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The Political Economy of The Middle East, 1991.
This paper describes the complex international political economy of the Middle East as deriving from both historical factors as well as political and economic factors of recent origin.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The international political economy of the Middle East is complex and derives both from historical factors and economic and political actions of recent origin. The tensions in the Middle East date back centuries, but they have been exacerbated by such actions in recent times as the creation of the state of Israel, Israeli actions with regard to the Palestinians, the discovery and development of oil in the Arab countries, and shifts in the world geo-political situation, with the results of the most recent shifts on the latter macro-level still in the process of working themselves out on the world stage. The Middle East holds a place of particular strategic importance, and the tensions existing there impinge on relations between nations outside the region. These tensions have been of particular concern at various times because of perceived ... "
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Politics and Religion in the Middle East, 2002.
A comparison of the theocratic rule of Saudi Arabia with the more secular rule in the state of Jordan.
1,251 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper is a comparative analysis of the rule of Saudi Arabia with the more secular rule in Jordan. It attempts to determine what impact, if any, the practice of Islam, the predominant religion in the Middle East, has on the productivity, culture and international relations of the two nations. It provides a brief overview of Islam and discusses how religion affects the politics and culture of Saudi Arabia and of Jordan.
From the Paper
"Islam is one of the most powerful and pervasive religions in the world today. The entire religion is based on "5 Pillars" (or tenets) that all Muslims must adhere to. The pillars of Islam play an important role in intellectual and social dimensions of Islamic life. The word "Islam" itself comes from the Arabic root salaama peace, purity, submission, and obedience. In the religious sense, Islam means complete submission to the will of God and complete obedience to His law (CIA, 1999). The interesting effect that this has on governments is that everything in the world must be governed by God-made laws, rather than man-made laws. Man possesses the quality of intelligence and choice, thus he is invited to submit to the good will of God and obey His law, i.e. become a Muslim."
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Jordan and the Middle East, 2004.
An analysis of the politics and economy of Jordan in relation to the rest of the Middle East region.
2,539 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the country of Jordan, focusing on the more recent years of political liberalization. The paper begins with a brief history of the political situation in Jordan, starting with its first parliamentary elections in 1989. The writer explores how the monarchy of Jordan was affected by the change to a democratic and open political make-up.
Contents
Jordan
Political Liberalization
What: Democratic Discourse and Monarchical Praxis in Jordan
Jordan's Democratic Discourse: Reading Between the Lines
Why? Explaining Recent Political Liberalization
Liberalizing Monarchy
Bibliography
From the Paper
"This extraordinary rate and level of political opening in current years in and of itself creates Jordan commendable of additional study. As well this, on the other hand, more than a few other issues make the case of particular concentration. Primary, Jordan symbolized a case of liberalization in a monarchical management. Such political systems, increasingly uncommon in the contemporary world, but excessively established in the Middle East, have mostly been unnoticed in most of the accessible literature on Third World democratization. In order to understand the political liberalization in Jordan, we must analyze the political history, as well as the recent transformations in the political structure so as to comprehend the real political players and their role in Jordanian politics."
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2005.
A discussion on why the Middle East can be considered a conflict area.
26,575 words (approx. 106.3 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
Over the last hundred years, the Middle East has been one of the most troubled regions in the world. This paper attempts to define the attributes for success in the modern world that the Arab community lacks such as freedom, knowledge and woman power and how these impact the current political situation.
Outline
Islam Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Islam Does Not Cause Conflict in the Middle East
The Arab-Israeli Dispute Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Israeli Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Palestinian Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Lack of Democracy Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Oil Profits Cause Conflict in the Middle East
Water Scarcity Could Cause Conflict in the Middle East
From the Paper
"Sharon has spent years trying to erase the stain of the Lebanon War. Still, the legal defeat would seem to be the least of his troubles. After he won the premiership by promising to bring peace and security to Israel's citizens, Sharon has produced neither. The conflict with the Palestinians continues to escalate. The day of the court ruling, four Israelis died in Palestinian attacks; the following day, six soldiers died in a strike against an army roadblock. Sharon responded with a rare speech to the nation--in which he disappointed all expectations that he would announce a new policy direction. Among voters, confidence that he has a strategy is bleeding away. In one Israeli public-opinion poll, 29 percent of respondents said that Sharon had a clear plan, while 58 percent said he was simply reacting to events."
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Canada and the Middle East, 2006.
This paper explores Canada's contributions towards the struggles in the Middle East and the Middle East peace process.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's involvement, past and present, in the conflicts in the Middle East relative to other nations. The paper details the numerous conflicts in the Middle East over the years. The paper explores the contributions of other nations towards the Middle East peace process and demonstrates how the contributions of Canada, unlike many other nations, are effective, but silent.
