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Political Pressure and Social Research, 2003.
This paper examines the current ways governments and interest groups successfully restrict social research, particularly on controversial subjects such as AIDS, stem cell research, and cloning technology.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The first part of the paper examines current government regulations regarding social research, with a special emphasis on the ?Protection of Human Subjects? or The Common Rule. The second part of the paper examines the arguments from academic and research groups regarding these rules. In the last section, this paper looks at how these rules and regulations affect current research in the related areas of cloning technology, stem cell research, and fetal tissue research.
From the Paper
"The Common Rule, formally titled ?Protection of Human Subjects,? is part of the government?s Code of Federal Regulations. The Common Rule was issued in 1991 under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services, though earlier versions have been in existence since 1966. Seventeen federal agencies ? including the National Science Foundation, the Department of Education and the Department of Defense ? subscribe to the Common Rule and use this as the basic regulatory measure for any research involving human subjects that is funded by the federal government (45.CFR.46.111)."
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A Timely Subversion: The Role of Politics and Pressure in the Nazi Rise to Power, 2002.
A discussion of the book "The Nazi Seizure of Power" by William Sheridan Allen.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Allen's book "The Nazi Seizure of Power". It discusses the author's use of the town of Thalburg as a microcosmic example of German social and political realities.
From the Paper
"Following the end of World War I, the people of Germany felt the consequences of their loss coupled with the reverberations of the American stock market crash. The effects of the Great Depression only trickled down slowly to the small German town of ?Thalburg,? the fictitious name of a real town whose privacy William Sheridan Allen wishes to protect throughout his work, The Nazi Seizure of Power. Attempting a democratic state in early twentieth century Germany was difficult at best, futile at worst. Using Thalburg as a microcosmic example of German social and political realities, Allen describes the Nazi rise to power as a function and result of divisions among the general populace. ?In the wake of defeat came a revolution led by the working class which overthrew the Kaiser and established a republic in Germany,? (p. 8). However, Allen soon points out that ?the town (of Thalburg) soon became a relatively strong center for the violently rightist organization, Jung deutsche Orden?As in the Thirty Years War the town was rent by strife and inner cleavage,? (p. 8). This ?inner cleavage? was clearly represented by election statistics in 1925."
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Public Pressure and Politics, 2005.
A response to the public reaction against the closing of O.L. Slaton junior high school.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is a reaction paper to the actions of a number of students and parents in Lubbock, Texas, who opposed the closing of the O.L. Slaton junior high school. After investigation the author concludes that the political process is not entirely beyond the reach of the passionate individual, even in this day and age, however, it helps to have the cooperation of the media.
From the Paper
"Response to Public Reaction Against Closing O.L. Slaton The political process can seem too intimidating to get involved in. There is a contemporary kind of anathema regarding getting out there and getting involved in politics. A popular sentiment of laziness and feelings of inability to act in the face of the system dominate many people's reaction to personal involvement in the political process. I recently had a series of experiences that shook me from this political complacency when I attended a series of school board meetings in Lubbock, Texas and researched the background of the issue that was being discussed and argued at those meetings."
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Political Analysis and Political Philosophy, 2002.
A look at whether the problems of political analysis and political philosophy are distinct.
6,093 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
Political analysis and political philosophy are two human activities engaged in by men striving to know the world. The problems of political analysis and political philosophy rest on the problems concerning man?s knowledge of the world. The paper shows that such knowledge is the result of attempts to describe, analyze, explain and interpret the actions and beliefs of men as they live in the real, material world. This essay presents an argument against that school which would draw a sharp distinction between two sorts of knowledge, each type being the result of a separate and distinct activity. According to this school, political analysis is concerned solely with the identification and description of political phenomena. The paper explains that the problems of political analysis are, thus, said to be ?scientific? problems, directed towards the discovery of empirically testable scientific ?laws?. This essay shows that, despite its empirical orientation, political analysis is underpinned by a wider set of theoretical perspectives, such that analysis itself reflects elements of the observer?s political philosophy. The paper concludes that political analysis and political philosophy are intimately connected; many of the ?problems? are common to both. Each activity - analysis and philosophy - heightens the level of human knowledge.
