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Pornography as Speech Act, 2006.
A look at pornography and the opinions surrounding this controversial issue.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of pornography, seen as one of the most controversial sexual issues in North America. The paper reports that a large part of the controversy is centered on the battle between individuals who argue that pornography is an oppressive activity that subordinates women and advocates of free-speech. The topic is complex and charged with emotion.
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The Regulation of Pornography and Child Pornography, 2001.
A discussion of the regulation of pornography on the internet.
9,220 words (approx. 36.9 pages), 48 sources, $ 190.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two different issues within one context, the Internet: the regulation of harmful content such as pornography and regulation of illegal content such as child pornography. The paper also examines the current initiatives to regulate the availability of illegal and harmful content on the Internet. The paper then proposes a multi-layered' solution for the regulation of pornographic content on the Internet. "
From the Paper
"Pornography has been the most controversial topic arising from the use of the Internet in recent years. Its availability on the Internet has caused fear and a 'moral panic' among the government, law enforcement bodies such as the police, prosecutors and judges together with the media in general. There is no settled definition of pornography in a multi-national environment such as the Internet and cultural, moral and legal variations all around the world make it difficult to define 'pornographic content' in a global society."
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Hate Speeches: The Right to Freedom of Speech, 2001.
A look at freedom of speech with respect to 'hate' speeches' and whether or not these speeches are protected under the First Amendment.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author argues that ?hate speeches?, however abhorrent, should be protected by the U.S. Constitution, that in the interest of free speech, they should be allowed. He suggests that this is synonymous with American freedom and refers to some specific examples in order to assess whether hate speeches should be protected under the First Amendment. The author contends that as long as we are free to judge the importance of what is being said for ourselves, then words should never be banned.
From the paper:
?Words are serious, not because they have any direct effect in their own right, but because words, and the ideas they express, are what we use to weigh up our own decisions, their likely effects, and our responsibilities. Words have consequences only if we choose to give them consequences.?
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Gay Speech, not Hate Speech, 2008.
A discussion on the use of word forms specifically constructed for recognition by gay and lesbian groups.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how language serves a purpose to the gay and lesbian community to assist them in recognizing themselves as a group in a world of opposition and ridicule of their status. The paper quotes several words and descriptively explains how the word is utilized in gay society. The paper then summarizes the situation with examples on how language has been used negatively with the resultant necessity for this group to formulate their own vocabulary.
From the Paper
"This usage appears to have grown out of political activism. The need to combat homophobic oppression - including internalized homophobia - was perceived, and a concrete way of doing this was to hold a public parade in which pride in one's alternative sexual orientation was expressed. Out of this activity, the word "pride" acquired a whole new meaning - a meaning that is useful for this community in overcoming the societal prejudices it has to deal with."
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Pornography in Canada, 2002.
A summary and critical evaluation of the article "Pornography, Censorship, and Obscenity Law in Canada"by Leo Groarke.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 1 source, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Leo Groarke, in his article "Pornography, Censorship, and Obscenity Law in Canada," presents an analysis of the issues of censorship, pornography and their co-existence with the principles of free speech and freedom of expression, in Canada and the United States. This analysis explores these issues from a primarily Canadian perspective, beginning with an analysis of the philosophical and theoretical foundations of these issues and extending this to their application in case law and legislation. Within this context, Groarke argues that while proposed legislation in Canada with regard to pornography and freedom of speech are flawed in that they do not take into account the complexities of these issues, it is nonetheless possible to reconcile restrictions on access to pornographic materials while still maintaining the principle of freedom of thought, speech and expression in our society.
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Censoring Pornography, 2003.
This paper discusses the controversial topic of pornography and argues that not all pornography is obscene.
2,395 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial subject of pornography as both an emotional subject and one that deals with morals, privacy, and the 1st Amendment. This paper discusses two extreme views about pornography. One stance takes the side for pornography, defending the naked body as art, or an expression of passion between two people, a venue of materials, which is meant for adults. The other case argues that pornography is sick, immoral, obscene, and to an extreme, some believe it should be illegal. By reading this paper, the author hopes to prove that not all pornography is obscene, and perhaps should be given a second chance.
From the Paper
"This fundamental argument is what will keep people in a disagreement on pornography forever. But what people need to understand is that everybody has the right to view what the want to view, whether is be obscene or not. Just as people have their rights to view it, people have their rights not to view and to not be forced to watch it. This is why playboy TV and the spice channel and shows such as red shoe diaries, are all on pay channels, which a person makes a choice to subscribe to. Just as Hustler, Cheri, Penthouse, and other adult publications are ordered by choice, and by law are mailed in black plastic bags, and in this manner everybody is protected under the first amendment. People who are pro censure have been protected, they are not forced to view it, and the choice to view or not to view is preserved. On the topic of age limits, there may be some common ground among censures and pornographers. They will agree that interior of specialty stores such as Le Sex Shoppe be blocked from view from outside, liquor stores choosing to carry adult magazines stock such materials in a blocked adults only section, and the sale of pornographic materials may be made only to adults ages 18 and over. But still many people will argue that the only solution to pornography is that it be banned all together."