From the Paper
"Past and present, the Middle East has been in a constant state of chaos, involving nations worldwide. Progressing negatively with no major improvement, many third parties, alongside the Arab nations, have put forth constant efforts, despite many failures, in an attempt to restore the Middle East to its once peaceful state. The active contributions by many nations, including the United States of America, and the Soviet Union, have been witnessed and recognized worldwide. The contributions of Canada, unlike the many other nations, are effective, but silent."
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Modern Middle East, 2007.
An analysis of the Middle East according to two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History", one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History," one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim. The paper discusses the differing views of the two authors on the same subject with Gelvin suggesting that the Middle East has remained tyrannical and economically stagnant, while Ibrahim suggests that Western ideology has penetrated the once supposedly pure nationalist governments of the Middle East.
From the Paper
"The young man's choice, that of a doctor who is famous for his works of global outreach and philanthropy, shows that the apparently noxious ideology of globalization has already penetrated even his consciousness. The reason the doctor is seen as evil in the book is because he is an international figure, and globalization is deemed to be harmful. The committee is afraid that if the young man selects this doctor, the regime's true ideology will be revealed, and the Westernized control of the Middle East will make itself known to the general population. The ideology of the supposed diversification of interests of modern economic life masks the real, controlling presence of the West that is manifest even on the Carter buses that run through the streets. This demonstrates that the nation is in the grips of a consumption ideology that only results the people consuming things against their own true nation's interests. Rather than Coca-Cola, Ibrahim suggests, better to drink in the ideology of true anti-capitalist nationalism."
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Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", 2005.
This paper discuses Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", a modern history of the Middle East from the perspective of the changing peasant and urban artisan classes and the emerging modern working-classes.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East" begins in 1750, which marks the start of modern history for the Middle East because of (1) the rise of autonomous provincial regimes, (2) the expansion of agricultural production and (3) the intensification of links between several parts of the Ottoman Empire and the world capitalist market. The author points out that Beinin argues that industrial manufacturing was introduced to the Middle East as part of a drive to establish modern armies and extend the power of the states. The paper relates that Beinin considers the period after the collapse of global oil prices in 1985-86, when states became unable to provide previously established levels of services, thus creating an economic and moral vacuum, as the beginning of the political Islamic movements of establishing a popular base by offering social services, including education, health care and child care.
From the Paper
"During the era of Fordism-Keynesianism many Middle Eastern states pursued policies of populism, nationalist anti-imperialism, state-led economic development, and import-substitution industrialization. Some examples of this post-World War II trend he cites were Muhammad Mossadegh's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. State-led development and import-substitution industrialization were key components of the social policies advanced by Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in Egypt, the Ba'th in Syria and Iraq and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from the 1950s to the 1970s. The political and economic programs of these authoritarian-populist regimes were designated "Arab nationalism" and "Arab socialism" respectively."
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Future Wars of the Middle East, 2006.
A research paper exploring the possibility of a future breakout of war in the Middle East and North Africa due to the scarcity of water throughout the region.
20,838 words (approx. 83.4 pages), 48 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This dissertation presents a case study of the possibility of future wars throughout the Middle East and North Africa due to water scarcity and limited water resources presently being experienced in that region. The paper starts by revealing the gravity of the situation by showing the present statistics surrounding the problem of water scarcity throughout the world. Thereafter, the paper highlights the importance of water in the national economy. From then on, the paper discusses the present situation of water scarcity in the Middle East by noting the present available resources of water in the Middle East. Lastly, the paper highlights the reason underlying possible future water wars in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper concludes by briefly analyzing the findings and assessing possible variables and alternative scenarios that might be adapted by the Middle East and North African states to avert war.
Table of Contents
Abstracts
Synopsis
Introduction
The Importance of the Availability of Water
Presently Available Water Resources in the Middle East
The Conflict in the Future
Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Findings
Geographic Location
Regional Tension, Disharmony and Centuries of Conflict
Vague International and National Laws
Population Explosion
Increase Demand and Decrease Supply
Pollution
Water Exploitation Methods
Economic Growth in the Middle East
Border Conflicts
The Domestic Situation and Regional Conflicts
Assessment of Expected Variables
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, as mentioned above, approximately 40% of the world's population is dealing with the scarcity of water. In fact, hundreds and thousands of humans travel all year long in search of water. They live their lives like nomads and remain in one place until they have utilized the water resources. While, this picture is very noticeable in the Middle East countries, more and more countries are joining the listing of such countries. Experts fear that if the present situation is not given the due attention, then by the middle of this century, almost 65% of the world's population will be confronting water scarcity and famine (Steve Lonergan, 1996). The gravity of the situation in the Middle East can be gauged from the fact that in the mid 1990's almost 8 countries from this region fell below the international standards of "absolute water scarcity," while many others had been on the brink of falling below the redline (Robert Engelman and Pamela LeRoy, 1993). This situation occurs when the yearly per capita fresh water accessibility of a nation drops below 500 cubic meters. These 8 countries in the Middle East faced inbuilt problems and difficulties of water scarcity that severely threatened the public healthcare structure, as well as, hindered the growth and development of the socio-economic system. To add to the difficulty, these regions have one of the highest population growth rates in the world. One does not have to be a rocket scientist to determine the fate of countries if their water resources come to a stand still while their population is rapidly growing at the rate of more than 3 percent (Ashok Swain, 1996)."
