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Physicians and Death, 2000.
This paper is an ethnographic study about how physicians cope with a patient's death.
4,030 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that because of traditional medical training and the artificial setting of the hospital, the physician has lost his ability to perceive the patient holistically. The paper also asserts that society places an excessive amount of responsibility on the physician. The author suggests that the physicians undergo training in which both the "physician" and the "patient" are viewed as "persons" so that the physician will not be as vulnerable and dependent on professional performance and will be able to maintain an empathetic balance as a physician and a person. The paper describes the techniques the author used to conduct this ethnographic study based on an interview with a pediatric cardiologist. The paper includes details of the conversation with the physician.
Table of Contents:
Field Notes on Field Research
Introduction
Methodology
Interview
Analysis
The Family of the Patient
The Patient
Other Physicians
The Participant's Voice as a "Physician"
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"...in my interview, I preferred a contextual setting (the hospital) in order to aid the participant to envision an recollect better the instances of patient loss and family presence, and the confrontation with other physician colleagues. I discovered that my presupposition worked, yet I could not avoid the frequent interruptions by the hospital staff at the office such as nurses, other doctors and administrative personnel. This, I sensed, created a barrier between me and my participant who took long to unwind. Furthermore, aware of the participant's concern for anonymity and reservation of the investigative atmosphere, I purposefully chose to take notes rather tan conduct the interview with a tape recorder, a typical instrumental symbol of formal research."
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Physician Income and Physician Supply, 1999.
Examines why both income and supply have increased from 1977 to 1994. Discusses the impact of managed care, statistics, quality of care and specialists. Includes charts.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"PHYSICIAN INCOME AND PHYSICIAN SUPPLY: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Abstract
This research examined why physician income has increased in the United States as physician supply has increased. This question was analyzed with data for the 1977-1994 period, as this period (1) reflected the substantial changes in both physician income and physician supply and (2) provided complete data for each of the variables prior to the time that managed care became the dominant force in health care delivery in the United States.
No anomaly was found between the actions of demand, prices, and supply in the physician care market for the 1977-1997 period and economic theory related to demand and supply when the data were considered on a disaggregated basis. The anomaly appeared ..."
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Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act, 2004.
This paper discusses the Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act and asks if physician-assisted death is death with dignity or assisting in a crime.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the only successful legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the U.S.A., the Oregon law called the Death with Dignity Act, passed in 1994 by a voter referendum and hung up in court for three years before another voter referendum to repeal the law was defeated in November 1997, and it became legal. The author explains that personal experiences with dying family members led her to believe that terminally-ill patients should have the right to die as they wish, and physicians should have an important role in that decision. The paper relates that the public?s support for assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide has increased over the past 50 years; today 72% of the population supports this issue.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of the Law
Supporting Arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The law also requires the prescribing physician to report all requests for medication to the Oregon Department of Human Services. In addition, in 1999, the Oregon Legislature added a requirement that pharmacists must be informed of the prescribed medication?s ultimate use. Physicians and patients that follow the above requirements are protected from criminal prosecution under the law. In addition, choosing physician-assisted suicide will not affect the status of a patient?s health or life insurance policies. There is no obligation for physicians and health care systems to participate in the law."
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Trust between Management and Physicians in Hospitals, 2005.
A look at the need for, yet lack of, trust between physicians in hospitals and hospital management.
882 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the conflict between the inherent objectives of hospital administrators and hospital physicians and how this conflict is the source of the erosion of trust between the two groups. The paper explains that the administrators' goals of conserving resources and containing hospital costs conflict with those of the doctors. It explains that the doctors' goal is to provide their patients with the highest quality care possible and that methods for dealing with this conflict have thus far been inadequate and may even compromise patient care. The paper then suggests that the best way to deal with the problem would be to hire high-quality trainers to conduct world-class, trust-engendering seminars for management and doctors, since none of the current methods for creating trust between doctors and management seem to be effective.
From the Paper
"As for administrators, their sense of trust with physicians, Succi asserts, boils down to one area ? ?cost/quality management.? When alluding to costs of providing services to patients, therein lies a very important factor in running a hospital, and there is little doubt that administrators are keenly interested in keeping costs from rising out of sight. And since hospital administrators are ?rewarded for conserving resources and containing hospital costs? and physicians are gaining credibility for offering ever-higher levels of care, Succi believes these two conflicting concepts create an erosion of trust."
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Changing Scope of Family Physicians, 2002.
This paper discusses the changing scope of hospital physicians.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
More and more doctors are specializing in outpatient care service versus patient care in hospitals. An objective view of the entire system is looked at and described.