From the Paper
"What is presented to the political analyst is a mass of apparently chaotic social phenomena; what Heinrich Rickert calls ?formless matter?. The task of the political analyst is to structure and give order to that part of reality he has chosen to explain. Already we have recognized two crucial problems for political analysis. The first arises from the necessity of selecting specific areas of reality for study. I shall discuss later the way in which a certain limited range of ?problems? present themselves for the political analyst?s particular concern. The problem-field is limited in such a way that the possibilities for different accounts of politics is itself restricted. The task of political analysis is also complicated by the fact that knowledge of the world is not immediately attainable; understanding is mediated through mental constructions and elaborations (language, concepts and constructed arguments) of real, observable situations and events. Thus, Aron says of the methodology of science ?all science is an elaboration or construction of formless matter? (2)."
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Political Humor in Politics, 2002.
The paper looks at the role played by political humor in providing both political information and comic relief.
936 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the different forms of political humor available and the range of media now available, from newspaper cartoons to digital clips sent by e-mail. The paper examines how political humor has become an increasingly influential force in the American political scene, with high profile politicians, such as the President, often becoming the main target of jokes. The paper portrays such humor as a useful tool in keeping citizens lighthearted in tense situations.
From the Paper
"In the United States, political humor has become a very popular entertaining form of entertainment, and is used as a way to make light of political situations and poke fun at the politicians that have been elected and are in the national spotlight. Political humor has been in newspapers and other forms of mass media since the elections of some of the first politicians. However, unlike the comedians of the French Revolution Era, political humorists today will not be beheaded for making jokes about the president."
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Soft PACs (Political Action Committees) and Politics, 2000.
Explores the role of big business and Political Action Committee's in America's politics, concentrating on the influence wielded by the tobacco industry and trial lawyers.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ramifications of party funding by business and Political Action Committees through an investigation into the Supreme Court's revocation of the FDA's right to regulate the tobacco industry. It explores the historical involvement of the FDA with the industry, through to the stances taken by the Democratic and the Republican parties after revocation. It investigates the reasons behind Big Tobacco funding the Republican party, and the Trial Lawyers' PAC contributing so heavily to the Democratic coffers in the 2000 presidential campaign.
From the Paper
"It is a sad fact that less than 50% of Americans vote. The reasons behind this non-participation are myriad, ranging from the view that traditional parties are out of touch with the needs of modern-day society, to the inconvenience of attending mid-week daytime voting stations. One common complaint is the effect of party funding by big business and by Political Action Committees, since the practice implies that money rather than votes wields political influence."
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Two American Political Systems: Society, Economics & Politics by Creel Froman, 2001.
Analysis of book on corporate domination of government in a capitalistic society. Role of money. Economic and political power.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
Corporate domination of government is evidenced in a number of ways. Their dominance is rooted in the capitalist system, which places great value in wealth and the accumulation of wealth, and in the definition of the corporation itself. Specifically, the wealth of a corporation is based in large part on stocks, which allow the corporation to expand in size and wealth and not to be limited by the funds of those who started the corporation (Froman 33-34). In other words, the corporation in a capitalistic society is perfectly placed to grow and grow in wealth and size. In addition, in a society in which capitalism and "democracy" intermingle, the corporation is in a perfect position to use its wealth to influence and dominate the government, the officials of that government, and the policies of that government."
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"The Genius Of American Politics" ( Daniel Boorstin ) and "The American Political Tradition" ( Richard Hofstadter ), 1999.
Compares the authors' views on the Founding Fathers' views on constitutional system, federalism, republican vs. democratic government and survival of the union.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
"Richard Hofstadter in the early chapters of his book The American Political Tradition characterizes the Founding Fathers and the constitutional system they developed and addresses certain issues of federalism as they developed in the thinking of James Madison, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others, and he shows elsewhere in his book how the concept of federalism was tested and preserved in American history and American political life.
From the Paper
"Richard Hofstadter in the early chapters of his book The American Political Tradition characterizes the Founding Fathers and the constitutional system they developed and addresses certain issues of federalism as they developed in the thinking of James Madison, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others, and he shows elsewhere in his book how the concept of federalism was tested and preserved in American history and American political life. His analysis is less theoretical and more centered on the intentions of the framers of the Constitution and on what they wanted to achieve, protect, and promote.
