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Modern Political Theory, 2004.
Examines Machiavelli's political theories and his influence on modern political theory.
2,877 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the central idea of Machiavelli's political theory as it is presented his book, "The Prince". The paper talks about what prompted Machiavelli to write the book, the four things Machiavelli said a prince must possess in order to conquer lands and become more influential, Machiavelli's philosophy on being evil and practicing violence, Machiavelli's views on how a leader should receive advice, and how an interloper should be treated.
From the Paper
"Machiavelli?s political theory is found in his book, ?The Prince? which offers sound political and military advice to those in power. He was deeply concerned about his country and wanted to find out what was it that had turned France into a great country. France was united under one Prince and had been one highly successful country. Machiavelli closely studied the French monarchy and some other great nations in ancient history and decided that if Italy wanted to succeed the same way, it was required to follow some of the principles described in his book ?the Prince?. It is important to make it clear that most of the views expressed in his book take readers by surprise, in fact they might shock him because of their rather audacious nature. But they are likely to leave a reader wiser and more equipped with skills needed to run a country because they are not based on emotions but common sense."
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The Political Theory of Niccolo Machiavelli, 2000.
Looks at the ideologies of Niccolo Machiavelli concerning political theory and the uses of dictatorships.
1,955 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political theory of Niccolo Machiavelli. The author deals with his theory and writings on the use of dictators during war times and the citizens rights.
From the Paper
"Niccolo Machiavelli?s ideology toward popular government can be seen as him being against a democratic form of government. He says that dictatorship works best because ordinary people do not have the ability to govern themselves. A dictatorship is necessary because thee Prince is able to instill fear in the people the threat of punishment exists which makes it easier to govern. Dictatorship allows the Prince to decide what is in the best interests of its citizens. ?Men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the Prince?A wise Prince must rely on what is in his power and not on what is in the power of others.? (Mc Donald, 1986)"
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Political Theory, 2007.
A review of the political theories of Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses the theories of both Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes in an effort to better understand political theory. The paper uses and explains direct quotes.
Outline:
Abstract
Machiavelli's and Hobbes' Perceptions of the Ruler
Political Philosophies of Machiavelli and Hobbes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hobbes stands in contrast to Machiavelli, at least on the surface, in terms of his theories on who should rule the state. Whereas Machiavelli advocates the ideas of absolute power, submission among subjects, and the gaining of authority through a display of force, Hobbes seems to be more attuned to the ideas of the nature of man to be essentially free, and the ruling of the state by a democratic type of a body, rather than a solitary dictator or despot. For example, one can consider the following quote from Hobbes: "The right of nature... is the liberty each man hath to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life." (Harrison, 2003, p. 67). In other words, Hobbes is saying that every person has within them certain rights, yearnings and liberties; as such, the individual is entitled, and indeed should, pursue their own interests and not be oppressed by rulers. Likewise, rulers should not attempt to force subjects into submission or to rule by intimidation or fear- for Hobbes, power must be earned and maintained through a level of fairness (Rogers, et al, 2000). Within this scope, the ruler should be motivated, in Hobbes' opinion, by serving the interests of the people over whom they govern. Likewise, the citizens would be involved in the political process, and the ruler, having earned the right to rule, would have the duty to effectively lead with conscience rather than sheer force."
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Society and Political Theory, 2004.
This paper discusses the relationship of the political theories of Machiavelli, Erasmus, and Norman Cohn to the society in which they live.
2,220 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, born into a time when self-serving aspirations in the name of the public welfare were the norm of public life, Niccolo Machiavelli wrote his two discourses on public government as a means of demonstrating the difference between moral and immoral governments. The author points out Erasmus taught that the moral being, which is the key to the understanding of a man?s character, is the same measure that should be applied to the measure of a political leader. The paper relates that, writing in the middle 20th century, Cohn?s work holds the skeptical perspective, which typifies his period by focusing on how prejudices and hatreds among the poor, especially against the Jews, the clergy, and the wealthy, were used by religious leaders in conjunction with the cultural apocalyptic expectations in order to give rise to mass movements that resulted in much mayhem and bloodshed.
Table of Contents
Niccolo Machiavelli
Erasmus
Norman Cohn
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the heart of the struggle across Europe was class struggle between rich and poor, between landowners and farmers who worked the land, or between poor and clergy. These ongoing struggles developed frequently into all out wars. Cohn follows the misapplied beliefs of the church, but fails to move beyond the tragic examples of those who would lead in the name of religion for their own purposed, to build a philosophy regarding how religious ethic can, and should form the mind of man in order to teach him how to lead for the benefit of others. Cohn does an excellent job of describing this process in detail and deals with much of the mysticism and religious beliefs surrounding it."
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Bush and Political Theory, 2002.
