| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "POLITICS FERTILITY CONTROL": |
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"The Politics of Fertility Control", 2004.
This paper presents an examination of a book called "The Politics of Fertility Control" by Deborah R. McFarlane and Kenneth Meier.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper explores several aspects of the book, including the context of the book in light of reviews, its impact on the public opinion, and other aspects. It summarizes the book, which provides an exploration into the history of birth control practices around the world.
From the Paper
"Throughout time, decisions about fertility control have been based in societal acceptance, religious allowance and political rhetoric. The fads that come and go often rest squarely at the foot of political climates which are often driven by religious pressures as well as public opinion. The political strength that decisions about fertility control carry should not be ignored. It is a field and topic that has been studied for many years and continues to be scrutinized. At first glance it can look like a convoluted mess, but on second pass the politics of fertility control can be clearly located and defined. Authors Deborah R. McFarlane and Kenneth J. Meier examined and wrote about the process and elements in a book called The Politics of Fertility Control: Family Planning & Abortion Policies in the American States."
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The Effect of Education Attainment on Fertility, 1995.
This paper examines the effect of female and male educational attainment on fertility: Fertility rates in U.S. and world, theory, economic, developmental and ethnic issues and population growth. Tables.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 17 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the effect of educational attainment on fertility. Following this introduction, literature is reviewed and data are presented to illustrate what is known about this relationship. The gaps in the knowledge of the relationship between educational attainment and fertility are then identified. Lastly, the feasibility of conducting additional research to develop the information necessary information to close the knowledge gaps is discussed.
Current Knowledge of the Educational Attainment/Fertility Relationship
Conventional wisdom in both sociology and economics holds that the fertility rate declines as female educational attain ... "
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Religion as a Determinant in Fertility, 2007.
A look at how religion affects birth and fertility in married or paired women throughout the world, with a focus on Austria, India and Canada.
4,777 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study with the hypothesis that religion accounts for, in large part, the number of children born to a woman. It looks at how most studies have found that women's fertility rate is determined by religion and other variants, sometimes equally, such as cultural, socioeconomic, age at time of birth, education, income and urban or rural position.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Socioeconomic Factors on Fertility Rate, Compared to Religion
Religion as a Factor in Fertility Rates Among Hindus and Muslims
Rural and Urban Effects on Fertility
Fertility Decisions and Desires in Bangladesh
Effect of Religion through Fertility Norms and Possibility of Dissolution
The Relationship Between Religion And Fertility: Evidence From Austria
The Religious Denomination Factor in Fertility in Canada
Results of the Multivariate Analysis
Discussion
Summary and Suggestions
Hypothesis
Data
Analysis of the Data
Discussion
Summary and suggestions
From the Paper
"After economic standing, a study by Lutz attempts to account for the effects of culture and religion on fertility rates. This study tries to assess the effects of culture and religion on fertility after accounting for a country's socioeconomic standing. Estimates for covariance models are analyzed for 128 countries between 1950 and 1975. The gross reproduction rate is the dependent variable and independent variables are infant mortality rates, aggregate standing of female education and gross domestic product per person. Categorical variables for religion and cultural region are taken into account as well. Surprisingly, even though socioeconomic standing is higher, European countries have lower fertility rates than Arab countries. Culture and religion have a measurable effect on fertility and in Arab countries it is positive. "
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Japan's Fertility Rate Problem, 2005.
This paper relates that Japan's declining fertility and negative population growth could potentially cause more damage than the slowing of the Japanese economy.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that experts have many theories on the dropping fertility rates in Japan: (1) People of Japan presently have stopped making families, (2) the large percent of elderly will become a burden, (3) the women's rights movement is a key reason, and (4) a change of attitude among young people, women in particular, that values such as marriage, divorce, and helping the elderly are not important. The author points out that, if marriage rates go up, and more people are getting married, then the fertility rates are bound to go up. The paper states that the U.S. had a similar fertility problem in the 1980s, but labor imported directly into the United States economy helped solve the fertility problem.