One of the more interesting statements made by Hofstadter is that it is ironic that the Constitution "is based upon a political theory that at one crucial point stands in direct antithesis to the mainstream of American democratic faith""
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Pressure Groups in America, 2005.
This paper discusses pressure groups, including political action committees, which play a distinct role in the United States of America.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a pressure group, sometimes referred to as an interest group, is a set of individuals organized for the purpose of influencing public policy; a subset of pressure groups is the political action committee created for the main purpose of receiving donations, from corporations, trade unions and other similar sources, to candidates aspiring to Federal office because, in the U.S., candidates cannot receive these donations directly. The author points out that there are two main types of pressure groups: (1) The private interest group, which unusually represents a particular economic, social or ethnic section of society promoting certain aspects of interest such as manufacturers, and (2) the cause groups with select issues or ideology such as the environment. The paper relates that pressure groups have three significant access points from where they can attempt to influence the decisions made by the Federal government: The Congress, the bureaucracy and officials that make up the executive and, in a small way, the judiciary.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nature of Pressure Groups in the United States of America
Main Activities of Pressure Groups
Impact of Political Action Group Committees on the U.S. Elections
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The presidential elections of 2004 were to large extent influenced by the political action committees and the areas of influence were to be seen in voter turnout, endorsements of the candidates and contributions to the campaigns. The underlying evaluation of the role that the political action committees play in any election is to have a general appreciation of the relationship between money and interests and federal regulations. Political Action Committees and their roles were clearly defined in the early 1970's by the Federal Election Campaign Acts. These regulations came after some very long and torturous legislative battles. The campaign finance laws are at the moment regulated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act -- BCRA of 2002. Current day analysis of political action committees does question the undue influence that some of these political action committees have and their new tactics that involve direct campaigns and group representation."
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Political Socialization, 2004.
This paper discusses political socialization, the political beliefs or values of the people in a society, which has its roots in the views of ancient philosophers such as Plato.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that political socialization is the process through which individuals acquire the information, beliefs, attitudes, and values that help them to understand the workings of a political system, and as part of the process, adopt some of the beliefs, attitudes and values. The author points out that the importance of the process lies in the fact that the beliefs and the values of the people are the basis for a society?s political culture, and such culture defines the parameters of political life and governmental action. The paper states that some people argue that people having similar social background, income or education levels, a common religion, race or gender share largely similar political views; hence, political socialization is more of an innate rather than a learned process.
Table of Contents
Background
What is Political Socialization?
Importance
Factors Influencing Political Socialization
Family
Schools
Peer Groups
Mass Media
Arguments that Political Socialization is an Innate Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Apart from family and schools, peer groups play an important role in imparting political values of young people. Influence of peer groups in the process of political socialization is more pronounced when an issue directly affects the youth. A pertinent example of this is the issue of the Vietnam War during the 1960s. At the time, young people were the most active participants in the movement against the war since they were directly affected by it?being made to fight in the war that was taking a large toll of lives. It is generally agreed, however, that youthful peer groups have greater influence on the lifestyle and dress as compared to politics."
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Political Socialization, 2002.
This paper discusses political socialization, the process of developing political opinions, biases and even political apathy.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses political socialization, the process of developing political opinions, biases and even political apathy. It discusses the influences of family, schooling, peers, mass media, political parties and religion on one's beliefs. Four methods of indoctrination into the political society are also discussed-- latent, manifest, affective, and instrumental socialization.
From the Paper
"Political socialization begins early on in life and is an ongoing process affecting individuals throughout. It is how people eventually identify personal beliefs and expectations in American politics. These political views can include our level of patriotism, faith in the democratic system, standards by which we hold governing bodies, and opinions regarding public policies. From the playground to the classroom, the office to the dinner table, much of our lives affect our political opinions. The most easily identified agents of this are family, schooling, peers, mass media, political parties and religious influences. Further more, these means indoctrinate us in the political society through four basic methods: latent, manifest, affective, and instrumental socialization."