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Middle East, 2007.
This paper examines political conflicts within the Middle East region.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the area commonly termed "Middle East" is traditionally known as the countries in Southwest Asia and Egypt and in certain contexts can include such areas as North Africa and Central Asia. The writer then points out that as a major historical and cultural region, the Middle East has been plagued in recent years with political conflict that has had a lasting effect on the populations of the countries involved. This paper discusses these political disturbances, and looks at their effects on the people of the Middle East. The writer concludes that unless such conflicts are solved, the situation will continue to deteriorate, and while those in political power will likely not suffer the consequences, those within each country's population will bear the brunt of the political turmoil.
From the Paper
"One of the most known political conflicts within the Middle East centers on the geographic region known as Kurdistan. Since the end of WWI, Kurdistan has been divided between several Middle Eastern states, including Iran, Iraq, Syria, and the former Soviet Union (Stansfield, 3). As the fourth largest ethnic group in the Middle East, the Kurds are large in number, but have virtually no political power of their own."
"The area of Kurdistan has been, in the last twenty years, an area of high violence and political strife. During the Iran-Iraq war, the military forces of Iraq moved destroyed thousands of Kurdish communities and began deporting Kurds in an effort to depopulate the region. When this method failed, the political forces of Iraq began the Anfal campaign. An effort to completely disintegrate the Kurdish nation, the Ba'ath party used ground offensive, bombing, the burning of settlements, concentration camps, and chemical warfare."
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U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2006.
Examines America's foreign policy in the Middle East since 1991.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper critically assesses the impact of U.S. foreign policy on the Middle East since 1991. It explores how the post-Cold War global order affects Middle East politics and how the conflict in the Middle East affects the 'New World Order'.
Table of Contents:
Part I: Summary
Part II: Background to and Nature of American Policy in the Middle East since 1991
Part III: Impact of American Policy in the Middle East
Part IV: Conclusion.
From the Paper
"America's policy of coercive appropriation of the region's only major resource has had another parallel, though highly profound impact. In order to break free from what the countries of the region perceive as the American stranglehold over their resources, many countries have started cooperating with each other to exploit the oil-rich Caspian region. Based on the idea of excluding America from the pipeline grid, this brings several countries from even outside the periphery of the Middle East in close ties with each other. This could spell a total alteration of the geo-strategic dynamics of the region."
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American Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2002.
A look at the history of the relationship between the Middle East and the Western World.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of foreign policy in the Middle East. It goes into the vast differences between cultures of the Arab world and cultures of the rest of the world and compares them in a global environment. Terms, such as globalization, tribalism, and imperialism are discussed and used to compare relations between the Middle East and the Western world. The paper also goes into current trends in foreign policy toward the Middle East. It has become more manipulating than helpful. The people of the Middle East still suffer, despite the efforts of the United States. In fact, the United States government is more concerned with maintaining a balance of power between Middle Eastern nations than maintaining the integrity of human rights. This paper places all of this content into an organized display.
From the Paper
"The events that are occurring at this very time in the Middle East are grim. Every place one looks, there is a violation of human rights, someone being killed, a war going on, or a level of poverty exists that an American could not even comprehend. Throughout the beautiful landscapes, warlords and military dictators have taken over countries and the populations live in fear. In the news, Americans see huge crowds cheering when the US flag is burnt, and the president being hung. After September 11, 2001, American children could see Arab children on television cheering at the disaster. The roots of this Arab rage lead right back to American foreign policy in the region."
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The Middle East in Transition, 2007.
This paper studies how the Middle East has emerged as one the fastest developing economies in the new globalization of the world.