From the Paper
"The main problem with a declining fertility rate is what happens when the society becomes disproportioned with the much larger amount of elderly that will be present in Japan. Putting the situation into simple terms, each woman in Japan must give birth to an average of two babies in their lifetime. At a current rate of 1.38 added with the long life span of the Japanese people it is easy to see the problems that will arise. Also, adding to the problem that will leave the elderly with no support is the fact that Japan has very strict immigration laws that do not allow foreigners to help stabilize the birth rates. The main problem within the economy will be the pensions for the elderly that will not be there. Every generation in Japan has a responsibility to the generation before them to help with many things."
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Fertility in Third World Countries, 2003.
An analysis of the fertility rate in Third World countries.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the fertility rate in Third World countries and its impact on consumers and laborers in both developed and Third World nations. The paper discusses the declining fertility rate world wide, and U.N. population projections. It includes an outline.
From the Paper
"A Expanding world population with declining average fertility rates B The majority of the world's population and the highest fertility rates are in the Third World ..."
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Capitalism and Fertility, 2002.
An examination of labor force reproduction in post-war Canada with the incorporation of women into the paid work force and its impact on fertility rates.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay will examine this process in Canada with a specific focus on the incorporation of women into the paid work force and the impact of this upon fertility rates in Canada. It will be argued that the interrelationship between processes of capitalist production and biological reproduction are complex, as they involve a variety of contributing ideological and cultural factors that have led to profound demographic change in Canada.
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Determinants of Total Fertility Rate, 2006.
A quantitative analysis and a look at policy alternatives to the achievement of global population stabilization.
4,087 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
There has been a polarization of viewpoints on the most effective way to achieve population stabilization. On one hand are advocates of population control - those who believe that only direct interventions to 'control' fertility can slow down population growth. They believe that using coercion to force individuals to restrict family size is entirely justified. The paper shows that, on the other hand, are those who respect the rights and freedoms of individuals to exercise individual choices and act responsibly while making family decisions. They argue that assuring people access to decent healthcare, education and reproductive health choices will significantly reduce unwanted pregnancies and lower birth rates. The paper shows that, from this perspective, enhancing people's capabilities and women's, in particular, is the just way to stabilize a country's population. Caught in the complex web of moral, ethical and social discussions, policy makers and citizens need to have a better understanding of the relation between population growth and well-being of the individuals.
The paper includes many tables.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
World Trends
(1) African Region
(2) South-East Asian Region (SEAR)
(3) Western Pacific Region (WPR)
(4) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)
(5) Region of the Americas (AMR)
(6) European Region (EUR)
References and Bibliography
From the Paper
There has been a polarization of viewpoints on the most effective way to achieve population stabilization. On one hand are advocates of population control-those who believe that only direct interventions to 'control' fertility can slow down population growth. They believe that using coercion to force individuals to restrict family size is entirely justified. On the other hand are those who respect the rights and freedoms of individuals to exercise individual choices and act responsibly while making family decisions. They argue that assuring people access to decent healthcare, education and reproductive health choices will significantly reduce unwanted pregnancies and lower birth rates. From this perspective, enhancing people's capabilities, and women's in particular, is the just way to stabilize a country's population. Caught in the complex web of moral, ethical and social discussions, policy makers & citizens need to have a better understanding of the relation between population growth and well-being of the individuals. Coercive methods as a state policy for population control has most of the times been unsuccessful in democratic countries like India and has fetched public unrest. They also raise the issues of human rights and individual freedom. Coercion as a state policy has, however, succeeded in China (One Child Norm Rule). However, adopting the rights-based approach, I have tried to establish this relation in case of various regions of the globe. This paper addresses the issue of the trends and levels of fertility in various Regions of the World, as classified by WHO . Countries with fertility around or below the replacement level i.e. 2.1 currently hold over 40% of the world's people. Some of the regions like Africa and certain regions in Asia still have very high level of fertility. However, the factors contributing to the fertility are differently related in