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Personal Counseling Theory, 2006.
This paper discusses the development of the writer's personal counseling theory.
4,920 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a synopsis of the writer's personal counseling style, the development of his/her own personal mission statement and its effects, a comparative analysis of the established theory that most closely resembles this style and a reflection of contemporary research involving this theory. The writer relates that many theorists and theories have influenced his/her path, including Freud and psychoanalysis, Adler and individual psychology, Jung and his analytical psychology, Kohut and self-psychology, existential theories or therapy, Gestalt therapy and finally the cognitive-behavioral therapy. The writer explores the cognitive-behavioral therapy and explains that it is currently used on a national level with many research studies revealing its effectiveness and preference as a therapy model.
Contents:
Introduction
Review of Theories Leading to the Development of my own Personal Counseling Theory
Personal Counseling Mission Statement
An Evaluation of the Effect of the Mission Statement on my Counseling Theory
Comparison of Contemporary Research on Psychoanalysis and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Review of Contemporary Research on Psychoanalysis
Review of Contemporary Research on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the semester, my own personal counseling style has been affected by many of the theories presented in Seligman's text. One of the theories presented that has assisted in my development style is Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, which is based on the conflicts that Freud believed were at the core of human existence. Freud believed that these conflicts emerged from attempts to reconcile our biological selves with our social selves. Like Freud, I also believe that there is an internal battle occurring between an individual's mental awareness with their physical awareness. Aspects of these conflicts are unconscious and influence our behavior without our awareness (Strisik & Strisik, 2005). Psychodynamic therapies work to make the unconscious conscious so that we can have greater insight into our needs and behavior and therefore more control over how we allow these conflicts to affect us (Strisik & Strisik, 2005). However, my style is not completely a "psychodynamic therapy," but can be described as having its' roots in psychoanalysis. My style can best be described as finding a path to resolve internal conflicts so that the individual's mind can mature and self-actualize."
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| Term Paper # 103792 |
temporarily unavailable
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Historical Overview of Four Major Counseling Theories, 2006.
A discussion on the advantages of four counseling theories, primarily by Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner and Carl Rogers.
1,288 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four major counselling theories and how these can be applied to a patient. It discusses psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud, behaviourism by B. F. Skinner and the humanistic theory by Carl Rogers, as well as a human-centered theory. The paper then discusses the advantages of the concept of multiculturalism in therapy.
Table of Contents:
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanistic Theory
Multiculturalism
From the Paper
"One strength of the therapy is that clients tend to enjoy and feel more in control of the process than analysis and behaviorist therapies, and the relationship between the client and therapist is more natural and more akin to ordinary social interaction. Finding one's identity, true feelings, and attitude is also a more social process during the session than the purely individually directed psychoanalytic processes that pre-existed this therapy, or the therapist-driven theory of behaviorism. Client-centered therapy also places a greater stress of finding meaning in one's life in a larger philosophic context."
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Counseling Theories, 2004.
Evaluates counseling theories for adolescent substance abusers.
1,719 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper critically evaluates the integration of Person-Centered, Behavior, and Family Systems theories as they apply to counseling adolescents with substance abuse history. The paper will also reveal the therapy approaches in school, group, and private settings.
From the Paper
"In the United States, substance abuse is a grave dilemma across all sections of the population. Various studies have concluded that substance abuse is the most devastating and the most common mind disorder among Americans. Researchers have established that substance abuse is the foremost enduring health dilemma, and the foremost prison dilemma in the United States. Substance abuse has got a lot of attention in the prevalent, as well as practiced literature in current years. The dilemmas of community statistics with numerous illegal substances receive almost weekly attention in the media (Clayton and Elsie, 1997). Given this observation, the excessive occurrence of substance abuse in the society, the financial expenses, and the costs in human distress, it is very important that counseling specialists are educated on the subject of substance abuse as a disability."
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Counseling Theories, 2007.
An analysis of the similarities and differences between the cognitive approach, the psychodynamic approach and the behavioral approach to counseling.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on three different counseling theories with respect to their similarities and differences. The paper discusses the cognitive approach, the psychodynamic approach and the behavioral approach to counseling. It then discusses the three approaches' applicability in the twenty first century. The paper suggests that regardless of the theory chosen, the professional must ensure that it is congruent with her own personal values, personality, and professional skills.
