| Papers [1-15] of 79 :: [Page 1 of 6] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 —> | Search results on "PET IMAGING": |
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PET Imaging, 2005.
This paper discusses the use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans to reduce the need for exploratory surgery and other invasive techniques and to target better radiation therapy in cancer patients.
3,785 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is an advanced imaging technique that can differentiate between malignant lesions and benign lesions in almost every process in cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment because PET is more sensitive than CT scanning or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. The author explains that for PET scanning, the patient is injected with positron emitting radionuclides and placed in a tube and surrounded by a ring of detectors; when one of these high-energy photon rays is detected, the source location can be determined and mapped by a specialized software package. The paper relates that, after radiation and surgery there is considerable damage to surrounding tissue; therefore, it is often difficult to distinguish living cancer cells from morphological changes caused by surgery or tissue death caused by radiation; however, because dead tissue and cancer cells have different glucose metabolism rates, they are easy to distinguish by PET imaging.
Table of Contents
Improving Outcomes for Radiation Therapy
How PET Scanning Works
Radiation Therapy
Using PET to Analyze the Effectiveness of Radiation Treatments
From the Paper
"Because PET scanning is based on glucose levels, it is important that these be controlled prior to the scan. Patients are usually told to fast for 4-6 hours prior to the test. However, they can drink water and take any medications that they are on. The goal is to get the base glucose level lower than 160 mg/dL before administering the FDG or other isotope. Patients with diabetes should continue their routine of eating small meals and taking their insulin. Then these small inconveniences, PET imaging is non-invasive and causes little discomfort to the patient."
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Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, 2003.
An analysis of the efficacy of positron emission tomography imaging versus gamma camera imaging today.
1,904 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how nuclear medicine is a medical specialty that involves the use of radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. It looks at how positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is used extensively as diagnostic tool in the U.S. and Europe, but has limited availability in the U.K. It shows how the information obtained from these examinations can differentiate between different organs without the need for the patient to undergo surgical procedures. It also examines how, despite the long history of PET development, the costs and effectiveness of its use in routine clinical practice remain unknown. It reviews the relevant literature to determine whether PET imaging should be used more extensively in the U.K. instead of conventional nuclear medicine imaging.
From the Paper
"These researchers report that despite the long history of PET development, the costs and effectiveness of its use in routine clinical practice remain virtually unknown. However, what is known is that the bottom line for these and other advances in medical technology is clinician and patient accessibility. According to Michael Johns, "Physicians who do not have access to or choose not to utilize cutting-edge technologies could potentially limit the care provided to their patients. But for many in the developing world, the cost of new equipment and materials continues to be prohibitive. Even in the West, both public and private insurance agencies take into account the cost of a test or therapy before deciding whether to pay for it" (2001, 132)."
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Imaging of Brain Activation, 2003.
Discusses functional and future tools for the imaging of brain activation, exploring EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, and others.
6,100 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 56 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
How the brain functions has been of great interest to man for centuries, and in the past few decades, technology has created tools to investigate this process. This paper provides an overview of the five major imaging modalities for brain function: EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, and SPECT. The paper discusses the technology, the applications, and the future applications, as well as explores the current issues in the area. The paper includes colored photographs and figures.
From the Paper
"Functional imaging tools in current use include electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Functional brain imaging is used to diagnose and track the treatment of various brain disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other psychological disorders. Functional tools are also used in complex pre-surgical planning and surgical mapping. Issues in the literature relate to the removal of artifacts and increasing resolution. Future directions of the technologies include the combination of modalities, development of surgical planning methods, clinical applications in stroke research, and future uses in epilepsy."
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Brain Imaging Studies and Understanding Memory, 2002.
This paper highlights the advances in imaging technology that have allowed scientists to discover how memory works and the areas of the brain involved.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the different advances in brain imaging-techniques have contributed to scientists increased ability to understand the concept of memory. It looks at the advent of Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and what they have meant to the increased ability to understand and treat brain, and memory disorders.
From the Paper
"For example, fMRI was found useful for research by Awh and colleagues (1999) to observe brain activations during the performance of a spatial working memory task. In this investigation, subjects were given a spatial working memory task and a control task. Using fMRI the researchers found a functionally distinct, region that showed sustained activity during the spatial working memory task, confirming the location for the neural bases for that function. In the past, researchers who wanted detailed studies of human brain activity struggled because they lacked effective investigative tools. In experiments with humans the best technologies brought only limited success in mapping the processes of consciousness."
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Medical Imaging Techniques, 2003.
Discusses how various imaging techniques work.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 16 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Discusses early development, methods, radiology and traditional x-rays. Covers digital imaging and x-rays, computer tomography scans (CT), positron emission tomograpohy (PET) tomography and gamma rays, and thermography.
From the Paper
"The first imaging techniques developed for medicine, x-rays, were discovered in 1985 by William Roentgen, and they were first used in medicine in 1896 (Lentle and Aldrich, 1997). Early radiology was chiefly concerned with skeletal morphology."
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET), 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to determine the current and potential clinical applications for positron emission tomography and to develop a "best practices" approach to developing a partnership between cognitive scientists and neuroscientists.
