| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY": |
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Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
An overview of the pharmaceutical industry from an international perspective.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing an analysis of the pharmaceutical industry. It presents a summary profile of the dominant economic characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry and then analyzes the industry through Porter's Five Forces. This is followed by an identification of key industry trends in the pharmaceutical industry. It then applies these findings briefly to the pharmaceutical company called Merck Inc.
From the Paper
"Drug packaging demand is predicted to grow at a rate of 4.3 percent annually in the United States through 2006. According to the report by the Freedonia Group, ?Blister packaging will remain the top group based on strength in unit dose, compliance, clinical trial, high barrier and high visibility formats. Pouches and strip packs will compete with blister in unit dose. Prefillable inhalers and syringes will grow the fastest in market value? (Freedonia Group)."
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Pharmaceutical Industry, 2006.
This paper discusses how the pharmaceutical industry affects the U.S. economy.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the global growth of the pharmaceutical industry and at the important part it plays in the U.S. economy. The writer notes that the United States accounts for 46 percent of the world's pharmaceutical market. The writer discusses the volume and cost of prescriptions dispensed in the United States.
The fact that the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most dynamic and largest sectors in the U.S. economy is examined in this paper. Further, the writer looks at the biotechnology and research fields in this regard. The writer concludes by looking at the growth in employment within the pharmaceutical industry.
From the Paper
"In 1995, the total retail cost of the prescriptions dispensed in the United States advanced 13.9 percent to $64.6 billion, and in terms of prescription volume, the retail market grew 8.3 percent with 1,235,708,000 and 912,565,000 new and refill prescriptions, respectively, dispensed. The pharmaceutical industry continues to look for innovative ways to reach new customers, for according to the Task Force for Compliance of the National Pharmaceutical Council, "noncompliant patients cost the U.S. economy an estimated $100 billion yearly in lost productivity and extra medical costs, not to mention lost product sales." To target the problem of under use, the industry implements disease management programs, as well as patient-focused education and promotional programs."
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International Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
A general analysis of the pharmaceutical industry, using the company, Merck & Co., Inc., as a case in study.
882 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly performs a general analysis of the international trends of the pharmaceutical industry in terms of global or local issues. It looks at the strategies of the leading company, Merck & Co., Inc., and reviews the governmental policies toward the pharmaceutical industry.
From the Paper
"Merck & Co., Inc. announced in a recent report that they had made submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PROQUAD, which is a vaccine for children. The composition of the vaccine is a cocktail like mixture of the chickenpox, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Also expected by Merck for submission is 'muraglitazar' which is the "first-in-class 'dual PPAR agonist for Type 2 diabetes treatment in collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb."(Merck & Co, Inc. 2004)"
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Quality Initiatives in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2002.
An analysis of the enormous demands placed on the pharmaceutical industry by the public and government agencies.
2,980 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the pharmaceutical industry's role as one of the largest contributors to economic growth in the United States. It illustrates the tremendous pressure the pharmaceutical industry is under, to meet the increasing demands for their product and maintain the quality standards of the regulatory agencies. The writer explains why it is in the best interest of the industry to attempt to maintain the high standards placed on them.
From the Paper
"According the US Business Reporter (2002), annual spending on prescription drugs is expanding at close to 14% on and annual basis. Several companies and drugs have led this increase, particularly Warner-Lambert's Lipitor, Eli Lilly's Zyprexa, Monsanto/ Pfizer's Celebrex, and Merck's Vioxx (US Business Reporter, 2002). The same article notes that the pharmaceutical industry typically operates on a 14-15% profit margin. This makes the pharmaceutical industry one of the largest contributors to economic growth in the Untied States."
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Sales Revenues and Profits in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of changes in sales revenues and profits in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry from 1980-2000. It includes several original graphs based on relevant statistics.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how changes in sales revenues and profits in the pharmaceutical industry are related to the business cycle with regards to the gross domestic product, consumer price index, and unemployment rate from 1980-2000. The following guidelines were followed: 1) analysis of the pharmaceutical industry and finding revenues and profits from the period of 1980-2000; 2) how revenues and profits in the industry varied over the period 1980-2000; 3) how the business cycle behaved over the period of 1980-2000; 4) variations in revenues and profits with swings in the business cycle and the juxtaposition of industry revenues and profits against the business cycle;and 5) strategies recommended for firms in the industry dealing with the business cycle. A summary is provided in the conclusion. Several original graphs are also included.
From the Paper
"One expert suggests the modern pharmaceutical industry began in the 19th century with the discovery of highly active medicinal compounds that could most efficiently be manufactured on a large scale. As these compounds replaced herbal medicines of earlier times, the occurrence and severity of such diseases as pernicious anemia, rheumatic fever, typhoid fever, lobar pneumonia, poliomyelitis, syphilis, and tuberculosis were greatly reduced. Pharmaceutical industry research has greatly aided medical progress; of the 66 most valuable drugs introduced since aspirin in 1899, 57 were discovered and then produced in industrial laboratories (Atherton, 2002). Today, the pharmaceutical industry is comprised of the processes, operations, and organizations engaged in development and manufacture of drugs and medications (Atherton, 2002). In the U.S., the pharmaceutical industry is followed by the Standard & Poor 500 (S&P 500)."
