| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PHARMACEUTICAL ETHICS PRACTICE": |
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Pharmaceutical Ethics And Practice, 2008.
An analysis of whether a revised code of pharmaceutical ethics and practice would lift the professional practice of pharmacy to new heights of ethical proficiency and integrity.
1,554 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the revised code of ethics for British pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. It discusses the provision of medical care and the important role that pharmacists play in the public health system in the UK. The paper also looks at the possiblity of lifting the professional practice of pharmacy to new heights of ethical proficiency and integrity through a revised code of pharmaceutical ethics and practice. The paper provides the writer's personal views on the issue, as well as the writer's learning diary.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Key Principles
Role and Responsibilities
Ethical Development
Advertised Drugs
Discussion
Commentary
Learning Diary
From the Paper
"The global withdrawal of the drug Rofecoxib from the market in 2004 illustrates this point. Rofecoxib was no more effective than alternative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treating the symptoms of arthritis but it was widely promoted as safer and accepted by the public as such. Although there were studies that it brought the side effect of increased heart disease risks, the drug made it big in the market, with 80 million prescriptions worldwide3. The market success of the drug is a testament to the triumph of marketing over science. Only after the US Food and Drug Administration reported 35,000 cases of cardiac arrests and a congressional investigation was consequently held that the drug was pulled out. The incident highlighted the need to ensure that health professionals are adequately prepared to evaluate promotional claims, and to assess and understand interactions with the pharmaceutical industry."
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Pharmaceutical Company Ethics: Profit Before People, 2001.
An examination of the ways in which the pharmaceutical industry manipulates the system, people and doctors in an effort to maximize their profits.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in depth look at the ways in which pharmaceutical companies unscrupulously put profit before people. Five of the main ways in which they do this that are discussed are; manipulation of research, undue influence over doctors prescribing practices, direct-to-consumer advertising, discrediting of their competitors pharmaceutical and natural alike, and investing only in profitable research. Each topic is discussed thoroughly with credible sources to back the data up.
From the Paper
"The pharmaceutical industry wants people to believe that their main goal is to help people. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) has even begun airing feel-good commercials featuring people whose lives have been saved by medications. In reality, they spend billions of dollars every year to ensure their true purpose, maximum profit. Their influence begins in the research lab, where the sponsor, usually a pharmaceutical company with a huge financial stake in the findings, has more to say over how the study is conducted and what information is released then the actual investigators, leading some of the foremost medical journals in the world to fight back with strict guidelines. After the pharmaceutical companies get their products approved, they engage in a campaign of bribery to persuade doctors to prescribe their name brand, expensive drugs over their competitor's products. Not wanting to leave it up to the doctors alone to endorse their products, the pharmaceutical industry has started advertising directly to an unwitting populace, on television and in popular magazines. Pharmaceutical companies use their political power and vast economic resources to discredit and undermine non-drug treatment options for various diseases, particularly by attacking the burgeoning field of holistic medicine. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical companies have a long history of not investing in research that would lead to drugs for diseases that effect the world's poor, because there is little profit to be made in developing nations. Through various immoral practices, the pharmaceutical companies put profit ahead of the interests, health and safety of consumers. "
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Pharmaceutical HR Practices, 2005.
A discussion of Michael Johnson's article, "Investing Full Time in Company-Wide Associates," about CVS's human resource practices.
787 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how CVS' human resources department put a pharmacy technician training program into place that was strategically designed to help alleviate the growing time burden placed on CVS' pharmacists by developing qualified assistants.
From the Paper
"The training program's success has been carefully tracked using quality control statistical measures since its inception in 2002. "[It's] one of the benchmarks that we use around gauging our success," comments its developer, adding that the program has significantly reduced overall employee turnover. CVS' pharmacy technicians have apparently flourished under the program. The CVS technicians lead the industry on their scores of passing the Pharmacy Technician Certification Boards. CVS technicians have the highest passing rating of any drug chain. More than 90 percent of those individuals enrolled in the CVS technician program pass the industry test. Striving to have the best pharmacy technician and the best pharmacists in the business make life easier for CVS customers. (Johnson, 2002) "
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Ethics and Environmental Ethics, 2006.
