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Political Party Systems, 2006.
This paper compares the American and U. K. political party system.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, while both the U.S. and U.K. political party systems are democratic in nature, the American system of candidate selection is more democratic because major parties in the American system allow any individual to be a candidate but major parties in the U.K.'s system pre-select candidates in central committees. The author points out that the U.S. selection process has been soundly criticized for letting money, special interests and political interests create strong favoritism for some candidates. The paper relates that the American and U.K. political system are about equal in government accountability; however, the U.K. system tends to present voters with clearer choices and candidates that are more qualified.
From the Paper
"In the United States, candidate selection is less centrally managed. In addition, the use of primaries creates more uncertainty in the process. In the U.S. system, competent and qualified candidates may be overlooked early on in favor of those with more money to spend on their campaigns, or better public personas. In addition, these individuals are not screened for qualifications or competence. The U.K.'s candidate selection system is better able to provide clear choices for voters in the general election."
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Political Party Funding, 2005.
A comparative analysis of government funding of political parties in the United States, Great Britain and France.
6,900 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper compares government funding of political parties in three democratic countries: the United States, Great Britain and France. It looks at the significance of the issue of financing political party electoral campaigns. It concludes that all three countries have implemented changes in campaign finance regulations, but considers the government as a necessary source of some of the funds for political candidates and parties, but differ on the issues that have an impact on electoral activity.
From the Paper
"political party electoral campaigns has long been a subject of discussion and as significantly of controversy. Given ..."
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American Political Parties, 2002.
Discusses the role of the anti-federalists and the constitution in the development of political parties.
976 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
Even before the adoption of the Constitution, political parties were beginning to form in American. The paper shows that those who favored the Constitution were called Federalists and were led by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Another group, led by Thomas Jefferson, opposed the adoption of the Constitution and was known as Anti-federalists. The paper describes how the Anti-federalists broke up after the Constitution was ratified, but they set the stage for the development of other political parties, resulting in the two party system that we have today.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. The Development of Political Parties
III. The Constitution and Political Parties
IV. The Changing Ideology of Political Parties
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Political parties realign their ideologies to meet changing times and sentiments. For example, the Antifederalists and their successors favored an agrarian economy and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. But, once Jefferson became President, he had to change his philosophy because the Louisiana Purchase could only be justified by a broad interpretation of the Constitution. He also saw that the future of the country was tied to manufacturing and trade, so he dropped his opposition to these activities. Today, Democrats, who started out as states rights advocates and who preferred limited federal power now generally favor bigger government, federal involvement, and social intervention."
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The Decline of the American Political Party: A Book Review, 2000.
A review of William Crotty's "American Parties in Decline," which examines the waning of political parties in America, and the reasons for this.
916 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, $ 32.95
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From the Paper
"In his work, American Parties in Decline, William Crotty outlines the seeming demise of the dominant influence which political parties once held in America. Crotty traces this demise through history as shown in different elections, and explores the reasons for this ebb. Crotty delineates three main reasons for this decay of the importance of political parties. First, the electorate is changing, as party identification and loyalty are weakening among voters. The means by which campaigns are conducted are changing, including the funding of elections and the shift toward single-issue and ideological thinking. Furthermore, the parties are becoming less important in decision making processes in congress and hence becoming less important to the president. "
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Political Parties in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the political system of Canada and its political parties.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the political make-up in Canada, focusing on the political parties that make up the government. The paper examines the role within government of the non-Canadian un-elected monarch, who is currently the Queen of England. The paper looks at the ongoing discussion in Canada about ways to make the country more a democracy and to protect the democratic institutions that have been created.
From the Paper
"The system for both domestic and foreign policy issues tends to be a pluralist democracy even as leaders promote the idea of a representative democracy. The system is unjust because it ignores or devalues millions of people, perhaps the majority of the citizenry, while responding to the loudest groups either in terms of those spending more money or those making their views heard most clearly. At the same time, it is difficult to see how it could be otherwise at the federal level, the sheer size of which reduces the link between elected representatives and the people they serve. Leaders will always respond more readily to the constituents they hear than to those who do not make their views known, and this necessarily means public interest groups and elites that make their views known will have more power."
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Political Parties and the U.S. Government, 2002.
A look at the political parties in America and their affect on the democratic character of the country.
1,829 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the political party system functions in the United States' government, showing how Democratic and Republican parties exist in each of the 50 states, largely organized around the state governments. The paper explores the benefits of a two-party system including the fact that the majority rules and that it promotes stability. The paper also examines issues such as party identification and membership, constitutional power, influence and the the role of the media .