different regions. The paper has examined various cross-country data of 117 countries around the globe and has tried to identify the factors responsible for variations in fertility in different regions. The paper then attempts to identify the relevant policy areas to be addressed by the respective governments of the countries as per their national goals and population policies. However, before we consider the outcome of the data and analyze them, let us consider two basic questions. (1) Why is fertility declining in the developing world? (2) And why do some countries now have below replacement fertility? One of the major reasons for decline in fertility is the mortality decline at birth. The Summary Output of the correlation between Total Fertility Rate and Infant mortality is reproduced below. F 0.044217116 Regression Statistics T-critical 12.70620473 Multiple R 0.858068213 R Square 0.736281059 Adjusted R Square 0.73400762 Standard Error 0.831341089 Observations 118 ANOVA df SS MS F Regression 1 223.830253 223.830253 323.8622239 Residual 116 80.17084868 0.691128006 Total 117 304.0011017 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Intercept 1.57292125 0.119862012 13.12276692 1.13203E-24 Infant Mortality 0.036774037 0.002043437 17.99617248 2.29161E-35 There exists a strong correlation between infant mortality and TFR. The R-squared value is as high as 0.736. In other words, 73.6% of decline in fertility is explained by decline in infant mortality rate. The t-stat for Infant mortality 17.996 is well above the t-critical value i.e. 12.706. Hence, the relation is very significant. Moreover, the value of 'F' is very much higher than the FDIST value calculated above. Hence, the possibility of a higher F value (i.e. 223.83) by chance is negligible. Although declining infant mortality is one of the major factors responsible for decline in the TFR (Total Fertility Rate), another important factor affecting TFR appears to be the increase in the life expectancy at birth. The correlation of these two factors with TFR for 118 countries is as follows. Regression Statistics F 0.005936429 Multiple R 0.86310235 t-critical 4.30265273 R Square 0.74494567 Adjusted R Square 0.74050994 Standard Error 0.82111694 F Observations 118 167.9421613 ANOVA df SS MS Regression 2 226.4643036 113.2321518 Residual 115 77.53679813 0.674233027 Total 117 304.0011017 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat Intercept 3.43748058 0.950741713 3.61557775 Life Exp.(F) -0.0232654 0.011770755 -1.976546526 Infant Mortality 0.0300313 0.003963711 7.576562297 Here we can observe that these two factors taken together explain the 74.5% of the decline in fertility across the globe. However, the comparison of t-critical values with actual t-values shows that increase in life expectancy is not as significant as the decline in infant mortality is. This is because the infant mortality and life expectancy at birth are not completely independent of each other. However, a negative sign before the correlation coefficient of life expectancy suggests that TFR decreases when life expectancy improves. Confronted with a major fall in the death rates, no society can remain with a TFR of 5 or 6 live births for more than a few decades. Because more & more cohorts enter into working age group, which has a depressing effect on wages, no society desires a fall in quality of life by maintaining high rate of fertility. They may not accept the effect of decline in mortality rate as the cause for decline in fertility; they argue that they cannot maintain bigger families. However, it will be a fallacy to believe that decline in infant mortality rate alone is the cause for decline in fertility, although it remains the remote causal force behind all fertility declines. Many factors -social, cultural, economic-influence timing and speed of the fertility decline response in particular populations. The answer to the second question is that because of fertility decline, women increasingly started behaving like men i.e. in places where fertility is low, and life expectancy at birth is high, women are not confined to rearing children only. They are employed and participate equally in economic activities. The gender differentiation, as claimed by Dyson (2001), is blurred in the low fertility societies. Education has a very vital role to play once the fertility decline is set-in. We can observe that literacy is among the major causes for steeper decline in fertility rates and hence in some parts of the world the fertility has been pushed below the replacement level. Another result of lowering fertility is weakening of the institution of marriage in some of those societies. Hence, there are huge cultural differences across the different regions of the globe, as we will examine below in the paragraphs that follow. Regression Statistics F -chance 0.000807553 Multiple R 0.88890617 t-stat 3.182446305 R Square 0.79015419 Adjusted R Square 0.78463193 Standard Error 0.74805806 Observations 118 ANOVA df SS MS F Regression 3 240.2077433 80.06924775 143.085338 Residual 114 63.79335844 0.559590864 Total 117 304.0011017 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Intercept 3.87811429 0.870701114 4.454013242 1.9779E-05 Illiteracy(F) 0.02697635 0.005443407 4.955784499 2.5267E-06 Life Exp.