An investigation into ethics and how they apply to natural resource management.
4,455 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper defines ethics and explains some of the different viewpoints on ethics that exist. The paper then gives a critical view of ethics. Next, it discusses Aldo Leopold's land ethic. The paper concludes that there are many different opposing viewpoints in ethics and every person must make up their own ethics by which to live.
Table of Contents:
How do we Define Ethics?
A complicated System of Groups
Ethical Theories
Deontological Versus Teleological Theories
Every Situation is Different
The Critical View of Ethics
The Never Ending Story
Ethics as a Limiting Factor
Ethics as Propaganda
Ethics and the Environment
Aldo Leopold's Ethics
Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic
Conclusion
In the Literature
The Rose Theory
From the Paper
"In order to discuss ethics, one must first attempt to understand the intricacies involved in this discipline. First, a distinction must be made between ethics and morality. "Ethical wisdom consists in knowing how to frame the ideal, and moral sagacity consists in knowing how to put the ideal to work and realize it in practice" (Rader 1964). In other words, ethics may be thought of as the theory by which morality is practiced. Although separate ideas, neither morality nor ethics can exist without the other. Once this distinction is made, the question must be asked, is ethics a science? Researchers have long tried to answer this question, and many have come to the following conclusion. It is believed that ethics is a "normative science: concerned with norms and standards not empirical facts" (Rader 1964)."
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Ethical Egoism and Ethical Relativism, 2002.
Examines the positions of ethical egoism and relativism about morality of individual action and their validity in the contemporary discourse of philosophy.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that ethical egoism underlies a fundamental assumption of self-interest and happiness whereas ethical relativism holds that morality is relative to the norms of society.
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Pharmaceutical Marketing, 2002.
An overview of the pros and cons and the ethics of pharmaceutical marketing to physicians and consumers.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the pharmaceutical industry and its practice of marketing its products directly to physicians and consumers. The ethics of this practice are discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this practice to physicians and consumers.
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Globalised Code of Ethics in Law, 2008.
A thesis examining the need for a globalised code of ethics for law.
65,535 words (approx. 262.1 pages), 262 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines whether or not there is a need for a globalised code of ethics for transnational legal practice. The first chapter of the study presents the background of the issues, which includes the globalisation of business and ethics: phases of globalisation and implications for legal ethics and globalisation and the practice of law. The paper then goes on to discuss the methodology of the study and present its conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter One: Introduction To The Study
Background Of The Problem
Globalisation Of Business And Ethics
Globalisation And The Practice Of Law
An Ethical Code For A Globalised Legal Profession?
Statement Of The Problem
Research Questions
Research Method
Assumptions And Limitations
Description Of Thesis Organisation
Chapter Two: Issues Of Globalisation
Introduction
Global Business Issues And Globalisation Of Law
Evolution Of Globalised Legal Ethics
The Need For Global Ethics: Complexities Across Borders
Privileged Communication
Money Laundering
Publicity
Discrimination
Conflict Of Interest
Confidentiality Of Data
Conclusion
Chapter Three: Legal Ethics And Professionalism
Introduction
Concepts Of Professionalism
Purpose Of Legal Ethics
Professional Self-Regulation
Summary
Chapter Four: Morality And Ethics
Introduction
Ethics And Morality
Ethics And Philosophy
Impacts Of Globalisation On Professional Ethics
Conclusions
Chapter Five: Development Of A Globalised Code Of Ethics
Introduction
Efforts To Develop A Globalised Code Of Ethics
The Iba's Code Of International Legal Ethics
The Aba's Model Rules
The Ccbe's Code Of Conduct
Comparison Of Code Provisions
The General Agreement On Trade In Services
History Of The Gats
Framework Of The Gats
Developments Regarding The Creation Of Disciplines
The Potential Use Of Gats As A Means Of Establishing A Globalised Code Of Ethics
Conclusion
Chapter Six: Framework Of A Globalised Code
Introduction
Problems Attendant Upon The Development
And Promulgation Of A Globalised Code
Disparities In Legal Traditions
Enforcement Issues
Framework Of The Globalised Code
Use Of The Ccbe As The Foundation Of The Code
General Principles And Minimum Standards Of The Globalised Code
The Need For Flexibility
Conclusion
Chapter Seven: Current Trends In Ethics Education And Training
Introduction
Disparate Codes Of Ethics And The Imperatives Of Unification
Opposition To A Universal Ethics Code For The Legal Profession
Ethics Teaching In Law Schools
Resistance To Ethics Teaching
Orientations To Legal Ethics In Law Schools
Legal Education And Professional Education Theory
Contemporary Legal Education
Aclec: Critique Of Legal Ethics Education
The Ethical Challenges To Legal Education Reform
Continued Ethics Training
Conclusion
Chapter Eight: Conclusions And Recommendations
Findings Of The Study
Is A Globalised Code Necessary?