From the Paper
"Party identification serves as a primary source of orientation for an individual?s political attitudes. (Wattenberg, p. 12). A certain amount of socialization and identification dictates the choice of the individual as regards personal partisanship; people become committed to their preferred dominate party and even socialize their children into it. These loyalties and behaviors have become part of the ongoing socialization process that perpetuates the two party system. Habit and tradition tie voters to the major parties, and the system itself with its electoral arrangement and organization supports two parties."
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Are Political Parties Necessary?, 2005.
A discussion of the necessity for political parties in Canada.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the issue of whether political parties continue to be an essential part of the political process today. With particular reference to the political system in Canada, the paper looks at the growing power of corporations being paralleled in developed countries of the Western world by increasing voter alienation from political life as symbolized by low turnouts at election time. The conclusion of the paper is that there is no longer a need for political parties.
From the Paper
"The question of whether or not political parties are necessary is a complex one in our 21st century society. In large measure this is due to the changing nature of governance in our modern culture, with the growing power of corporations being paralleled, at least in developed countries of the Western world such as Canada, by increasing voter alienation from political life as symbolized by low turnouts at election time. In this context, this essay will argue, with particular reference to Canadian political history, that political parties are no longer necessary."
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Political Parties and Interest Groups, 2007.
A comparison of the main political parties in the United States and interest groups.
1,437 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history of the two main political groups in the United States and then compares them to interest groups. The paper examines the history and make-up of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. It then looks at the ways that interest groups help to support them. It concludes by analyzing the differences between interest groups and political parties.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Interest Groups
Interest Groups versus Political Parties
From the Paper
"The Republican Party did not come into existence until 1850. It was formed by activists working against the institution of slavery. The first meeting of the Republican Party took place in Wisconsin and the members believed that the government should give land grants to those settling in the west (Republican Party http://www.mcgop.net/History.htm)."
"Once the party became official a formal meeting was help in 1854 in Michigan at which time the name Republican was adopted. The name was chosen because the members believed that it mean equality (Republican Party http://www.mcgop.net/History.htm)."
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Political Party Classifications, 2005.
This paper analyzes the confusions and inaccuracies of political identification.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the evolving policy positions of America's two major political parties. The paper contends that over the past twenty years, and especially over the last four years, they have created a political environment in which traditional party labels don't mean as much as they used to. The paper explains that under such conditions, accurately identifying an individual citizen as a member of one of these ten basic groups is much more of a challenge than it used to be.
From the Paper
"Upon completing the activities at the assigned political party selector website, I found that I was classified as a socially conservative Democrat. I don't consider this a completely valid assessment of my political views, for I believe that I also met most of the criteria of the moderate Republican group and some of the criteria of many of the other groups. As I examined the criteria this website used and the phrasing of the questions, it became evident that accurately defining someone's political affiliation is not an exact science. Essentially, this process is complicated by a variety of social, economic, political, religious and cultural factors which confuse political identification instead of clarifying it."
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Political Parties and the U.S. Constitution, 2002.
This paper discusses how the U.S. Constitution led to the emerging of political parties.
630 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 22.95
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Abstract
An examination of how political parties emerged after the Constitution was drafted in the late Eighteenth Century. The author looks at the Federalist and Republican parties, investigating how having political parties has been beneficial. The well-known argument, the "Whiskey Rebellion" between these two parties in 1794 is discussed.
From the Paper
"The Federalist Party was one of the first two parties to arise after the Constitution. The Federalist faction was founded primarily by the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton and by Vice President, John Adams. (Burke) The Federalists desired for the government to have a very active role, along with a National Treasury that would play a strong role in the national economy. The Federalists were also pro-Britain regarding foreign policy, which was a popular viewpoint with most citizens in the New England area. The Federalists also had strong support from the businessmen of America, like the manufacturers, and merchants."
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The Breakdown of the Two-Party System, 2002.
This paper examines the breakdown of the two-party system in the United States before the Civil War.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The author notes that the divisive issue of slavery and the passion in the South for state's rights presented the two major parties with challenges they proved unable to overcome and led to the breakdown of the two-party system, which became the principle cause of the Civil War. The breakdown of the two-party system was a slow development, but it was accelerated during the last decade before the Civil War by the weakness of the Whigs and the emergence of the new Republican Party in the North.
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Political Parties and Representation in Modern Democracies, 2006.
A discussion regarding to what extent the functioning of political parties can explain the crisis of representation of the 'people' in modern democracies.