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Pornography, 2005.
This paper argues that pornography has a negative effect on society.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since the rapid popularity and use of the internet in the United States and around the globe, pornography and the viewing of pornography on-line seems to have mushroomed tremendously, resulting in more violence, less general empathy and understanding and a general moral decay of the principles and ideals which make up a civilized society. The author points out the dangers of child pornography, violent pornography that shows rape and violent acts toward women and pornography based on a dominant/submissive theme, whether geared toward men or women. The paper relates that studies show that men who are relatively at high risk for sexual aggression are more likely to be attracted to pornography and to become more aroused and more disposed to act aggressively toward women and even children.
From the Paper
"Another researcher, Catherine Helen Palczewski, notes that more and more women believe that pornography berates and belittles women, and that "pornography is the ideology of a culture which promotes and condones rape, woman-battering, and other crimes of violence against women." Thus, this prevalent aspect of pornography leads to a general degrading of women and a societal acceptance of that degrading as a norm. This is illustrated by many other forms of media, from advertising to film and television, where often the women are portrayed as little more than sex objects."
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The Issue of Pornography in Society, 2004.
An examination of the effects of pornography on modern-day society.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
Pornography has been a topic of heated debate in this country for decades. It is an issue that deals with freedom of speech and what is considered ?decent? by many Americans. Many consider pornography degrading toward women, although many women freely participate in pornographic activities. The Internet poses many problems concerning this issue, with the exploitation of children being at the forefront of many legitimate concerns. This paper examines both sides of the issue and the complications that arise when considering the controversial issue.
I. Introduction
A. The Business of Pornography
B. National Sales
II. Definition of Pornography
A. Joseph Slade Defines Complexity of the Term Pornography
B. Obscene versus Erotic
C. Supreme Court Definition of Obscene
III. Pornography and Exploitation of Women
A. Ann Garry?s Position
IV. Child Pornography
A. The Internet?s Influence on Child Pornography
B. Laws Pertaining to Child Pornography
C. Philip Jenkins?s Position on Child Pornography
V. Conclusion
A. Education and Fair Application of Law
From the Paper
"William F. Buckley, in an article published in the National Review, points out that journalist Frank Rich wrote an article that uncovered the huge moneymaking business of pornography. The figures he reported, according to Buckley, ?astonish?. From the article ?$4 billion a year is spent on video pornography, that this sum of money is greater than what is spent on major league baseball? (Buckley). Surprisingly, pornography is a business that outsells professional baseball. Buckley also adds that people rent 700 million porn movies every year and that Americans pay more money for pornography than they do for ?non-adult? movies. In a striking comparison, Buckley says that every year, 400 regular movies are produced and 11,000 porn movies are produced. (Buckley) That was in the early 90s. In his book, Pornography in America: A Reference Handbook, which was published in 2001, Joseph Slade reports that although most Americans won?t admit to participating in pornography, they spend ?somewhere between $8 billion and $10 billion a year on sexual representations of some sort? (Slade 3) In a bizarre comparison, Slade also notes that Americans spend $36 billion on fast food hamburgers. Clearly, these figures indicate that the business of pornography is growing by leaps and bounds."
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Helen Longino's "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom", 2008.
This paper rejects Helen Longino's position on pornography as presented in her work, "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look".
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Helen Longino argues in her article "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look" that pornography by its nature is harmful to women and should be controlled and eliminated. The author maintains that Longino bases this position on tenuous distinctions between pornography and erotica and on the liberal use of universal claims about the effect that pornography has on women and their place in society. The paper contends that, despite her superficially well-reasoned article, a closer examination of Longino's claims and analysis reveals problems that undermine her argument. The paper then asserts that pornography cannot be considered necessarily and categorically harmful to women. The paper concludes that the marginal harm that pornography might cause in isolated incidents is not great enough to justify banning pornography and restricting this form of sexual expression.
From the Paper
"Longino argues that these harms are cause enough to invoke laws and regulations that would limit freedom of expression and sexual expression. But are these harms entirely plausible? Is the potential for these harms to be realized justification enough to ban pornography. F.M. Christensen would say no, that efforts to ban pornography through limitations on freedoms--especially freedom of expression--is reprehensible and much more harmful to society than the potential ills of pornography. On this point, I agree with Christensen."
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Pornography and Its Impact on Civil Society, 2001.
An argument which examines the pornographic industry and issues surrounding pornography and concludes that pornography has the power to poison hearts and minds.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper is an argument against pornography, as the author asserts that pornography destroys marriages, families, and individual lives. The issues are examined under the following titles: Sexual Instruction, Promoting Rape, Shattering A Child s Innocence, Intimacy and Addiction, Hiding Behind The First Amendment.
From the Paper
"But an analytical look at the impact of pornography on our society suggests that sexually explicit images have far graver ramifications than most people would ever suspect. Studies link pornography to sexual dysfunction, rape, child molestation, and many other socially destructive behaviors. "
Plag
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Internet Pornography, 2002.
The paper examines the topic of Internet pornography, looking at the opinion of the Supreme Court, the issue of free speech and the possibility of legislation regulating the topic.