Globalisation
Globalisation And The Practice Of Law
Professionalism And A Globalised Code
Morality And Ethics
The Movement Toward A Globalised Code Of Legal Ethics
Framework Of A Globalised Code
Recommendations
A Globalised Code Is Necessary
How To Achieve The Goal Of A Globalised Code
Legal Ethics Education Reform
The Question Of Ethics Training For Lawyers
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The questionability of the core assumption contained in 'ethics training as sanctions' does not invalidate the proposal itself. The application of a redefined version of the 'ethics training as sanctions,' one which acknowledges that ethic violations are often deliberate and express an innate disregard for the code, can positively contribute to the strengthening of the legal ethics project. As Goodlad (1995) argues, the greater majority of legal practitioners have not benefited from a law education which centralised legal ethics or which integrated the imperatives and components of ethics evaluation and moral judgment and practice into the academic curriculum. Therefore, their ethics development, as contrasted to their academic development, is immature (p. 93). Within the framework of this understanding, the preponderant lack of commitment to the ethics code emanates, not from lack of knowledge but, from lack of understanding. Ethics training is beneficial in this regard insofar as it can create and transmit that understanding, thereby compensating for the legal ethics education deficit (p. 94)."
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Social Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Companies, 2004.
Study of the ethics of pharmaceutical companies when conducting business and promoting their products.
5,370 words (approx. 21.5 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses several questions concerning the ethical conduct of pharmaceutical companies. The paper considers whether doctors that sit on the boards of companies can be impartial when they make decisions to financially back research/drugs of the pharmaceutical company they represent, as well as what should be the corporate responsibility of the pharmaceutical companies. Also considered is whether pharmaceutical companies have systems in place to keep them ethically responsible and if advertising by pharmaceutical companies actually creates a demand for prescriptions when no need actually exists. Numerous graphs and tables are included.
From the Paper
"Indeed, one of the unique aspects of advertising prescription pharmaceuticals is the caveat ?Ask your doctor?. The consumer cannot go out and directly purchase the product (note that via the internet this is now possible), but traditionally must receive a physician?s endorsement by way of a prescription. The pharmaceutical industry uses this reasoning to defend its promotional tactics, claiming that because doctors ultimately authorize prescriptions the public is insulated from deceptive advertising. Yet research indicates that doctors are likely to prescribe drugs patients request under increasing pressure. Patients often insist on brand names over generic drugs, some of which are just as effective and less costly."
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Jewish Ethics, 2008.
A look at how Jewish ethics go beyond secular ethics to promote an overall ethical lifestyle.
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Jewish ethics, setting out to prove that Jewish ethics often exceed the societal expectations of a morally just individual. The author goes on to illustrate, with examples, the extent to which Jewish ethics aims to promote social and communal harmony. The paper also compares Jewish ethics to secular ethics in order to demonstrate how Jewish ethics go above and beyond secular ethics to ensure that all individuals in society are treated with the utmost respect, dignity and compassion.