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Managed Care and Physicians, 2002.
Presenting the physician's view on managed care within the health sector of the United States.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Many physicians agree that managed care is not doing the job it was originally created to do. This paper shows that, although reform efforts have not worked in the past, many doctors believe now is the time to revisit reform to combat the lack of health care access to a growing number of Americans, escalating costs, and deteriorating quality. This paper explores the evolution of managed care, and its problems and possible solutions from the viewpoint of two organizations representing the interests of physicians.
From the Paper
"In 1993, President Clinton introduced a plan for regulated health care reform in response to escalating costs and the growing ranks of the uninsured. From 1970 until the time of the reform proposal, health care spending had increased from $74.4 billion to $752 billion annually. The Clinton proposal was met with huge opposition from the ?medical industrial complex? comprised of insurance firms, pharmaceutical companies, hospital suppliers and medical device companies and from the public who had been led to believe that the plan would give the average American less choices and higher costs. After the plan was rejected, Americans turned to managed care to control health care costs, to improve the quality of care, and to preserve their choice of provider and insurance plan. By 1999, ninety-one percent of all employees with health insurance were enrolled in managed care programs ranging from Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) that require enrollees to select from a network of doctors, to Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) that provide more flexibility in doctor selection at a higher cost than HMOs."
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Medicare Capitation For Physicians, 1999.
Examines definition, strengths and weaknesses of this compensation, impact on care and services, integrated care delivery and managed care.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This research examines the issue of capitation-based compensation for physicians. The findings of this research are presented in discussions covering the definition of capitation, the more traditional fee-for-service physician compensation system, motivations to change the physician compensation system, strengths of the capitation-based physician
From the Paper
"MEDICARE CAPITATION FOR PHYSICIANS: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, AND ANTICIPATED CHANGES
Introduction
This research examines the issue of capitation-based compensation for physicians. The findings of this research are presented in discussions covering the definition of capitation, the more traditional fee-for-service physician compensation system, motivations to change the physician compensation system, strengths of the capitation-based physician compensation system, weaknesses of the capitation-based physician compensation system, and anticipated changes in the system.
Capitation-Definition
Capitation is a method of payment through which service providers are paid a flat fee for each person to whom service is ..."
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Physicians and Substance Abuse, 2005.
This paper analyzes a research article on the topic of substance abuse in medical experts.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates a research article that was developed to understand the role of external intervention in the substance abuse of physicians in different specialties. The paper explains that for many physicians, job stress becomes too great to bear and therefore there is a greater likelihood of substance abuse, requiring support and intervention from external sources.
From the Paper
"Today's medical experts often possess many serious issues of their own doing, which may interfere with their ability to practice medicine in an acceptable manner if these issues are ignored for any length of time. For physicians, the intense pressures of this highly stressful and demanding career often affect the ability to act professionally and to share knowledge with others in the field, which may ultimately compromise their patient's care and well being. Therefore, in some cases, when a substance abuse problem is detected in a practicing physician, it is necessary for them to seek professional support in order to better manage their problems through outside intervention, as well as to limit the interaction performed with patients in the process."
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The Work of Nurses and Physicians, 2002.
Compares the value society places on the nursing profession with the value it places on the doctor's profession.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the work of nurses and physicians. Nursing is considered to be women's work and women's work has very little value in our society. Nursing is just as important as medicine and it is actually a profession. However, the reason for the difference in the way that the public sees nurses and doctors is found in gender.
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General Practice Physicians and Medicaid Discrimination, 2004.
A research proposal to study discrimination in the medical field against Medicaid recipients.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This proposal attempts to answer some questions, such as whether patients of general physicians who receive Medicaid benefits are provided the same quality medical treatment and respect as those who do not and whether these patients are being discriminated against. The goal of this paper was to find if there is discrimination against Medicaid patients in general practice medical offices and whether there is a correlation between participation in a Medicaid program and health care discrimination.
Outline
Introduction
Literary Review
Method
Timeline
Budget
From the Paper
"Each State places limits on the duration, amount, and type of services for each individual based on a series of guidelines. One of the requirements each state has to comply with is allowing the patient the freedom of choice among health care providers participating in Medicaid. In addition, generally all States are required to provide comparable coverage to the needy eligible persons in all categories. These implements may help reduce the amount of discrimination that may occur as a result of being on a federal program. With the option to choose from a variety of doctors, patients may be able to avoid or leave a discriminating situation. At least in this case they will have a choice. However, since Medicaid is an income-based program, there is a strong chance of discrimination."