Examines the election of George W. Bush as American President within the context of ideas by political theorists such as Karl Marx.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that to follow the news since the election of George W. Bush as President of the United States is to find ample source material for a re-examination of the ideas of Karl Marx, Max Weber and Joseph A. Schumpeter. The author of this paper finds that modern America embodies, as no other socio-economic entity, the conflicting struggle of economic and political factions for their competing visions of capitalism, democracy and the concepts of economic democracy that lie at the basis of most socialistic schemes. The paper examines texts such as Karl Marx's "The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte", Weber's "The Puritan Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism" and Schumpeter's "Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy".
From the Paper
"Just as Marx's The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte analyzes the Revolution of 1848 in France with a penetrating dissection of the class interests of the various factions, it is possible to describe the rise of the oil cartel to the summit of national political power in the American election of 2000. The reaction of the Democrats, Ralph Nader's Greens, and the intellectual and corporate media to the pro-corporate, anti-environmental, anti-democratic tendencies of the Bush administration provide a parallel to the facts upon which Marx's historical analysis were based."
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Political Theory, 2005.
A discussion on how four political theorists conceptualize the role of government.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Edmund Burke, Jeremy Bentham, Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx. conceptualize the role of government and who governments should serve.
From the Paper
"Any number of philosophers modern and ancient alike have offered an examination on the role that government should play in social intercourse. In this essay the views of several such thinkers will be examined."
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Aristotle's Political Theory, 1994.
Principles & practices of political leadership, govt., democracy, justice and morality.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
" Aristotle presented in his works a compendium of the knowledge of his time and examined issues and facts to discover how things worked, what was believed about them, and also to separate this knowledge into categories. He did not do this simply as a compiler but filtered what he found through his own sensibilities and philosophical thought. He examined the different Greek states and the way these states were structured and how they operated, and from this he determined what sort of government would work best. He did this, however, based on his view of what the proper goal of a state should be. His major interest was in ethical philosophy, and the operation of the state thus was considered in terms of its goals or ends, known as the teleological approach. A democratic theorist would view politics in terms of some form of representative government, with.."
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Political Theories in Modern Society, 2002.
A comparison of the political theories of Toennies and Durkheim in modern society.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper will compare Toennies and Durheim with respect to what each implies or suggests as to the kind of politics possible today in complex modern societies. In doing so, a comparison of each man's analysis of the specific factors will determine the kind of politics each man takes to be possible. By analyzing these differing theories on politics in today's world, a well-balanced comparison can be achieved between these two men.
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Political Theories, 2005.
Examines similarities and differences in the political theories of Aristotle, Ibn Khaldun, and Machiavelli.
1,327 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Politics is a part of our lives, whether or not we are politically active, and this is precisely why numerous thinkers have written on the topic. This paper examines three of these political thinkers: Aristotle, an Ancient Greek philosopher; Ibn Khaldun, an Arab historian, philosopher, and sociologist; and Niccolo Machiavelli, an Italian political philosopher. The paper shows that, while these three thinkers come from different times and cultures, all recognized the importance of the relationship between the government and citizens, effectively stressed qualities of leadership as the key to the stability of that relationship, but offered very different interpretations of those qualities.
From the Paper
"Aristotle, the first of the three political philosophers to be discussed, was idealistic. According to Fred Miller in "Aristotle's Political Theory," Aristotle attempted to establish a theory of ideal government. The basis of his thoughts was that the citizens were the most important aspect of a political system. Hence, the satisfaction and happiness of a people with their form of government determined whether that government will be a successful and stable one or not. According to Aristotle, the ability of a government to protect its people and to ensure that the majority of the citizens are satisfied, depends upon the leader himself. That leader, if he is to be a good one, has to have the quality of virtue (Miller)."
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Three Political Theories, 2004.
This paper discusses three political theories, liberalism, realism, and historical structuralism, as systematic approaches to the analysis of decision making, economics, and policy.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Liberalism, which has its origins in the classical economics of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, sees the world in economic terms and seeks to pacify the political environment through trade. The author points out that Realists, formalized in the 19th century, instead seek to address political matters as they stand in terms of perceived national interest. Historical Structuralism, an anthropological approach that first became popular in France in the 1960s, holds that the very social context in which decisions are made dictates their nature, as a society?s ?deep structure? dictates the nature with which it sees the world.
Table of Contents
Liberalism
Realism
Historical Structuralism
From the Paper
"Realism isn?t always dictated by the self-interest of individuals; leaders may also act in the strategic interest of their country. This is seen as the justification for policies dictating the American ?containment? of communist influences following the establishment of the communist government in China. It is easy to see most spot political decisions, which have little or no bearing upon the lives of policy makers, as being the result of strategic thinking designed to reach an optimal outcome."
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Social and Political Theories, 2007.