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TV & Political Views, 1996.
Examines effect of TV on viewers' political attitudes & behavior. Regular broadcast news, cable news, tv newsmagazines, fictionalized political stories, political commercials.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 26 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
Does television influence viewers' political attitudes and/or affect their political behavior; and, if so, in what ways? The purpose of this report is to examine the existing research investigating this question. The reviewed research covers studies of the effects of five categories of political television: (1) Regular broadcast news; (2) Cable news; (3) Television newsmagazines; (4) Fictionalized political stories; and (5) Political advertisements.
Regular Broadcast News
By far, the majority of studies of television effects on political attitudes and behavior have examined for influences resulting from viewing regular local and national news..."
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The Neutrality in Political Science, 2006.
This paper examines Charles Taylor's belief that political philosophy and political science are intrinsically linked.
1,638 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that there is an ongoing debate as to the status of political philosophy and its relationship to political science. The paper examines Charles Taylor's attempt to demonstrate a convergence between science and normative theory in the field of politics. Additionally, the paper explains how Charles Taylor provides a thorough and persuasive argument against those who believe that political science should be separated from the field of political philosophy.
From the Paper
"There exists an ongoing debate as to the status of political philosophy and its relation with political science. One group of scholars holds that political philosophy is dead, being replaced by the growth of science and the end of ideology, and that political science has come of age in freeing itself finally of the incubus of political philosophy and its prejudiced moral positions by adopting the scientific method and becoming value-free. (Charles Taylor, Neutrality in Political Science, 58). Others however doubt the thesis of the logical separation between facts and values, and claim that political science cannot be separated from political philosophy. Charles Taylor, in his chapter "Neutrality in Political Science," takes the latter of these positions, and attempts to show a convergence between science and normative theory in the field of politics (61)."
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Contemporary Political Islam, 2006.
This paper explains the nature of Islamic sovereignty, the roots of political Islam, the attraction of Islamism, and the driving forces behind political movements within the Middle East, such as the Taliban.
3,675 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a synthesis of democratic and Islamic values is required for a practical and workable form of representative government. The author points out that Islam is not just another ideology; it is a faith and as such can motivate people to act politically while also transcending politics. The paper stresses that political Islam is not Islamist democracy, governed exclusively by Islamic law. The author comments that, in Afghanistan, the Taliban, an extreme type of political Islam, took over and did not lose control until American bombs dropped as punishment for harboring Osama Bin Laden. The paper iterates that political Islam, in its democratic infancy, is struggling to distinguish itself from both the fundamentalists and the Islamists. The author underscores that most Muslims believe that America does not have fundamental flaws; it has just failed to live up to the ideals it so strongly advocates.
Table of Contents
The Evolution and Growth of Political Islam
Islamic Experiences with Democracy
The Future Prospect and Promises of Political Islam
From the Paper
"Algeria, in 1989, provided one of the first experiences with Islamic democracy. After years of a socialist-military regime, Algeria's sole political party, the Front de Liberation National (FLN) acquiesced to young Algerians protesting for fundamental rights and political change. In June 1990 the FLN allowed the first open elections to take place. The Front Islamique du Salut (FIS), and Islamic party, came more or less out of nowhere to capture 62% of the vote. The FLN, which could boast of liberating Algeria from the French, captured only 28%."
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The Political Reunification of Germany, 1991.
This paper discusses the 1990 elections in Germany that led to the political reunification: Political issues, parties, leadership and economics.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The New York Times of December 3, 1990, reports that Chancellor Helmut Kohl's coalition will lead a unified Germany. In an article from Bonn, Germany, dated December 2, 1990, Kohl claimed the reward for his stewardship of German unity "with a victory for his coalition for the first free all-German election in 58 years". As the article reports, the results of the parliamentary elections were generally interpreted as an endorsement of German unification and the role played in it by Mr. Kohl, leader of the Christian Democratic Party, and Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher of the Free Democratic Party.
The Free Democrats are entrenched as the center party in coalition with the CDU-CSU. The CSU, or Christian Social Union, is the conservative sister party of the CDU. The leader of the ... "
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