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Female Physicians and Lawyers, 2006.
This paper explores the struggle for women's rights and autonomy.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how historically, women have been considered the caregivers in society. Taking care of children, the home and catering to their husbands needs have been acceptable roles for women in the social order. However, in the twentieth century women began to demand that they be capable of being independent of men and that their societal roles be of their own choosing. The paper discusses how the struggle for women's rights that reached its climax in the 1960s forced society to begin to view women as intelligent, capable and resilient human beings that could take on multiple roles and still be as successful as their male counterparts in business. Yet, although women proved their capabilities, the paper notes that there was often still an issue of respect for them as professionals that was lacking.
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Independent Physicians, 1993.
The decline of autonomy & authority of doctors caused by changing social, economic & medical factors. Looking at history, consumerism, costs and corp. issues.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" Starr (1982) and Thomas and Sehnert (1989) report that the role of the physician has dramatically been altered, when comparing history to current times. Starr (1982) reports that the growth of medical authority on the part of in dependent physicians did not come easily, nor without political consequences. In fact, before physicians could transform into a position of high income, autonomy, and other attendant rewards, they confronted during the 1760s to the 1850s, tension between their aspirations and political resistance. Note the following.
In the nineteenth century, many Americans, epitomized by the Populists, continued to believe in the adequacy of common sense and to resist the claims of the professions. On the other hand, there were those, like the Progressives, who believed that science provided.."
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Death with Dignity Act (DWDA), 2006.
This paper is a literature review of physician-assisted suicide and a policy analysis of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act (DWDA)
7,800 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that some of the issues regarding physician-assisted suicide are the evolution of rights, ethics and "the slippery slope" argument. The author points out that the issue of physician-assisted suicide has rapidly moved from being a secret, marginal matter to a real topic of discussion for most people in the United States. The paper contends that the issue of physician-assisted suicide is related to the availability of end-of-life palliative care.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
The Federal Government and States Treat Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Courts
Doctors Speak Their Mind on Physician-Assisted Suicide
Scope of the Problem
A Question of Healthcare
Do The Terminally Ill Really Want Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Breakdown of Policy
Legislative Counsel Committee of the Oregon Legislative Assembly
How the Act Was Brought Into Being
Subsequent Progression to Present Day
From the Paper
"In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that affected assisted suicide and made it illegal. They overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal striking down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, were found to violate the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court basically declared that no constitutional "right to die" existed, but individual states might enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide."
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Financial Incentives and Physician Behavior, 2002.
A discussion on the correlation between the financial incentives that are offered to physicians by Managed Care Organizations, physician behavior and ethics.
8,662 words (approx. 34.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 182.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the relationship between the financial incentives that are offered to physicians and their behavior and their ethics. It evaluates, through a literature review and data support, the belief that physicians are spending less time with their patients under pressure from Managed Care Organizations. It shows how because less time is being spent with the patients, the quality of care offered by the physician has gone down and how this is one of the problems with managed care.
Outline
Introduction
Background
Conflicts and Capitation
Purpose of this Research
Goals of this Research
Literature Review
Quality of Care Components
Payment Methods
Physician Behavior
Kaiser Family Study Theoretical Implications
Financial Incentives
Theoretical Implications
Ethics
Methodology
Results and Findings
Discussion
From the Paper
"There was a problem with the MCO system, however. It created a conflict of interest for many physicians. The main concern was that the quality of care was being compromised because physicians had to be careful how many tests they ordered and how many referrals they made. Because of the quota, there may have been people who needed more advanced care and didn't get it. Not all physicians minded the system, of course, because there are some people in every profession who are only out for the paycheck. The physicians that were dedicated to helping their patients, however, soon took issue with the MCO system."
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Dr. Death, 2004.
A discussion about Dr Kevorkian, also known as Dr. Death, who helped several patients to die through physician-assisted suicide.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the moral and ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide by examining the case of Dr. Kevorkian. It discusses whether his acts were criminal or moral and whether the entire issue of euthanasia should be allowed in the medical profession.
From the Paper
"Dr Kevorkian is known as Dr. Death. (Vonnegut, 1999) This benevolent, unassuming medic made it his lifelong ambition to allow those suffering from terminal disease to die with dignity. Dr. Kevorkian's role was limited to a point; the afflicted person administered the drugs themselves. But then in a demonstration of brazenness, on National TV, Dr. Kevorkian administered the drug to a patient himself. Dr. Death was convicted of first-degree murder and is now confined to a life sentences in a prison in Michigan."
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