Outline:
Jewish and Secular Ethics
Social and Communal Harmony
From the Paper
"In proving that Jewish ethics go beyond secular ethics to promote an overall ethical lifestyle, it would be useful to explain the two ethical traditions in greater detail. The relationship between religion and ethics is about the relationship between revelation and reason (Ashby, 1997). Religion is based in some measure on the idea that God reveals insights about life and its true meaning. These insights are collected in texts (the Torah) and presented as "revelation" (Borowitz & Schwartz, 1999). Ethics, from a strictly humanistic secular perspective, is based on the tenets of reason: Anything that is not rationally verifiable cannot be considered justifiable; it is up to the individual's logic to decide whether something is right or wrong. From this perspective, ethical principles need not derive their authority from religious doctrine. Instead, these principles are upheld for their value in promoting independent and responsible individuals--people who are capable of making decisions that maximize their own well-being while respecting the well-being of others (Nielsen, 1973). In contrast, most subsequent Jewish ethical claims may be traced back to the religious texts, themes and teachings of the written Torah. The best known rabbinic text associated with ethics is the non-legal Mishnah tractate of Avot, popularly translated as "Ethics of the Fathers" (Lazarus & Szold, 1900). These written and oral traditions guide the Jewish individual to an ethically, just lifestyle. The ethical Jewish individual is obligated to follow such principles (not just individual actions) and will be held accountable for them after their death. Jewish individuals are obligated to show compassion to all walks of life that exceeds that of the societal norm, to study and also to not only respect every individual but to genuinely respect and take care of one's own body and mind in order to respect others holistically (Bulka, 2002)."
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Christian Ethics, 2004.
This paper discusses Christian ethics, its true meaning or definition, the source and foundation of Christian ethics, and the overall nature of these ethics.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Christianity is based on concepts from the biblical laws set forth by the Ten Commandments; therefore, the basis of any Christian ethics discussion begins with the Ten Commandments, the true source, foundation, and nature of the "Christian Ethics" philosophy. The author points out that Christian ethics must allow believers to accept the fact that mankind will never meet God's standards, but they must continue to comply with those unreachable standards. The paper stresses that Christian ethics must have believers who are willing to do good deeds as penance and teach the spirit of these laws in order to attain the graces of God.
From the Paper
"The religious philosophies surrounding Jesus Christ have begun to move away from historical accounts of the biblical writers to more of a shift in the Christian Ethics. In other words, the meanings of the ethics as opposed to the historical facts have become a modern way of interpreting scripture. As the Roman Catholic Church registers a diminishing support base, there has still been an overall global rise in the following the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Christian philosophy. These interests are being fueled on more or less the New Testament ethics because apparently the historical teaching methods have not been able to make it as teaching tools in the modern world. The appeal of the Christian biblical studies about Jesus no longer uses history as a tool for understanding the biblical texts or Christian Ethics."
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Marketing Ethics, 2004.
A look at the importance of marketing ethics in the business world.
4,284 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the relevance of marketing ethics in current business environment and the extent to which ethical issues should be taken into account while devising marketing strategies. It attempts to understand the nature of marketing ethics and analyzes the possible impact of ethics in marketing from different viewpoints, based on the theories and research work carried out in this field. It identifies and explains how marketing ethics can be improved in practice, as well as ways to integrate ethics in formulating and implementing marketing strategies. It also examines the efficacy and impact of popular marketing strategies with ethics, analyzes the role of ethics in advertising, explains the elements of consumer ethics, and discusses the role of legislation to enforce marketing ethics.
Outline
Marketing Ethics and the Business Environment
Nature of Marketing Ethics
Research on Marketing Ethics
Improving Marketing Ethics
Implementation of Ethical Standards in Marketing
Ethics and Advertising
Marketing Strategies with Ethics
Green Marketing
Marketing Intelligence and Corporate Espionage
Consumer Ethics
Regulation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Marketing ethics is a sub-set of business ethics and examines the moral issues relating to marketing decisions made by organizations. Although its roots can be traced back to the 1960s, marketing age is believed to have come of age only in the 1990s, thanks to extensive research on the subject carried out in the decade before. (Murphy, 111). Several topics make up the fabric of marketing ethics ? product quality, safety and liability, fairness in pricing, honesty in advertising and selling, privacy in internet database and marketing. According to Kotler, in recent years, people have started questioning the value of marketing concept, when the world is faced with environmental degradation, resource shortages, hunger and poverty and neglected social services."
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Medical Ethics, 2004.
