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Philip II's Mediterranean Strategy, 2003.
A discussion on the nature King Philip II of Spain's Mediterranean strategy in the 16th century.
2,047 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how much of Philip II?s Mediterranean policy focused on a ?necessary? war, waged with an unknown chance of victory and how questions still remain as to whether or not Philip possessed a Grand Strategy and the influence it had on events in the Mediterranean. It references Braudel from a thematic perspective and uses Geoffrey Parker's notion of 'Grand strategy' as a basis for the argument. It also discusses and analyse the threat of the Turk, the threat of France and England and explores the actual aims and objectives of the Spanish strategy in the Mediterranean in context to 16th century Spanish society.
From the Paper
"The scale of Spain?s Empire in the 16th century can prove somewhat misleading when studying Philip?s attitude towards the Mediterranean. With lands from Sicily to Cuzco forming the ??greatest empire ever known since the creation of the world??, it is perhaps difficult to distinguish between Philip?s imperial strategy and his Mediterranean policy. Philip?s imperial strategy was generally defensive. The Armada was sent to protect the Netherlands from the English threat and to put an end to attacks on colonial Spain and her privateering and France and Germany were both occupied in defence of the Netherlands. Whilst affairs in the Mediterranean may well resemble a similar theme, the main difference was the nature of nature of the opposition."
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Philip of Macedon II, 2007.
This paper discusses how Philip of Macedon II was successful as a king and leader.
962 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, although there were several historical figures named Philip of Macedon, Philip of Macedon II is the best known of all of them. The paper explains that he was the king of Macedonia and considered to be the father of Alexander the Great. The paper describes how Philip changed the system of aristocrats in Macedonia, a brilliant move that improved education in the kingdom and also created a new generation of people loyal to Philip. The paper shows how his tactics were brilliant because rather than using brute force, Philip of Macedon II was able to use social skills to bring people to his side.
From the Paper
"Philip of Macedon was successful as a military leader, and did a lot of incredible things while king. For example, when expanding his kingdom, he was able to beat the hill tribes in a single battle, in 358 B.C., and he used the Social War to his advantage to gain further power. He also took control of Amphipolis, which had previously belonged to Athens, and therefore gained a lot of wealth through their gold mines. He conquered Crenides, Abdera, Maronea, and, among many other cities, Methone, where he lost one of his eyes in battle. ('Philip II...') Losing his eye aside, he was unchallenged by military opponents for the most part, until 352 B.C., when the Athenian army opposed him and prevented him from marching into central Greece."
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Philip II and the Decline of Spain's Wealth, 2006.
This research paper considers the factors that led to Spain's economic decline under Philip II's rule.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a consideration of the economic decline of Spain under the rule of Philip II, in the late 16th century. The paper discusses the major issues involved in Philip's mismanagement of the economic and foreign policy of Spain that contributed to the decline. The problems of inflation, foreign wars, debt and lack of Spanish productivity are highlighted.
From the Paper
"When Philip II ascended to the throne of Spain in 1556, by all appearances he was the wealthiest king in the Western Hemisphere. Spain had, since the beginning of the 16th Century, extended its kingdom over much of the Mediterranean and it was the leading power in the race to colonize the New World of the Americas. It appeared that Philip II had inherited a financially powerful empire from his father, Charles V, and was set to govern a growing and important nation into an era of riches and conquest (Elliott). However, by the time he abdicated the throne in 1598, Philip II had overseen the disastrous decline of Spain's wealth and prominence, resulting in a bankrupt and weakened nation and a crumbling empire (Kamen). This research paper will consider the factors that led to the economic decline of Spain under Philip II's rule."
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Philip II and Louis IX, 2002.
A comparison of the leadership, foreign policy and domestic policy of the French kings Philip II and Louis IX.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the achievements of Philip II with that of Louis IX. It will concentrate on three topics i.e. leadership, foreign policy and domestic policy.
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Philip II of Macedonia, 2002.
An analysis of the reign of Philip II of Macedonia and his achievements.
