalism, the economic system and social order which governs the United States, has survived communism and fascism to become the only viable system currently in operation in the world. There are a number of reasons for this, but Lester C. Thurow suggests that capitalism as we know it must also undergo significant alteration in order to meet the needs of the new world order. This research considers Thurow's argument as put forth in the Future of Capitalism.
What is Capitalism?
Two features distinguish capitalism as a system, and are key to understanding how it functions. First, some people own the means of production, the factories and offices, the tools and equipment, the financial capital for investment, while others (workers) sell their labor..."
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From Socialism to Capitalism, 2002.
This paper discusses the transition from centrally planned socialism to market capitalism in post-communist Russia.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the debate was over whether to go fast or slow. The author points out that there was a serious question about whether rapid change was the best option, or whether a more gradual approach would be better.
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?The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?, 2005.
This paper discusses Max Weber's "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism", which theorizes on the role of religion in the emergence of capitalism in early modern Europe.
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in his seminal work "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism", Max Weber provided a new perspective of the emergence of capitalism by asserting that what made Europe or the Occident develop into a capitalist economy was because the majority of its people observed the Protestant ethic as their way of life, rationalizing that people's everyday actions are a pre-requisite for a society to develop into a capitalist economy. The author contends that the development of capitalism in early modern Europe was the result not only of Protestantism but also of Catholicism. The paper states that the generalization that religion had become the catalyst for capitalism to flourish in the continent is supported by the fact that religious institutions before and during the onset of capitalism have dominated the socio-political realms of Western societies, leaving no doubt that they also control the economic activities and institutions present in the society.
From the Paper
"Indeed, capitalism is "a very complex system of institutions, highly rational in character and the product of a number of developments peculiar to Western civilization." Those who are unable to adapt to these 'complex systems of institutions' and 'rational character' are bound to be left behind in the process, neither achieving development nor economic success. Moreover, those who are unable to adapt to this system are bound to maintain the "anxiety of not knowing" and "fear of damnation." Thus, in order to be included in the capitalist economic system, one has to integrate himself/herself to these complex systems of institutions through labor and attain a rational character by conducting profit-making activities. Through labor and profit-making activities, one involves in the "spirit of capitalism" and accomplishes what Weber has termed as the Protestant ethic."
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The Evolution of Capitalism, 2007.
An analysis of Maximilian Weber's views on the origins of capitalism, based on his work "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism."
6,931 words (approx. 27.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 156.95
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Abstract
This paper explores Maximilian Weber's contribution to theories on the development of capitalism. It particularly bases its arguments on Weber's most controversial work, "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," written in 1905. The paper discusses Weber's thesis that religion is largely responsible for the different cultures and economic systems of Europe and the Orient.
Table of Contents:
Life Influences
The Connection between Capitalism and Calvinism
Weber vs. Marx
Understanding the Role of Religion
The Junker-Class
The Evolution of the Capital System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a feudal system there are no markets. Goods are produced for the individual's consumption and the rest goes to the nobles and King. The capitalist idea is based on the production of surplus. One takes what they need for their own use and then sells the rest for profit. Technology was its driving force in the production of surplus. Crop rotation helped farmers produce more than they needed and they began to sell their surplus in small town markets (Jupp, 2000). Prior to this system, the people were not allowed to trade, as they were not allowed to have surplus. There were laws that prohibited the pricing and trade of goods. Profit making was defined by the Catholic Church as evil and wrong, yet in the church appeared to be able to engage in this activity without worry."
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"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism", 2007.
This paper is a critical review of Max Weber's theory about the relationship of Protestantism and capitalism as presented in his book "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism".
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Weber believed that the way of life for Protestants, specifically Calvinism, encouraged the development of western capitalism, which he defined as the pursuit of profit and forever renewed profit. The author points out that Weber identifies two main characteristics of Protestant belief, which encourage the development of Western capitalism: predestination and worldly asceticism. The paper states that Weber indicates that such beliefs create a psychological state of mind, which pressures the Calvinists to lead a successful life, defined in terms of money. The paper relates that some critics argue that it was not religion, which encouraged the development of Western capitalism, but the social exclusion of Protestants from professions; therefore, business offers the Protestants a channel to overcome their persecution. The paper includes quotations.
From the Paper
"Weber found "Occidental" capitalism to be different from the "other" forms in many respects. Firstly, there was a lack of free labor in the "others" system. Secondly, household work and business work were not separated, as in the west. Personnel property was kept apart from corporate property, rational book-keeping techniques were used, and a rational legal and administrative system existed, which Weber believed played a role to limit speculative and opportunistic capitalism. Finally, Weber also acknowledged the role of technical advancement in playing its part to encourage the development of Occidental capitalism."
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Christianity and Capitalism, 2008.
Compares the way that capitalism and Christianity approach the goals needed to develop capitalism.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to demonstrate the ways that Christianity and Capitalism seek or reject common goals needed to develop capitalism. The paper also discusses the idea of Capitalism as a faith in and of itself. The author of the paper then makes the argument that collectivism/socialism create systems that do not meet the needs of all the people, and also frequently rejects religion out of hand, creating a situation where if needs are not being met no one has any incentive to correct it with charitable works.
From the Paper
"The sheer number of works that expand on and discuss capitalism, as it exists today and as it has evolved though the past, demonstrate a development that could be argued as the development of capitalism as its own brand of religion, rather than purely an economic form. It would seem that the only thing lacking it is a collective place of worship, though there are examples of that very thing in international conferences that further globalization, such as the World Bank and a growing number of Free Trade movements that espouse the virtues of capitalism to thousands of parishioners from all over the world."
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Marx?s Capitalism, 2002.
A discussion of Karl Marx?s theories on capitalism with a focus on the monopolization of capital.
2,850 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the beliefs of Karl Marx, the co-founder of communism and also a philosopher, revolutionary thinker and economist. It shows how he was a student of capitalism and his seminal thoughts on the dominant political economy of his time (and ours) are as relevant today as in the hey days of Soviet communism and its ascendancy in several parts of the world. It shows how his theories about the accumulation of wealth by the capitalist, the ?surplus value? and the monopolistic tendency of the capitalistic economy give us a perspective of capitalism that continues to make the works of Karl Marx relevant in a post-communist twenty-first century.
Outline
A Stage of Social Development
How Does Money Accumulate with the Capitalist?
Where Does the Capitalist Get the Capital in the First Place?
Why does the Laborer work for the Capitalist?
The Big Fish eat the Small Fish
Competition itself Breeds Monopoly
Political Influence of Large Corporations
Constant Improvement
The Rich get Richer
Excess Capacity: Looking for Space
Unemployment in Capitalist Societies: A Deliberate Ploy?
Will Capitalism Continue to Survive?
Constant Improvement
From the Paper
"The Marxist explanation of Capitalism is based on the surplus value provided by the laborer to the capitalist that lets him to accumulate capital and make his profit. The question, however arises that why does the worker work for the capitalist instead of working for himself and keeping the surplus value. Capitalism, by definition is a system in which the producers are the employees and do not have the means to own the equipment and material needed to produce the commodities. Although in certain societies and cases the workers may be forced to offer themselves as labor for the capitalists through coercion, more often than not, the conditions in most capitalist societies are such that the laborers? own equipment and other resources simply cannot compete with those of the capitalist."
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