This paper provides an overview of the critical race theory, the cultural studies theory and postmodern theory.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the critical race theory, cultural theory and postmodern theory. The paper compares and contrasts these social and political theories and concludes that they have each been important in explaining social ills and proposing solutions.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Critical Race Theory
Overview of Cultural Studies
Overview of Postmodern Theory
Social and Political Theories Compared and Contrasted
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Those who prescribe to critical race theory believe that racism is not aberrational, but is the daily experience of most people of color in the United States, serving a material and psychic purpose for those in the majority (Seidman, 2004). The obvious outcome is that racism is difficult to correct, because large majority segments of the population have little incentive to eradicate it. Molefi Kete Asante was the main proponent of Afrocentrism, which holds that "the African experience has produced its own unique values and societal perspectives" (Seidman, 2004, p. 232). He challenged the Eurocentric bias of Western knowledge and challenged Eurocentrism."
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Political Process Theories, 2004.
An examination of four different theories that describe the political process.
5,871 words (approx. 23.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper defines, analyzes, and discusses several theories that are applicable to the political process. It reviews literature that describes the Group Theory, Elite Theory, Public Choice Theory, and Game Theory.
From the Paper
"In the summer of 2001, a study was published (in The Western Journal of Black Studies) analyzing the Atlanta airport affirmative action controversy, which took place between the years 1973 ? 1980. The author of the article, Manley Elliott Banks II, used the ?dominant-subordinate group theory? to explain the structuring influences of race on the political behavior of the black and white leaders in Atlanta. ?Whites are the dominant group and blacks are the subordinate group,? Banks wrote. And white leaders, in the model, seek to ?maintain their dominance, while black leaders try to alter the subordination.? "
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Modern Political Theories, 2003.
A look at classical realism and complex interdependency theory in modern politics.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper exlores major tenets of classical realism and complex interdependency theory. It argues that classical realism does not provide adequate theories for modern politics because of the rise of nonstate actors, the decline in the importance of military force and the blurred boundary between domestic and foreign politics. Each weakness of classical realism is argued with a specific historical evidence. It also demonstrates how weaknesses of classical realism can be overcome by strength of complex interdependency theory.
From the Paper
"The traditional agenda of international affairs ? the balance among major powers, the security of nations ? no longer defines our perils or our possibilities. Now we are entering a new era. Old international patterns are crumbling; old slogans are uninstructive; old solutions are unavailing. The world has become interdependent in economics, in communications, in human aspirations. " Realist perspectives on politics have existed since Thucydides and have evolved through the work of scholars such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Rousseau. Tempered by two world wars, realism became the dominant discipline of international politics. Realism, focusing mainly on the roles of states and power in international politics, and elaborated by scholars such as Hans Morgenthau and John Herz, provides an effective frame for understanding international politics of the post world war era. However, witnessing tremendous incidents in international relations such as the Vietnam War, the oil crisis, the rise of a transnational advocacy networks, and the rapid post-war spread of multinational corporations, scholars have begun to realize that realism does not always provide adequate theory for every historical event. Consequently, they seek ?better? alternatives to realism. This search leads to two questions: in which areas is realism weak? And which alternative would be ideal for overcoming the weaknesses of realism? This essay will argue that classical realism, which is still crucial for understanding the concepts of power, national interests, and rationality, is particularly weak at accounting for changes in international politics such as the rise of nonstate actors, the decline in the importance of military force, and the blurred boundary between domestic and foreign politics. Nonetheless, the weaknesses of realism can be overcome, and it will be argued that an examination of the main tenets of both classical realism and complex interdependency theory reveals that complex interdependency theory provides a more adequate theory than does classical realism and can better account for the areas in which classical realism is weak. In order to clarify this argument, this essay will begin by describing the main tenets of classical realism and complex interdependency theory."
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Political Theories, 2007.
This paper looks at the pluralist and elite theories of power distribution.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the pluralist theory, which maintains that power is usually balanced out among competing factions so no one group or individual tends to dominate. The elite theory, on the other hand, which is commonly known as the power elite theory, argues against this decentralization model. It maintains that elite groups in the country have always dominated and thus power resides in the hands of a select few. The paper concludes that the elite power theory has more substance compared to the pluralist theory. The paper shows how it offers a sound analysis of power distribution in the US and helps us see how the fortunate few are dominating politics and the economy.
From the Paper
"Decentralization is believed to the main guiding factor behind the way in which accession to the Congress is granted. The House of Representatives allows each state the opportunity to send representatives accordance with their population. The state with higher population gets more seats in the House while those with lower population, as judged by the most recent Census, is allowed lower number of seats. However the same rule doesn't apply to Senate where each state gets equal number of seats regardless of its population. This was believed to be the best way of decentralizing power and dividing it among all factions and interest groups. This would indeed be the perfect pluralist model because laws are to be ratified by both the houses and this allows every group some say in the major issues facing the country."
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The Political Theories of Sigmund Freud, 2002.
Discusses Freud's "Civilization and its Discontents" and "Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis" in a political context.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Freud's impact is usually discussed in terms of our contemporary understanding of the individual and less so, the social. However, it is possible to examine Freud as a political theorist also, in terms of his vision of society and of what can go wrong at the group level. Freud's more political vision of humanity and the mind in a much changed 'modern' age is described towards revealing Freud the political theorist.
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