This paper discusses, by assailing deontological ethics and virtue ethics and defending utilitarianism, a medical ethics case in which the medical professionals must decide whether or not to perform gender-altering surgery.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that utilitarianism states that the morality of a surgical gender assignment can be derived as an outcome that would be considered either good or bad; the overall morality of the philosophy and procedure would then be determined based on the positive or negative outcome. The author points out that medical ethics does not fall under deontological ethics because the philosophy states that there are absolute right and wrong answers for every case. The paper relates that, in a situation like surgical procedures, the solution to any problem must be derived on a case-by-case basis and, therefore, cannot have one universal truth; doctors do not have the freedom to decide the future of the newborns without statistical proof that their decision will benefit the child.
From the Paper
"In this scenario, the surgery for many years was considered as a good alternative to going thorough life deformed. In the case study, it was uncovered that the twin John/Joan, as she aged, was not at all happy with her situation after it was documented in medical journals as a highly successful pro-surgery example. The results of the case study for the twin John/Joan was completely wrong and could even be considered a serious act of malpractice. The twin?s brother even said that his medically altered sister was very manly throughout her early years and even suggested that she always wanted to be a garbage man. ?At the age of six or seven, Joan told her brother she wanted to be a garbage man: "Easy job, good pay."? Since the twin John/Joan?s case was the basis for surgery in the majority of cases, it also should be the basis to not perform the surgery from this point forward. The utilitarianism moral issue now says the medical community should not perform the surgery in the bulk of the cases and it is also morally wrong to withhold the fact that the surgery was performed."
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Professional Ethics, 2002.
This paper explores various dimensions of professional ethics and identifies ethical issues by using the following real life business examples: General Electric, the IRS, and the local government in Colorado Springs.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that, with the Enrons, WorldComs, and Qwests of the world so much in the news, the issue of professional ethics has become popular; but, for managers, regulators and scholars, ethics has been an area of intense discussion for a long time. The author uses the example of the Code of Professional Ethics of the Association of the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) and the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) to define ethical behavior. The author concludes that ethics never exist in a vacuum, but are a reflection of popular beliefs, opinions, and sensibilities.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Ethical Behavior in Special Professional Situations
The Ethical Behavior of Corporate Managers in General and Human Resources Managers in Specific
Case 1: General Electric
Case 2: The IRS
Case 3: Local Government in Colorado Springs
Standards of Professional Ethics
Final Words
From the Paper
"Is there an ethical dilemma in recording employee phone calls? Let us think of various issues associated with this:
1) Are employees informed before hand that their calls will be recorded? Are they sensitized to the reason that this is done? If the answer to both these questions is a ?Yes?, then it seems more acceptable. Nonetheless, let us not look at this case in isolation. What if this gets extended to routinely video taping company activities? Where does one draw the line dividing monitoring and invasion of privacy?
2) How would the end customers (the one at the other end of the phone call) be better served? Is there a perceived increase in the quality of service? If so, the taping might begin to seem more acceptable."
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An Analysis of Ethics and False Advertisement, 2002.
This business ethics paper discusses ethics in advertising, examines the issues involved, and includes a summary of the facts.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This nine-page business ethics paper discusses ethics in advertising, examines the issues involved, and includes a summary of the facts. The author analyzes a list of the potential solutions, provides a pro and con evaluation summary for each potential solution, and selects the best solution. He then provides analysis and justification for his reasoning, while stating ethical and philosophies and identifying obstacles likely to be encountered in implementing the solution.
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Ethics, 2002.
A discussion on ethics with an emphasis on information ethics.
1,266 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the topic of ethics and shows how ethics are different from morals and values. It is a field of human inquiry that examines human actions and reactions as to what is right or wrong. The paper discusses how ethics help a person define their moral rules and how a person without ethics will have no morals. It shows how people have to make ethical dilemmas almost every day about life without even realizing it and gives examples. In particular, the paper discusses information ethics in an age of advanced technology. The internet has created the ability to obtain all types of information about people and places and information ethics has become a serious issue.
From the Paper
"Is this different from computer ethics or from cyber ethics? Is there a need for information ethics? In my opinion, it is important to have ethics concerning information. Cyber ethics might only include computers. There is a need to include cell phones, too. Definitely ethics is important in the new technological world. Are there different ethics that are related to information, computers, and cyberspace, are they old issues that are dressed differently? In my opinion they are similar to the ethics that a person already has, but they are different and should be addressed as being different."
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