1,143 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the opinion of the Supreme Court that the internet is a protected area, and the difficulty involved in creating legislation to protect children from viewing pornography without violating people's constitutional right to free speech. It also explores the issue of whether just parents or also the government should bear responsibility for protecting children from the dangers of internet pornography.
From the Paper
"The Supreme Court seems to be in favor of this opinion, saying that, while Internet Pornography should not be banned, it should be regulated to help keep children from accessing it accidentally while looking for something else. This is one of the biggest fears of lawmakers, because there are quite a few angry parents out there whose children have seen something obscene on the Internet unintentionally (Walsh, 2001). Ironically, many of these parents don't want to give up the right to view this kind of material on their own, but they want to make sure that their children can't see it. This is extremely difficult, and in some cases almost impossible, to do."
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Politics and Pornography, 2002.
The paper proposes that pornography, by definition, is something that goes counter to society?s standards of what is acceptable, so when it comes to issues of law, pornography cannot be considered in isolation from its greater culture.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a history of pornography and explains that before the 1800's the purpose of pornography was to criticize individuals in power, using pornographic images as the vehicle. The paper then discusses the regulation of pornography and how the original intention was to protect society from moral corruption by restricting access to it. The paper also discusses the connection of pornography to violence against women and children. The paper demonstrates how community standards have changed.
From the Paper
"Recently, the owner of a video store in conservative Provo, Utah, was put on trial for selling obscene materials because of the sexually oriented videos his store carried The prosecutor assumed that in his community such films met the Miller test, including the requirement that when local ?contemporary adult standards? were applied, these films were not acceptable 4(). While more than 4,000 people signed a petition demanding that the defendant, Larry W. Peterman, be charged and tried, Peterman?s lawyers researched who was renting these films. They found that Peterman had more than 4,000 customers for the videos."
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Virtual Child Pornography, 2003.
Discusses the issue of free speech in relation to child pornography.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at interpretations of the First Amendment and the issue of sexually explicit material involving actual children. It looks at the Supreme Court's modification of the federal Child Pornography Act regarding the production of virtual pornography.
From the Paper
"Virtual Child Pornography
The First Amendment prevents the federal government from making any law that inhibits Americans' freedom of speech. However, since that amendment was ratified in 1791, the United States Supreme Court has interpreted the ..."
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Catharine MacKinnon on Pornography, 2007.
A discussion of Catherine MacKinnon's opinions on pornography as expressed in her well-known essay on this subject.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and reviews Catherine MacKinnon's perspective on pornography as expressed in her essay "Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech." The paper's author agrees with many of MacKinnon's views on pornography, yet does not accept them all. The reviewer does not feel that all pornography should lose its protected status under the First Amendment to the Bill of Rights. The paper further discusses MacKinnon's views of pornography which are based on her feminist outlook. The reviewer concludes that while some of MacKinnon's arguments are valid, others seem extreme.
Outline:
What Catharine MacKinnon Has to Say
Work Cited
From the Paper
"In a more understandable and non-cryptic paragraph on the first page of her essay, MacKinnon says that feminism is the "first theory, the first practice, the first movement," to really take the situation of every woman "seriously." Feminism, she explains, looks at the position of women's social life "as a whole," which is the first time the women's legal and social views have been put forward as a theory of humanism. "
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Pornography Through the Eyes of Karl Marx, 2006.
An analysis of pornography as a phenomena of exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie.
2,984 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper proposes that pornography, although thousands of years old, has evolved in the past decades as a reaction to the rise of feminism and racial equality. The paper uses the Marxian concept of "ideology", which it defines as beliefs used to justify social stratification, to define pornography within the context of white, male wielders of power. The paper cites feminist Andrea Dworkin's view of sex as a form of victimization of the socially inferior. It presents Naomi Wolf's view of the sex industry as an economic exploitation of women, and makes use of her view of the beauty industry as another source of exploitation to expand its definition of pornography, and cites numerous examples from mainstream women's magazines to support that claim. The paper reviews the history of the women's movement's struggle against pornography, and includes examples of feminist campaign literature targeting pornography. The paper presents the claim that pornography leads to racism, as well as violence against women. It views as sexist the laws which deem all phallic imagery illegal, but classify depictions of female erogenous zones as legal, comparing them to Nazi tactics to dehumanize Jews. In conclusion, the writer feels that Karl Marx, had he not focused solely on economics, would also have seen pornography as a form of subjugation of women by white men, and that women will never be able to express their true sexuality and nature of femininity until negative images in pornography are eradicated. NOTE: This paper includes graphic pornographic images as examples in two appendices and on the title page.
From the Paper
"Pornography is a Greek word that now means, "writings, pictures, etc. intended primarily to arouse sexual desire." (6) However, it was derived from the Greek stem, porne, meaning a harlot who was to serve as a man's sexual slave. The inequalities of patriarchy have obviously changed from ancient Greek times; however, the image of a woman serving a man sexually is still very ubiquitous in pornographic literature. Is this detrimental to the status of women in society? Most feminist thinkers say yes."
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