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Qualified Personnel in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2002.
A paper which shows how medically qualified personnel can add value to the pharmaceutical industry.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
By examining several examples, the paper shows how medically trained personnel play a key role in bridging the gap between the pharmaceutical industry and the medical industry. It shows that as well as the medical knowledge, the ethics and patient focus of a medically trained professional also adds value to the industry and to health and patient care in general.
From the Paper
"This is also valuable working in the opposite direction. Medically qualified personnel can communicate the needs of the medical community to the pharmaceutical industry, for example if a new drug is needed for a certain condition. If a strong need is communicated, the pharmaceutical can put research funding into searching for a suitable new drug. Based on the commercial nature of the pharmaceutical industry, it is logical that pharmaceutical companies will work to develop products if they know there is a market for them. This helps both the medical industry, the pharmaceutical industry and ultimately, the public and the patient as well."
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Crimes in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
A review of rampant crime in the pharmaceutical industry and a discussion of the reasons behind the temptation.
2,541 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing an overview of a history of crime in the pharmaceutical industry. It then analyzes the phenomenon of corporate crime in the industry and common types of crimes. Further discussed is crime in university laboratories and an analysis of the motives for these crimes.
From the Paper
"Despite common belief, pharmaceutical companies choose most of the drugs that are prescribed, not doctors. This creates many opportunities for crime and bad business practices in the pharmaceutical industry. For example, celecoxib, the largely promoted COX-2 drug for arthritis, sold over $1 billion before a single study was published in a medical journal comparing it to similar drugs."
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The Evolution Of Marketing In The Pharmaceutical Industry, 2002.
Discussion of the history of the pharmaceutical industry.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Pharmaceutical marketing has evolved over the recent years. This paper discusses its evolution in the background of birth and growth of pharmaceutical industry.
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Quality Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
Presents a literature review relating to the issue of total quality management (TQM) in the pharmaceutical industry.
2,267 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
Good manufacturing practices (GMP) are considered part of the quality control system for companies producing pharmaceutical products. GMP principles aim to ensure the regular production for products that conform to the health standards required from regulatory bodies. GMP provides the general basics to determine the minimum acceptable requirements for the production at good products, covering all the activities related to the production process. This paper hypothesizes that, although ISO 9000 certification, which is the world-wide quality management and quality assurance standard, is not required for pharmaceutical companies, only those with a company culture mature and ethical enough to implement TQM successfully will be able to successfully implement GMP (industry-specific standard). There has been a great deal of confusion concerning whether being in compliance with the pharmaceutical GMP would successfully lead to obtaining ISO certification with minimum changes and costs, or whether achieving ISO certification is going to be a long and expensive road. This paper hypothesizes that the ultimate success of a company?s ISO program will not depend solely on how well-defined its quality system is, but rather its commitment to maintaining GMP.
From the Paper
"In general, this is mainly because the companies have not taken seriously enough the fact that TQM involves a cultural change for the organization. It creates a shift in power between boss and employee. Many managers, especially those who were inadequately trained, have seen employees as accessories to their jobs - as people to be told what to do. People who are disempowered often fail to take initiative in identifying process or sub-component faults. According to the laws of human nature, employees treated this way will leave a great deal of work to be handled by management. According to the theories of TQM, managers have to learn to support, encourage and listen."
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ISO 9000, TQM and the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2005.
An analysis of the impact of corporate culture on quality system implementation efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry.
17,897 words (approx. 71.6 pages), 41 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The total quality movement has one core idea: Products and services must achieve the highest attainable quality; in fact, nothing less will do. As a result, the two past decades or so have seen the rise of a philosophy aimed at maximizing organizational quality. The use of existing world standards for quality control, such as the standards in the ISO 9000 series, can help organizations achieve these goals, but there are some constraints to the process that must be resolved before the maximum benefits of such approaches can be realized. These comprehensive and extensive standards are differentiated by generic product categories and sectors and provide general quality control principles for all manner of products and services. This paper hypothesizes that the ultimate success of a company's ISO program will not depend solely on how well defined its quality system is, but rather its commitment to maintaining GMP. The study is defined as exploratory in nature with aim to provide an insight into previous research on these topics. Chapter one provides an introduction and overview. Chapter two provides a comprehensive review of the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature; chapter three presents the study's methodology and data-gathering method, followed by a statistical analysis of the survey findings in Chapter Four. A summary of the research, conclusions and recommendations are provided in the concluding chapter.
Outline
Abstract
Key Word Definitions
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background and Overview
Importance of Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Methodology and Research Questions
Rationale
Summary
Chapter 2: Review of the Relevant Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-Gathering Methods and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix A
From the Paper
"To accomplish this goal, a TQM system can direct a company's resources to operate in union with improved efficiency in satisfying customer needs and thus achieving higher profitability. Good manufacturing practices (GMP) are regarded as a part of the Quality Control System for companies producing pharmaceutical products (Lorsch, 1986). GMP principles seek to ensure the regular production for products that confirm with the health standards required from regulatory bodies. GMP provides the general basics to determine the minimum acceptable requirements for the production at good products, covering all the activities related to the production process. There has been a great deal of confusion concerning whether being in compliance with the pharmaceutical GMP would successfully lead to obtaining ISO certification, with minimum changes and costs), or whether achieving ISO certification is going to be a long and expensive road."