4,615 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that Philip began his reign as leader of a poor, war-torn land on the outskirts of mainland Greece and by his death he had strengthened the previously weak central government, enlarged and modernized his army and implemented economic and social reform. The paper traces the life and career of Philip after his father's untimely death. It provides answers to the questions: Do Philip's considerable achievements make him worthy of the title 'The Great' that his son Alexander won by his legendry conquests and: Was Alexander just carrying out his father's plan, the hard work already having been done, or were his conquests down to his own skill, drive and vision?
From the Paper
?In conclusion, however key Philip?s accomplishments were in allowing Alexander to conquer the mighty Persian Empire it was Alexander, not Philip, who, by his superb skills as a general, his vision and daring, sometimes rash risk taking, was the one that did the conquering. And it was the conquering that won Alexander the title ?The Great?. In rugby, no matter how impressive a run, how many tackles broken or defenders sidestepped by a player setting up a try, it is the man that takes the ball over the line that gets the glory. For this reason, I believe Philip does not deserve the title ?Great? even though his deeds undoubtedly were."
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"The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World", 2002.
A review of Fernand Braudel's work, "The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, VOL. 1."
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Fernand Braudel's great work, "The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, VOL. 1." This paper looks at the methods used by Braudel in this work to showcase his ideas and to prove his thesis.
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Philip the Prudent, 2002.
Aspects of Philip II's reign are examined - his administrative ways, foreign policy, religious beliefs, characteristics, in relation to his epithet 'the prudent.
2,590 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
Covers the policies and character of Philip II's reign in attempting to determine the accuracy of his nickname The Prudent King. Contemporary and recent sources used to illustrate Philip's strengths and weaknesses, and a balanced conclusion is reached with regards to whether he deserved his epithet. Major events of his reign are refered to, including the campaign in the Low Countries and against England. Philip's personal principles and religious beliefs are examined. The difficulties faced by 16th century European rulers acknowledged in addition to outlining the shortcomings which at time made Philip a distinctly 'imprudent ' king.
From the Paper
"The proverbial qualities of Philip II leave little doubt as to how he came to be assigned the nickname ?the prudent? - for he faced many of the challenges set against him with care and profound thought. Often mindful of the future, he displayed a capacity for administrative industry and put the advice offered to him by his father in the ?Instructions? to the best use he could. It is vital, however, to consider how the ?prudence? exhibited by Philip could at times lead to his adopting highly imprudent methods of government with regards to both the domestic situation in Castile and the prosecution of Spanish foreign policy."
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Phillips II, 2002.
A paper on the reign of Phillips II, the Macedonian King.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper on Philips II, King of Macedonia, focuses on how Philip II expanded the Macedonian empire. This paper provides a brief background of Philip II, starting from before he inherited the thrown. This paper highlights how the Macedonian leader entered Athens and conquered it, using tactics and strategy. The paper also offers a brief account of all the battles fought by Philip II?s army and how he played a great role in the evolution of his battalion.
From the Paper
"One of the greatest empires of the world ever formed, The Macedonian Empire lasted for 36 years, beginning with the accession of the throne by Philip II in 359 BC and ending with the death of his son, Alexander the Great in 323 BC. During the rule of these two eminent leaders, Macedonia rearranged its position on the world map. Before the reign of Philip II, many kings had ruled Macedonia namely, Argej, Filip I, Aerop, Alketa, Aminta, Aleksandar II, Perdika II and Arhelaj. Before Philip II, Macedonia had great enmity with Persia and some of the Greek states, among which Athens was the most prominent."
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Treat Your Children Well, 2001.
This paper presents a theoretical discussion about who killed the King of Macedonia, Philip II.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This six-page paper presents a theoretical discussion about who killed the King of Macedonia, Philip II. The writer moves to explore an idea and theory that is out of the ordinary but still one that has been debated for many years.