9,480 words (approx. 37.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 194.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at political parties and issues that surround representation of the people in modern democracies. According to the paper, political parties, in their organization and their functioning, display numerous problems in terms of representation. The paper focuses particularly on two of these problems, the modes of government and the modes of funding. The paper also analyzes the aftermaths of the logic of electoral competition for the representation of the membership and the electorate.
From the Paper
"Political representation is quite a hard concept to grasp. It was rejected by the French during the Revolution as an impediment to the self-government of the people. Nonetheless, I will try to show that political representation is necessary for ensuring freedom in our modern democracies.
But first let us turn back to our French Revolution and the establishment of what could be considered as a quasi-totalitarian regime. In France, traditional feudal aristocratic society was undermined by an absolutist and centralist state. When the French Revolution broke out, the remaining feudal instances were destroyed even further (loi Le Chapelier), so that in fact only the individuals and the state remained without the traditional feudal corporations to mediate between them. The question then is how a society can be held together when it has been dismembered and robbed of the intermediary associations that had given it its concrete form and reality. Most revolutionaries followed republicans like Rousseau or Sieyes. The only way for them to bring about a post-feudal democratic order was by converting particular interests to the common good. Individuals were now called upon to set aside their particular preferences and to identify fully with the common will of the people in order to establish real popular sovereignty and equality. The Jacobin revolutionaries thus assumed that a true democracy could only be established if abstract democratic principles like formal equality, popular sovereignty or the unitary will of the people were indeed completely "turned into reality" (i.e. "actualized" or "materialized"), rather than merely respected (Weymans: 263-282). This is characteristic of totalitarian regimes. More so, to Claude Lefort totalitarianism represents a society's attempt to fully "materialize" or "actualize" democratic principles by making the people really one, equal, free or sovereign. That is also what distinguishes them from democratic regimes. While the totalitarian state tries to realize the principles (by embodying them), a democratic state prevents a society from realizing these (through representation), thus remaining distinct from and dependent on society. This distinction or alienation of the state from society is indeed necessary."
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Canadian Political Parties, 2002.
Compares and contrasts the foundations of the Reform party and the Bloc Quebecois, two of Canada's political parties.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
By the end of the 1980's, it was becoming increasingly clear that the antiquated two party system in Canada was no longer effective in representing the views of the entire nation. Regional cleavages were becoming severely pronounced and alternative regional-based parties were thus progressively more alluring. The success of the Francophone Bloc Quebecois and the western based Reform party boldly highlights the intensity of the thrust behind the regional movement. This paper will compare and contrast the constitution of these two flourishing parties and some light may be shed upon the changing nature of politics and electoral behaviour in Canada.
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Political Parties in Western Democracies, 2003.
A review of the evolution of political parties in Western democracies.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the evolution of political parties in Western democracies. The paper focuses on the following types of parties: cadre party, mass party, catch-all party and cartel party. The paper looks at the relationship between the party leaders and members and the electorate. The paper concludes with the author's contention that there is a trend toward less democracy.
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Crucial Role of Political Parties, 2005.
A look at the way that political parties continue to be an essential part of the political process.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper makes a case for why political parties have become an essential part of political campaigns, primarily because of their enormous fund-raising capabilities. The writer demonstrates that parties as they are today are essential, because of their ability to run smooth and large-scale campaigns.
From the Paper
"Paul Herrnson said it best in his contention that, "American parties are primarily electoral institutions. They focus more on elections and less on initiating policy change than do parties in other Western democracies" (Maisel 47). While the influence of political parties has fluctuated greatly throughout their 150-year influence, one critical advantage of parties has seemingly guaranteed their undeniable essentialness in campaigns; their ability to raise vast sums of money. With vast sums of money came the ability to provide essential resources to candidates, and the "increased needs of candidates for greater access to technical expertise, political information and money created an opportunity for national...party organizations to become the repositories of these electoral resources" (Maisel 52). Party-run campaigns have supplanted candidate-centered campaigns, and this is a trend not likely to change as the years progress. Even with the inception of campaign finance reforms such as the Federal Election Campaigning Act of 1971 and the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, parties have continually adapted to changing legal limits on various forms of campaign finance, and monies raised continues to increase. Parties have used these increased funds to do whatever it takes to win elections, such as hiring campaign consultants who seek to ensure that the party gets enough votes when Election Day comes. As demonstrated in Thomas Frank's What's the Matter with Kansas?, the unlikely transformation of Kansas from one of the most liberal states to a now overwhelming majority Republican state is a feat in itself, and happened because of shrewd campaign tactics."
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