| Papers [1-5] of 5 | Search results on "PHEROMONES": |
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Pheromones in Humans: The Sixth Sense, 2002.
An explanation and examination of the concept of pheromones in humans.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the biological aspects of pheromones in humans. Pheromones are chemicals that drive reproductive behavior in many species. Research in recent decades has shown that human beings are no exception.
Introduction to Pheromones
The History of Human Pheromone Research: Specific Studies
The Biology Behind Pheromones in Humans
The Future of Pheromones
References
From the Paper
"Pheromone research has been done across several species. Pheromones are chemicals that drive reproduction behavior within many species. Research in recent decades has shown that human beings are no exception. Pheromones are social-environmental chemical stimuli that are produced by one individual and detected by another individual of the same species (Kohl, 1996). In most circumstances, this pheromone communication leads to physiological and behavioral changes, affecting both individuals involved. Pheromones elicit their influence on an animal whether or not an animal is conscious of its involvement, and likewise, may not be aware if they are compelled to respond."
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Pheromones, 2003.
A look at how pheromones play a part in sexual attraction and the selection of mates.
2,648 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how humans possess the fives senses of sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste, and how evidence shows that there may be a sixth sense that we are not conscious of, but leads us to react to our environment in specific ways. It looks at how chemicals that act as signals among members of the same species are known as pheromones. It provides a critical summary, through a literature review, of the state of existing knowledge about pheromones and points out what has been studied to date, how adequate and dependable those studies are, and various gaps that exist in the body of research regarding pheromones.
Outline
An Overview of Pheromones
Review of Findings on Pheromones
Critique of Extant Research and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is an aspect of the olfactory system that is found in most mammals during their embryonic stages. It is located above the hard palate on both sides of the nasal septum and consists of a pair of blind-ended tubes opening into the nasal cavity. The epithelial receptor cells lack cilia, and their axons branch out to an accessory olfactory bulb that projects into the limbic system. Basically, the VNO represents an accessory of the olfactory system that translates olfactory signals into neuroendocrine responses. Scientists used to believe that it only existed in lower mammals and in primates during the embryonic stage. Recent findings have shown, however, that it also exists in adult humans."
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Pheromones, the Vomeronasal Organ and a Sixth Sense, 2001.
An investigation into pheromonal/chemical communication between humans and the associated psychological and physiological reactions.
2,784 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The pheromonal communication between members of the same species has been extensively studied in animals. But, it has only been in recent years where it has been attempted to apply this type of research to higher level organisms such as primates and more specifically humans. This paper explores the current scientific research focusing on chemical communication between humans with pheromones and a controversial pheromone receptor in the human nasal passage called the Vomeronasal organ. It is believed that these pheromones may be responsible for a hidden sixth sense that humans perceive as their own intuition or gut feel.
From the Paper
"It has long been known that animals and insects communicate with each other via chemical messengers called pheromones. The primary function of these chemical signals is to attract members of the opposite sex of the same species for the purpose of mating. Insects such as ants also use these signals to indicate the presence of things such as food or danger. The pheromonal communication between members of the same species has been extensively studied in animals. But, it has only been in recent years where it has been attempted to apply this type of research to higher level organisms such as primates and more specifically humans. Yet, before these data can be explored further the method through which this communicative process takes places must be further explored. At the heart of the matter lies a small organ in the nasal cavity known as the vomeronasal organ or VNO."
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Mouse Salivary Androgen Binding Protein, 1997.
Looks at how ABP possibly acts as a pheromone and may play some role in mate and/or subspecies recognition in Mus musculus.
3,750 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"Mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP), found in the saliva of the house mouse, or Mus musculus, has been found to have an interesting polymorphism. The alpha subunit of ABP has been found to be monomorphic for each of three subspecies of Mus musculus (domesticus, musculus, and castaneous), designating each subspecies with a different allele of ABPa (ABPa a, ABPa b, and ABPa c, respectively). ABP is thought to have evolved separately as Mus musculus radiated from the origin near the Punjab river valley about 500,000 years ago. Structural studies of this protein have shown that ABP is a dimer composed to two subunits, alpha and beta. Variations in the amino acid and DNA sequences of the alpha subunit have been found to exist between subspecies, but hardly any variation exists within the subspecies, reinforcing the idea that ABP is diagnostic of the subspecies. Behavioral studies involving mice and ABP have determined that female mice chose male saliva of their own ABP type significantly more frequently than male saliva of another ABP type. Therefore, ABP possibly acts as a pheromone and may play some role in mate and/or subspecies recognition in Mus musculus. If ABP's function has been determined correctly, then ABP is contributing to the speciation of Mus musculus, despite close contact of subspecies at the hybrid zones, where subspecies come into contact again after divergence from the origin."
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Love, 2002.
An essay on the chemistry that creates the emotion of love.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concept that love is the emotion, which ascribes to a specific physical and physiological set of body changes. It describes that loves occurs in a person whose pheromones most closely match or please that of another person. The paper answers the basic question, "what is love?" through a series of scientific texts and explains the effects that love-the-emotion has on the physical body.
From the Paper
"What, then, are the ?chemicals? which tell the body love is in the air? The first one, released all through a partner?s love-life, is known as the ?cuddle? hormone. It is called Oxytocin and is released by the hypothalamus gland during childbirth as well as in (smaller) quantities when one spends time with one?s loved one. During sexual climax, more oxytocin is released into the bloodstream. Scientists believe that oxytocin helps encourage bonding among adults. The second is a chemical cocktail known as PEA. This stands for Phenylethylamine and is what causes one to fall in ?love?."
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