6,676 words (approx. 26.7 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 152.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the economic transformation of Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait and Israel. The paper shows how these leading examples are creating a new, major and positive economic influence, within the new order of the Middle East, that will influence the global economy. The paper reveals that the most challenging part of change needed to support the continued growth of the Middle East lies on the political front.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
Oil Based Economies
Saudi Arabia's Rise
The Dubai Model
The Qatar Model
The Israeli Model
Competitive Edge
Tourism Strategy
Banking Development
Communication and Technological Developments
Media and Press
Critique of the Region
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Middle East attained its world economic importance due to the vast reserves of oil and natural gas in the region. The economies of most these countries were enhanced, either directly or indirectly, by the economic foundation of the vast oil resources in the region. However, with the passage of time and particularly since the late 1960s, the region has established its own peculiar identity in the global economy."
"The transformation of a region known for it natural resources and credited with providing energy for much of the world, has seen the emergence of an economic complex not totally dependent on oil. Saudi Arabia serves as good example of this economic diversification. While Saudi Arabia is well-known as the world's largest exporters of crude oil, however"...hydrocarbons are not the only significant part of the kingdom's fast expanding diversifying economy in which the non-oil industrial sector grew by an estimated 10 per cent in 2006." ( Saudi non-oil exports build new economy)."
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Women in the Middle East, 2002.
A study into the status and lives of women living in the Middle East, as compared to those living in the West.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the treatment of women in the West with the treatment of women from the Middle East. The writer states that while there are many different types of women in the Middle East, for the purposes of this essay, the analysis makes some generalizations of a religious axis upon which to base the study of the treatment of women in the Middle East. Namely, the treatment of Middle Eastern women following Islam, and those following Judaism, are compared with the women of the West.
From the Paper
"In the Islam tradition, the view of women is no different to the view held of men; they are both here on Earth, as God?s wishes, and their goal is to worship their God, do righteous works, and to avoid evil. If they follow these guidelines, as laid out in the Quran, they will both be judged equally and accordingly in the eyes of God. Indeed, special treatment is given to people who give birth to daughters, as the Quran says ?He who is involved in bringing up daughters, and accords benevolent treatment towards them, they will be protection for him against Hell-fire?. This, and other quotes like this from the Quran, show just how open Islam is to the idea of the preciousness and importance of women?s place in society."
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"Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East", 2006.
A review of the collection of biographies "Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East", edited by Edmund Burke III.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews "Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East," a collection of biographies of twenty-four Middle Eastern men and women, edited by Edmund Burket. The author of this paper asserts that the sheer number and variety of these biographies undermines current stereotypes about the Arab mindset and challenges elite-centered accounts of how the Middle East has changed in modern times. The paper explains that the book is organized chronologically, tracing the history of the Middle East through the biographies. The paper provides a synopsis of several of these biographies and looks for commonalities, even among the diversity of stories.
From the Paper
"Hibgo, an American truck driver, lived his life in Middle East and ended in United States. He started his challenging job of truck driving in iran by developing his own grop of drivers. The challenging nature of the truck driving profession in Iran during this formative period necessitated a truck driver's involvement in a guild. The guild served a variety of crucial needs through a network of shared information and credit based on mutual trust. In the 1930s Hagob became part of a guild consisting of Armenian and Assyrian members, who maintained their ties for decades. He and the others proudly wore their guild's insignia, a jeweler's handcrafted replica of the front portion of a transport vehicle."
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The Modern Middle East, 2004.
This paper discusses the influence of the growth of terrorism in the Middle East.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that terrorism, in essence, has contributed tremendously to the demise of the Middle East region; even today, there seems to be no solution being offered by the United Nations nor the Middle Eastern nations themselves to somehow reach a consensus and work towards the betterment of this region as a whole. The paper stresses that there is another side to this story: Many believe that Muslims have used the West as an excuse for all their problems, and that all these terrorist activities are the result of the internal resentment by Muslims of the success of the West in all aspects of life, socially, politically, or economically. This author believes that, if one looks at the entire regions profile, it is the Israel-Palestinian conflict which is basically the most important connection between the past and present of terrorism in the Middle East and is the most dominating factor influencing modern Middle East today.
From the Paper
"Terrorist incidents have taken place throughout the Middle East for the past many years. The Tel-Aviv and Jerusalem dominated terrorist incidents in the Middle East have resulted in numerous deaths over the years. The radical Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) and the Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) have been responsible for many terrorist attacks, suicide bombings etc. Similarly, in Egypt, although terrorist incidents have been controlled, the al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group or IG) has been responsible for many deaths especially those of tourists in Cairo. Even in Algeria, political violence and killings have been the usual norm. Car bombings, bombings at public places, unnecessary killings of civilians have been quite common in Algeria. The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) was responsible for the kidnapping and killing of French monks. Many similar incidents have been seen in the Middle East over the past many years."
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