(F) -0.0267386 0.010746329 -2.488159939 0.01428629 Infant Mortality 0.01631402 0.004549842 3.58562403 0.00049639 It can be seen from the above data that the rate of female literacy is highly and significantly correlated with decline in fertility. If we compare actual t-values with t-critical, we can observe that female literacy plays a more significant role in decline in fertility. Hence, the societies where the fertility levels are below the replacement level or where the decrease in fertility has been faster, both the factors viz. decrease in infant mortality and increase in female literacy have played the highest role. In advanced societies, women have become more equal to men than in the societies, which have lagged behind in one of the two factors. For example, in many South Asian countries, the female illiteracy has not come down substantially but they have seen reduced infant mortality, continue to have higher fertility rates. Hence, 'Female Literacy' is another very important factor affecting overall decline in the rate of fertility in many countries. Education of females gives an additional tool in the hands of females in making reproductive decisions. However, in many male-dominated societies, even now, the decision regarding the size of family is in the hands of the male members of the societies. Nevertheless, mortality decline and spread of education among females are not the only factors, which are responsible for decline in fertility. There are many other factors like reproductive health facilities available in the country (which depends to some extent on per capita expenditure on health), number of trained health workers available at village levels, nurses per 10,000 of population, percentage of females married in the age-group 15 to 19 years of age, maternal mortality etc. We will examine the effect of these factors on the TFR of the world as a whole (118 countries in the sample in the present study) and then we will examine which factors dominate in various regions of the world classified as per WHO classification. The classification of countries by WHO is based on the Global Disease Burden (GDB) regional classification. In this paper, the same classification is being followed & hence certain countries located in a particular continent may fall in a different WHO region, which may sometimes appear illogical. However, as the analysis made in the paper relates to demographics and health, the WHO classification of countries has been followed.
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Fertility Problems in the Philippines, 2003.
International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) policy in regards to improving the economic and social status of the Philippines.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of the lack of reproductive freedom in women in the Philippines. This is a problem of central concern for the country because it is imperative to the development of the economy and country as a whole for families to be planned and family sizes reduced to a manageable level. Women are currently having approximately 3.6 children, and the population is set to double within the next 25 years. The problem is also an urgent priority for the International Planned Parenthood Foundation because of a duty to provide care and support to those who do not have reproductive freedom. These women cannot choose when to have sex, let alone when to have children or how many. The first section of this paper provides an analysis of the root causes of reproductive servitude in the Philippines. The second section discusses the challenges to addressing the problem. The third section puts forth policy recommendations based on these challenges and where to renew the IPPF focus. The current policy has stalled and needs to rekindle the desire to plan families in the second fastest growing Asian country. The analysis concludes that the youth will need to be targeted, using field tactics and reinforcing the clinics already in place with necessary technology.
From the Paper
"?In the Second Session for the ICPD Preparatory Committee (in May 1993), the Philippines government strictly followed the Vatican?s orientation? (Correa 54). The next time they met for the Third Session, it was April 1994 and ?NGO?s were represented in the official Philippine delegation and the position shifted to support the reproductive health and rights framework? (Correa 54). Even though government policy may have shifted rapidly, real change takes much longer to take effect. Life in the slums of metro Manila have changed little over the past few decades, despite the advances in reproductive policy, including the creation of several family planning programmes sponsored by the government. ?The country has one of the highest population growth rates in Asia at 2.3 percent annually and an average population density which is nearly double the South-East Asian average and is exceeded only by that of Singapore? (IPPF Country Profile), so family planning has become a terribly important topic of interest. The population will likely double in the next quarter century, so we, as an international family planning front-runner, need to double our efforts as well in this country."
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Gun Control, 1989.
Discusses gun control as a means to control crime. Focuses on constitutional aspects, court decisions, statistics and attitudes of criminals.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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"Prior to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage - the British military Governor of the state - ordered that all private arms in Boston be deposited with the British magistrates, presumably to be stored and eventually returned to the owners. Many American citizens obeyed the order. They surrendered 1,778 muskets, 634 pistols, 973 bayonets, and 38 blunderbusses on the eve before British troops initiated their siege on the United States at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill (Halbrook, 1986, p. 151). Several years later, the event so impressed the framers of the new American Constitution that the "right to bear arms" was codified for all times in the Second Amendment.