From the Paper
" The history books tell us that Macedonia had a king named Philip the second. We have learned that he was not only a shrewd man, a great strategist but that he was assassinated as well. When looking for the person to blame for his death it is easy to point to the man who actually killed him. That was his right hand man and guard. He went down in history as the person who actually murdered the king. While this fact is not in dispute it does not paint the total picture about how the King died. Over the years many theorists have put together an idea about the King?s son, Alexander the Great. After much deliberation there seems to be a group of experts and laymen who believe someone else did the dirty work but it was Alexander himself who arranged the killing."
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Pope John Paul II, 2005.
This paper reviews and examines the life of Pope John Paul II, as portrayed in Tad Szulc's "Pope John Paul II, The Biography."
2,045 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the life and many achievements of the head of the Catholic church, Pope John Paul II. Author Tad Szulc argues in his book "Pope John Paul II, The Biography" that despite a seemingly difficult life and an even more unlikely rise to power, Pope John Paul II played a large role in the collapse of European communism. This paper also details many interesting revelations and historical facts of Pope John Paul II's life.
From the Paper
"Pope John Paul II has never deviated form the rigid principle he set forth with the start of his papacy. He will not stand for any public dissent within the church on matters of Catholic morality, ethics, faith and interpretation. He subsequently banned all controversial theological debates, citing the old Roman adage, causa finita est, meaning, when Rome speaks the matter is closed. Although his appointment seemed a harsh reality, John Paul none the less took up an almost opposite stance when it came to the poor and oppressed, becoming a powerful advocate for third world nations."
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Basel II Banking Supervision, 2008.
This paper deals with the consequences of Basel II regulations for Europe, the United States and some developing countries in the Middle East, especially Egypt.
3,739 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Basel II that was published in June, 2004 in order to set international standards for banking regulation. The paper examines the effects of Basel II on Europe and the United States and its effect on some developing countries in the Middle East, Egypt in particular. The paper shows how the Basel II accords bring needed transparency and better risk reporting, but have relatively little effect on the emergence of better banking in developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Basel I's creation and evolution
Banking in Egypt Prior to Basel II
Economic Changes in the Developing and Developed World
Comparison of Financial Performance
Convergence and Trade with Money-Center and Developing World Financial Institutions
Basel II Main Tenets
Implementation of Basel II
Focus of Basel II Differs from the Focus on Developing Country Financial Systems
Implications for Egypt and Other Developing Countries
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basel's committee on banking supervision was established as a response to the changes in world currency in the years leading up to 1974. By that time, the US and Great Britain had decoupled their currencies from gold and silver which had been established in the 1940's, and therefore offered a 'pure' promissory currency. Increases in oil prices in 1974 led to massive transfers of wealth to Middle Eastern nations, and several banks were imperiled by these changes."
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How Alexander the Great Deployed his Army in Battle, 2002.
The essay examines the composition of the army that Alexander inherited from Philip II and looks at how he utilized the army in his four major battles during his campaign into Asia.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why made Alexander the Great was one of the finest military commanders in history. The composition and organization of the army are analyzed and his tactics used in his four great battles.
From the Paper
"Alexander the Great ascended to the throne at a time when the Macedonian empire was at a crossroads, yet within ten years of coming to power in 336BC Alexander was within striking distance of the Indus valley after destroying the greatest empire the world had ever seen up to that point. The noted military tactician and historian J.F.C Fuller says of Alexander?s succession to the throne, ?When Philip was assassinated Alexander was barely twenty years of age and as yet so inexperienced and untried that it seemed to all Greece that the Macedonian empire was about to dissolve.? The description of Alexander by Arrian as ?always masterly? says a lot of his capability as a general, but Alexander had inherited numerous advantages from Philip II. This essay will seek to demonstrate whether or not Alexander was a tactical genius or not, on and off the battlefield. I will now go on to discuss the advantages that Alexander had inherited from Philip II."
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Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease, 2007.
This paper discusses the connection between a Mediterranean diet and the reduction of cardiovascular disease.