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The Pharmaceutical Industry, 2005.
Examines whether prices of medicine in the United States should be regulated.
2,166 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the pharmaceutical industry and answers the question of whether the costs of pharmaceuticals in the United States are too high, and whether the cost of pharmaceuticals should be regulated. Further, this work attempts to answer the question of whether the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) is adequately protecting U.S. citizens from unsafe drugs and whether the U.S. Congress has been co-opted by the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, this work addresses the affordability of the new pharmaceutical benefit that was recently enacted under the Medicare Modernization Act.
Paper Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Literature Review
Parallel Trading - Arbitrage of Pharmaceuticals
Case Study of Prescription Drug Movement by FDA and U.S. Customs
Medicaid's Prescription Plan - Passed April 2004
Putting Two and Two Together
Case Study in Relation to Costs-Markup by Medicare
Clinical Trials Report
Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A study was conducted by the Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Customs in 2001, tracking the movement of legal prescription drugs across seven of the U.S. borders crossings. Detected were 586 individuals carrying 1,120 drugs across borders in a four-hour period. Only half of these individuals were carrying valid prescriptions that were either U.S. or Mexican prescriptions. Politicians from Montgomery, Alabama and Springfield, Massachusetts also arbitrate drugs from Canada for their municipal employees and New England U.S. Department of Health and Human Services intends to provision 100,000 residents with arbitraged prescription medications. (Morais, 2004)"
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The Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the impact of Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) of two multi-national pharmaceutical companies, Abbott Laboratories and Baxter Corporation, in their U.S., Canadian, and Brazilian markets.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper delineates the objectives of the study: (1) To determine the impact of the environment in which the organization operates by using the PESTLE and SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunity-Threats) analysis methods;, (2) to present a brief history of the companies and to evaluate the products manufactured and sold; (3) to understand the health care market, the impact of laws and regulations and the role of national and local governments; (4) to perform a Michael Porter?s five-force analysis; and (5) to investigate the role of SCP. The author relates that this thesis will be based on a literature review and secondary data collection. The paper stresses that this study will provide useful information to policy and decision makers in the industry.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Reflections and Potential Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Competition is very intense in the modern day organization. Companies are increasingly striving to differentiate their products and services in the market in order to gain higher profits and a greater market share. Portfolio management, product life cycle management, decision analysis and risk analysis are becoming some of the strategies that have to be used by managers and executives all over the world. For-profit organizations are investing a lot of money and human resources to help identify variables that can make their organizations competitive in their respective markets. Failure in managing any one variable can result in the overall failure of the organization."
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Pharmaceutical Industry, 1999.
An Industry overview.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
An Industry overview including economics, products, major firms, sociocultural factors, research and development, mergers and competitive structure
From the Paper
"The pharmaceutical industry is described by the United States government in the Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC) manual as the Pharmaceutical Preparations Industry, SIC 2842. The industry group is 283, which is drugs. The industry is described as follows:
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing, fabricating, or processing drugs in pharmaceutical preparations for human or veterinary use. The greater part of the products of these establishments are finished in the form intended for final consumption, such as ampoules, tablets, capsules, vials, ointments, medicinal powders, solutions, and suspensions. Products of this industry consist of two important lines, namely: (1) pharmaceutical..."
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Pharmaceuticals Liability, 2002.
An investigation of product liability in the pharmaceutical industry by looking at the the rights of both the plaintiff and defendant.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the legal grounds under which a plaintiff can file a lawsuit against the pharmaceutical industry, and how the pharmaceutical industry can best answer the claim. Through addressing these issues, it shall be made clear as to which rights the plaintiff (consumer) has, and which rights the defendant (pharmaceutical industry) has within the court system. This paper shall use the case of the drug Tambocor in the 1980s and the early 1990s to better define the limits of the laws for both plaintiffs and defendants.
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The Drug Industry, 2002.
A study on the American pharmaceutical industry.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the drug industry in the United States and discusses whether the industry is prescribing health or their wealth to the American people. It describes the ineffective efforts of Congress to control skyrocketing drug costs, partly due to our political system's soft money. The paper finds that all pharmaceutical corporations seem to be making excessive profits at the expense of many Americans who can least afford it, while foreign countries are able to benefit from lower priced medical drugs developed by American companies.
From the Paper
"Prescription drugs are not just about saving lives and curing ills in America; they are extremely big business. Pharmaceutical companies are some of the most profitable companies in the world, and as their profits continue to soar, so do prescription drug prices. "This year, [2000] residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia will pay manufacturers some $96.5 billion for brand name prescription drugs" (Peace Treaty 2), and these costs only keep increasing (by 15 to 20 percent per year, according to researchers) (Peace Treaty 3)."
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