However, the issue of gun control has reemerged in recent decades. Court interpretations of the Second Amendment have (...)"
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Effective Food and Beverage Cost Control, 2006.
An examination of basic hotel management food and beverage cost control techniques, including organization, profit planning, sales and break even analysis, menu pricing, food purchasing, storeroom control, food production, beverage and bar control laws.
2,999 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that the success of hotel's food service component depends in large part on effectively controlling costs, establishing timely budgets, and pricing goods as accurately as possible. It explains how, when properly managed, food service can be a major profit center for hotels today. In conclusion the paper shows that hotels that feature quality food service are well positioned today to reap the benefits of an American public that is increasingly seeking alternatives to fast-food establishments.
Table of Contents:
Overview of Basic Hotel Management Food and Beverage Cost Control Techniques
Organization
Profit Planning
Sales and Break-Even Analyses
Menu Pricing
Food Purchasing
Storeroom Control
Food Production
Beverage and Bar Control Laws
Food Service
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Organization. In virtually every type of organization, responsibility and accountability are inextricably related. According to Loren E. Newland (1997), "This concept is no less true in the lodging industry. For example, the food and beverage manager is responsible for ensuring that quality meals are served to guests. If guests are satisfied, the food and beverage manager receives the credit. If the guests express dissatisfaction with their dining experience, the same manager is subject to criticism" (45)."
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Management Control, 2002.
An analysis of the importance of management control through a sound theory of control and overall operating strategy.
2,730 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of management control to the running of any business and examines how the process of control has changed with the introduction of the internet. Factors affecting effectiveness of management control, elements of the control system, key management control activities and the Internet's effect on management control systems are detailed.
From the Paper
"Doing business is simply mathematics by other means ? all a question of keeping equations in balance on both sides. Labor must be balanced with capital. Resources with allocation. Customers with services or goods. Workers with rewards. The only way that such balances can be instituted and maintained is through a system of management control. At the heart of any well-run business operation is a sound theory of control and overall operating strategy. This paper looks at the importance of management control to the running of any business and examines how the process of control has changed with the introduction of the internet."
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Control Issues in Anorexia Patients, 2001.
A discussion of issues of control in anorexics and an analysis of the disorder.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper consists of the various ways that individuals with anorexia use forms of control to maintain their disease. Specific control issues discussed are control over previous sexual abuse, control over social ideals of thinness, control over narcissism, and control over food. The author briefly describes the disorder itself, then spends most of the paper discussing various types of control.
From the Paper
"Research has been done on the ways control is shown through the expression of anorexia. Studies have shown that many anorexic individuals try to exert control over their bodies through deprivation of food because they have very little control over any other aspect of their lives. The aspects of control can vary from individual to individual. Therefore one anorexic individual may have one or many aspects of control in his or her life that is related to the disorder. Finally, in addition to the various aspects of control, an anorexic individual may have obsessive-compulsive characteristics that accompany the disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its characteristics are more commonly found in individuals displaying the behaviors of anorexia than individuals with bulimia (Hall et al., 1992; Wonderlich, Swift, Slotnick, & Goodman, 1990; Rogers, & Petrie, 2001, p. 181). Another disorder that can coexist quite often with anorexia is depression."
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Population Control Trends in Asia, 2007.
An analysis of population controls trends in Asia and some programs that have been designed to address the need for population control in that region.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the reasons that population controls in Asia are necessary and highlights some programs that have been designed to address the need. The paper also presents several case studies that show both successes and failures in the region's attempts at population control. Finally, the paper determines the overall population control trends to date and suggests future efforts that can build upon work that has already been done.