3,807 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Mediterranean diet, which is a nutritional model inspired by the traditional diets of the Mediterranean area of Europe. The writer explains that the traditional Mediterranean diet includes a lot of fruits and vegetables, breads and whole grains, olive oil, fish and that the Mediterranean diet does not include a lot of meat or dairy. The writer then discusses that although some people are concerned about adequate nutrient levels of this diet, as well as concerns about the speculated weight gain from the olive oil, clinical trials have repeatedly shown that this is a healthful dietary choice. Further, the writer notes that from the perspective of cardiac rehabilitation, it is important to note the significant findings from many studies show that a Mediterranean-type diet is likely to reduce the risk of cardiac problems.
From the Paper
"Over three thousand men and women from Attica, Greece, were studied to determine the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the incidents of both heart disease and cancer, as related to the total antioxidant capacity of these individuals who do not show any clinical signs of cardiovascular disease. The difference between this study and the majority of studies that had been completed previously is that in previous studies, individual nutrients or foods were analyzed. In this study, however, the complete Mediterranean dietary pattern is taken into consideration for analysis, giving more insight into the potential benefits of this dietary style. Each of the participants in the study was first assessed using a diet score to determine how strictly each set of personal eating habits follow the traditional Mediterranean diet. According to the study by Pitsavos, there was a direct correlation between how closely an individual followed the "inherent characteristics of this diet" and cardiovascular health; specifically, the Mediterranean diet is shown to encourage high levels of total antioxidant capacity, as well as lower oxidized LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Total antioxidant capacity is positively correlated with the consumption of olive oil, red wine, and fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, diets high in animal fats and saturated fats induce atherosclerotic diseases. These factors help to explain why the Mediterranean diet is healthful, though these are not necessarily the only factors involved."
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Mediterranean Piracy, 2003.
A discussion on the significance of the impact of piracy on life in the Mediterranean in the 16th century.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how piracy was endemic throughout the Mediterranean and how it affected all who dared put to sea, whether in actual plundering and raids or just in the fear of attack. It looks at how such sea-goers were predominantly merchants and traders and thus the mercantile health of the Mediterranean suffered at the hands of these privateers and corsairs. It explores the impact of piracy on the social habits of the mediterranean people including the settlement patterns dictated by piracy, the effect and influence on trade as well as the impact, nature and density of piratic activity in the 16th century Mediterranean world.
From the Paper
"The impact of piracy on 16th century trade cannot be ignored. The wealth of resources circulating the Mediterranean made privateering ??the land of opportunity?? . Such resources included gold, silk, spices and crucially, grain. Braudel describes piracy as ??eating the food of others in order to remain strong?? suggesting a sense of both dependence and subsistence, which in turn perhaps helps explain a motive behind the incessant targeting of merchant vessels. In the second half of the 16th century over one hundred and fifty trading craft were captured and plundered each year. The capturing of such vessels and their cargoes would result in shortages elsewhere in the Mediterranean and where the concerned cargo was grain the impacts were particularly significant."
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Pharaoh Ramses II, 2008.
This paper describes the extraordinary reign of Pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt (c.1279-1212 BC), also known as Ramses the Great.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pharaoh Ramses II was a powerful ruler, a successful diplomat, a masterful publicist and prolific builder. The author points out that Ramses II, whose throne name was "Usi-ma-re Setepenre" ("Strong in right is Re, Chosen of Re"), was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. The paper includes a section of "Epic Poem of Pentaur" in which Ramses II describes the battle as a personal triumph under insurmountable odds against the Hittites. The author describes Ramesseum, a mortuary temple in Thebes, built by Ramses II as a memorial to praise forever his military and diplomatic achievements, and Pi-Ramses, modern Qantir, the great capital city. The paper relates that one of the major discoveries in Pi-Ramses occurred in the early twenty-first century when archaeologists unearthed a glass making workshop.
From the Paper
"Ramses II set out to recapture Kadesh, a strategically located city in Syria. Ramses II took his troops into the area of Kadesh. While traveling toward the city, he and his first two military divisions became separated from the remaining two divisions that lingered behind him. Two men who had met up with the Egyptian army provided intentionally false information to the Egyptians as to the location of the Hittite army. Believing that the Hittite troops were farther off than their actual location (while waiting for his remaining divisions to arrive) he moved his troops near the city and began to set up camp."
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