3,065 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Positron Emission Tomography (PET), an
imaging technique, allows clinicians to localize safely and monitor accurately the activity of areas in the normal human brain during specific mental tasks. The author points out that the traditional methods of research, such as experiments in memorizing and observation of individuals who had suffered localized brain damage, have been facilitated by innovative methodologies, such as positron emission tomography, that connect human behavior to specific brain structures and functions. The paper relates that the research methodology will be a critical review of the scholarly and relevant literature, followed by a qualitative and quantitative analysis of how partnership between cognitive scientists and neuroscientists can be created and improved based on the technique's demonstrated efficacy in various clinical settings. Color illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
How Positron Emission Tomography Works.
Figure 1. Typical Positron Emission Tomography Device, Clinician and Patient
Radionuclides Used in PET
Figure 2. PET Scan of Damaged Human Brain
Methodology
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
From the Paper
"PET provides clinicians with a functional brain-imaging technique to identify brain regions activated in motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional processes. "PET is based on a simple principle: a radioactive isotope that emits [[Beta].sup.+] particles (i.e., positrons, with a mass equal to an electron but with a positive electrical charge) is artificially integrated into a biological molecule and then injected intravenously." In the various PET applications, a chemical compound that is "labeled" with a short-lived, positron-emitting radionuclide (either carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) is injected into the body. The activity of such a radiopharmaceutical is then measured quantitatively throughout the target organs through the use of photomultiplier-scintillator detectors."
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Pets.com, 2002.
This paper examines the external environment factors which affect the business model of Pets.com - a pet food retailing and E-Commerce enterprise.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by looking at the basic business plan of Pets.com and then analyzes each of the several external environment factors which influence this model. These factors include economic forces, social forces, cultural forces, demographic forces, environmental forces, political forces, legal forces, governmental forces, technological forces and competitive forces.
From the Paper
"It is safe to say that the Internet already is changing retailing and, in particular, the pet food market. Industry statistics in 1998 suggested that Americans spend some $10 billion a year on pet food, along with paying prices ranging from $80 to $1,200 a year for dogs and $50 to $900 a year for cats. Thus far, it is impossible to actually buy dogs or cats online, so Pets.Com is contenting itself with selling the food and accessories that pets need -- or rather, what their owners perceive that the pets need. For Pets.Com to grab any sizable share of the $10 billion being spent on foods and accessories, it must create business models that allow it to survive while the nation adjusts to buying dog or cat food online."
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Life in a Pet friendly Society, 2006.
A review of the ideal pet friendly society.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in a pet friendly society pets offer human kind their services as teachers, therapists, healers and companions. It discusses how pets have the ability to share in the work that humans endure, as well as aid people in feeling more secure. The paper further defines a pet friendly society as one in which cures for cancer may be achieved, or disabled people are allowed to exist in dignity.
With little more than a request for food, shelter and love, pets enhance the lives of every human being. Pets do not care about race, gender, level of education, income, or the mistakes that people make. Regardless of those that suggest that pets are a bothersome inclusion in the world, a pet friendly society even serves the naysayers and skeptics with positive outcomes.
From the Paper
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"Food Pets Die For", 2005.
Analyzes the essay "Food Pets Die For" by Ann N. Martin which scrutinizes the effect of commercial pet food on domestic animals.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
"Food Pets Die For" consists of seven years of research trying to get to the bottom of what people actually put into their pets' food dishes. The paper examines how author, Ann N. Martin, uses negative images, select phrases and a specific tone in order to bring her readers' attention towards the problems with commercial pet food.
From the Paper
"Being an animal's right activist vastly influences her decision on this topic. Of course Martin feels pity for animal's whose carcasses go to feed other pets as well as those pets that must eat the carcasses of their companions. Martin is not going to want to shed any good information about these companies, all the information that is shared has the intention of being as incriminating as possible to have a better chance of getting readers to find alternative foods to the commercial pet foods."
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The Pet Business, 2007.
A discussion regarding the US pet business, particularly the doggie day care service.
3,233 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the pet business. Specifically, the paper discusses the business in America focusing primarily on doggie day care services. According to the paper, the pet business in America is booming, and shows no signs of slowing down anytime soon.
Outline:
The Pet Business
Doggie Day Care
Other Pet Businesses
Protecting Pets
From the Paper
"With the growing number of two-parent workers and long hours spent at work, many people chose not to own pets because they did not have time enough to devote to them. Doggie day care has changed that. The business is growing phenomenally, and even corporations such as PetsMart now offer doggie day care services in addition to grooming and training. The industry started out small, with centers operated by local area entrepreneurs who saw a need and began to fill it by opening small centers where a few dogs could spend time together. As the idea caught on, more and more centers have opened, and at least one company, Central Bark, offers franchises throughout the country. Central Bark's website refers to dogs as "children" or "babies," something that is very consistent with many pet owners, who treat their pets as their surrogate children. This phenomenon is also growing, and is helping fuel the growth in all aspects of the pet care business. This doggie day care company recognizes this, and refers to their day care as "preschool" for pets, tapping into the emotional side of the pet care business, and attracting owners who treat their pets like children."