Table of Contents:
Needs for Population Control
Attempts as Birth Control
China and India
Southeast Asia
Bangladesh
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The amazing economic development in countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore over the past fifty years has been accompanied by an intense interest on the part of governments in those nations in fertility issues. The nations experienced rapid population growth for much of the last century, but as much of that growth was driven by rapidly improved medical care and other aspects of development that worked to prolong life. The governments therefore implemented education policies designed to encourage people to wait until later in life to marry and to have fewer children. Such family planning worked to slow the fertility rates so that the population growths were slowed and eventually leveled. In other nations such as Vietnam and Laos, where economic development and education did not go hand in hand as expansively and rapidly, the population growth rates seem to have taken longer. This suggests that economic development can work to increase population, but that the growth can be curbed if it is coupled with social and education development, so that modernization is treated as a comprehensive program (Jones)."
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In-Vitro Fertilization, 2006.
A defensive examination of in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the technique of in-vitro fertilization, discusses basic reproductive science and describes all of the alternatives for increasing the chances of conception. The paper also discusses the conditions which cause infertility, the various infertility tests and conventional fertility treatments.. The paper then takes a look at the pros and cons of IVF, along with its successes and failures.
Outline
I. Introduction:
A. Infertility Definition.
B. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).
C. Ethical Bombshells and Pertinent Statistics on IVF.
II. The Process of In-Vitro Fertilization:
A. Suppression and Developing Eggs.
B. Retrieving Eggs.
C. Developing Embryos.
D. Transferring Embryos.
E. Preparing the Uterus.
F. Pregnancy Tests.
III. Fertility Options:
A. Fertility Drugs.
B. Intrauterine Insemination.
C. Microsurgery.
IV. Two Case Studies:
A. The Case of Charlie Whitaker--the decision to create human life to save another human life.
B. Aaron Zitner and questions on this case.
C. The Case of Joshua--using IVF to obtain bone marrow.
D. Questions on this case.
V. Conclusion:
A. The Present and Future State of IVF.
B. A Final Defense of IVF.
From the Paper
"Generally speaking, there exists four specific options which an individual/couple may use instead of in-vitro fertilization. First of all, some may opt for fertility drugs which affect the ovulation cycle and bring it up to par with normal processes. These drugs are usually superovulatory, such as Gonal F or Follistim which are given by injection and often require close monitoring. As a supportive note, this approach has succeeded in getting millions of women pregnant who otherwise never would have conceived in a natural way. Second, intrauterine insemination has been used for many years and is usually done by injecting semen directly into the uterus prior to ovulation. This is often done in tandem with superovulatory drugs in order to increase the rate of success.Third, for women with endometriosis or blocked fallopian tubes, microsurgery can often clear up the problem for a healthy pregnancy. However, the success rate is around fifty percent and even when successful, the fallopian tubes can at times become re-blocked which would require more surgery. Fourth, men who are found to be infertile due to blockages can receive microsurgery on the transport tube found in the penis. The effectiveness with this technique is also around fifty percent (Elder, 215).
Obviously, after all of this discussion, it is abundantly clear that in-vitro fertilization deserves to be considered by those individuals/couples who have experienced much difficulty in conceiving a child. "
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Management Control, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of management control within an organization.
2,346 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that organizational controls are aimed at achieving compliance between an organization's members and attempts to bring about desired outcomes in accordance to the organization's goals. The writer notes that managers within these organizations need to be aware of the importance of control and what forms of control are available to them. In addressing the topic of control, the author of this paper initially outlines the basic roles of a manager within an organization, and includes some examples. The author then looks at the importance of limits and boundaries within control to prevent confusion among employees. Next, the author explains a few of the different forms that organizations use to direct their employees and operations. It is then concluded that control is a very important part of an organization, which needs to be carefully addressed by the respective managers, as even too much control can have its problems.
Outline:
Introduction
Management and Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Policies and rules set out the expected behaviour from each individual and broadcasts where the company stands on a number of various issues. Some of these policies or rules may follow legislation or other requirements and may point out the company's values."
"Recruitment and training enables organizations to regulate the skills, abilities, values and motives of employees. This type of control attempts to align the goals of individual employees with those of the company and is used when outcomes or procedures are not easy to measure. This control gives organizations a chance to hire and keep good employees whilst training current employees in various areas to increase their potential."
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