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Pet Therapy, 2002.
Examining the effectiveness of pet therapy on terminally ill patients.
2,348 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the pet therapy literature in order to determine the approach's efficacy for remediating the pain and/or suffering of the terminally ill patient. It discusses manners in which this treatment may help the patient refocus his/her energy on the pet. It looks at the benefits of pet therapy as a complementary intervention in the management of pain and stress. The paper ends with the formulation of conclusions based on the reviewed material.
From the Paper
"Aiken (1994) reports that people with terminal illnesses experience a variety of emotions and concerns. These include: fear of the unknown, loneliness, sorrow, pain and suffering, loss of self-control, loss of identify and all of the physical and debilitative losses associated with the terminal condition. Palliative medicine can be a help for some of the pain and stress these patients are experiencing; however, more and more frequently, hospitals and hospices and other health-care organizations are supplementing their treatment with diverse forms of "alternative medicine" (Broadie & Biley, 1999)."
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Benefits of Pet Therapy for the Terminally Ill, 2001.
Examines studies on use of pets as an "alternative medicine" to relieve pain & stress in terminally ill patients. Concludes that although controlled studies were not used, interaction with pets proved beneficial.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"Aileen (1994) reports that people with terminal illnesses experience a variety of emotions and concerns. These include: fear of the unknown, loneliness, sorrow, pain and suffering, loss of self-control, loss of identify and all of the physical and debilitate losses associated with the terminal condition. Palliative medicine can be a help for some of the pain and stress these patients are experiencing; however, more and more frequently, hospitals and hospices and other health-care organizations are supplementing their treatment with diverse forms of "alternative medicine" (Broad & Billy, 1999)."
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Pets and Lifestyle, 2008.
This paper is a research project to study the relationship of pet ownership and a healthier lifestyle and life-satisfaction.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the hypothesis for this study is that pet owners would have a healthier lifestyle and a higher life-satisfaction rating than non-owners. The author reports that the participants of this study consisted of a group of 100 students who elected to take this survey for class credit. The author relates that the results of this study did not support this hypothesis suggesting that there was no significant relationship between pet ownership and lifestyle choices or life-satisfaction. The paper concludes that the reason this study contradicts previous studies, which revealed a positive relationship between pet ownership, health, and well-being, is that the sample was young, lived with other people and was not random.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Method
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Results
Figure. Correlation of Pet Ownership and Life-Satisfaction
Discussion
From the Paper
"To gather data for this study, an online survey was prepared and put on the SONA Systems website. This survey consisted of several multiple-choice questions regarding pet ownership, health, and lifestyle choices. The survey also asked for demographic information, such as age and gender. One example question is "how would you rate your life-satisfaction?" And the responses available included: very satisfied, fairly satisfied, unsure, fairly unsatisfied, and very unsatisfied. The same format was used to ask questions regarding behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and fast food intake."
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Pet Therapy, 2002.
An examination of the use of pet therapy in treating and assisting the disabled.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines previous research in the concept of pet therapy. It shows that pets are extremely useful in providing a method of contact and support for those in need and looks at the different manners in which pets are utilized. This paper shows that, if correctly planned, targeted, and assessed, pet therapy can play an important, even vital, role in the treatment and comforting of individuals of all ages and backgrounds, at all levels of the health care service.
From the Paper
"Animal-assisted therapy has a long, but undocumented history, and only within the last half of the twentieth century has research and professional response been conducted on the use of animals in therapy. Although AAT is often perceived as being a modern modality, the first known therapeutic use of animals started in Gheel, Belgium in the ninth century, where learning to care for farm animals has long been an important part of an assisted living program designed for people with disabilities. The earliest uses of animal-assisted healing were for psychiatric patients, most notably at the York Retreat in England, founded in 1792 by the Society of Friends as an alternative to conventional therapy at "lunatic asylums" of the period. Patients were taught self-control as they were charged with the routine care of the animals in the program, and the program became a model for reform of other asylums (Mallon, 1992)."
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Effects of Pet Owning on Mental Health, 2007.
A discussion regarding pet owners and the effect of the animals on their mental state.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how pets can have an effect on the mental health of their owner. The paper also reviews literature related to this issue and how such effects of pet ownership include reduced loneliness, less depression, helping people to cope with stress, aiding childhood development and enhancing family life.
Contents:
Reducing Loneliness
Calming Effect of Pets
Overcoming Depression
Childhood Development
Enhancing Family Life
Which Pets Have the Greatest Effect on Mental Health
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research shows that pets play a useful role in strengthening family relationships and are usually regarded as members of the family. They are associated with greater family cohesion and reducing family tensions due to their shared bond with all family members. Pets are often the subject of interest and discussion in the family and bring the family together through collective activities like taking walks together. As a result, pets contribute significantly to an increase in family happiness and fun. Pets are of particular importance during personal or family illness, death of friends and family members or a family crisis. For instance, they fill an important gap in a family's life when children grow up and move out, or a when a spouse leaves home after divorce. In such situations, they become even more a part of the family and fill an important emotional need of the parents or a lonely spouse."
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