Table of Contents:
Cognitive Approach to Counseling
Psychodynamic Approach to Counseling
Behavioral Approach to Counseling
Humanistic Counseling
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Behavioral counselors primarily believe that all learning comes from experience, albeit positive or negative. As such behaviorists believe their primary responsibility is to assist the client in analyzing their behaviors followed by the process of defining the problems brought about by the identified behaviors, and then setting about to resolve the issues through the setting of goals. This procedure is similar to those who don the title of 'cognitive' therapist. Further, like the cognitive therapist, the behaviorist supports a collaborative relationship between counselor and client in the problem-solving arena. Unlike the cognitive therapist the behaviorist follows the position that behavior is changed not by the sole tenet of understanding the exhibited behavior but also through the process of change brought about by reinforcement. For the cognitivist behavior change is strictly a conscious choice. One might look at the cognitive counselor as requiring a client to think oneself out of an action; while a behaviorist wants the client to act oneself out of the situation. So similar are cognitive and behavior theories that they are often lumped together into that which is conveniently termed cognitive-behavioral counseling. In the end the behavioral counselor will likely uses operant conditioning techniques, self-management programs and contingency contract to shape or re-shape a person's dysfunctional behavior. In addition, behavioral counseling has shown to be extremely effective in treating depression, anxiety, eating disorders and anger. As a side bar note it should be mentioned that behavioral counseling is one of the very few approaches that has been scientifically validated through measurable and observable results."
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Counseling Theories, 2008.
This paper discusses person-centered theory and cognitive-behavioral theory.
1,324 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the concepts and techniques in Carl Rogers' client-centered approach to therapy and in cognitive-behavioral theory. The paper also highlights the main differences between these two theoretical approaches to therapy.
From the Paper
"Person centered theory has been established by Carl Rogers inside the humanistic approach in psychotherapy. Humanism has been termed by Bugental (1964) the 'Third Force' of therapy views, along with the psychoanalytic and behavioral views. Humanism is essentially concerned with emphasizing the worth of the individual and the centrality of human values. The most important theorists of this approach are: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, Frederick Perls, Victor Frankl and so on."
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Career Counseling: Two Theories, 2002.
Explores the two theories of career guidance scholars, John Holland and Donald and Ann Roe to determine the similarities and differences between them.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Career counseling, from the outside, appears to be little more than an established network of people who maintain binders of job postings and help people with tips about interviews. At the high school level, they are seen as the people who carry binders of college materials and help students fill out applications and write essays. These misconceptions do a significant injustice to the field of career guidance, for they miss the entire point of what it is that the career counselor does. Helping a person discover what it is that they want to define their life with and helping them achieve that goal requires the analytical skills of a psychologist, the patience of a priest and the business eye of a CEO. At the core of career guidance are schools of philosophy and thought which center upon the work of scholars the like of John Holland and Donald and Ann Roe. It is the purpose of this paper to explore these two theories of career guidance and to find their common and uncommon ground.
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Person Centered Counseling, 2002.
A look at the goal of the person-centered approach.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Goal of the person-centered approach. Assisting clients in their growth process rather than just solving problems. Discusses what it means to be human; a description of a healthy person; the nature vs. nurture controversy. The nature of reality and the self. The counseling focus. Discusses various theories and therapeutic approaches.
From the Paper
"The Nature of Life, Human Beings and Counseling
This research paper presents a discussion about life, human
beings, and counseling, with specific emphasis on person-
centered counseling. The following topics will be included in
the presentation: the nature of reality, what it means to be
human, a description of a healthy person, the nature versus
nurture controversy, counseling focus, and person-centered
counseling. Citations will be used to reflect the author's
view."
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Personal Theory of Counseling, 2004.
Discusses a theory of counseling based on one individual's personal belief system.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive explanation of one individual's personal theory of counseling that incorporates behaviorism, Christianity, and person-centered therapy. The main focus of the paper is on the nature of person-centered therapy and how this approach fits with the individual therapist's own personality, beliefs, and values.
From the Paper
"Perhaps nothing is as significant to the success of the therapeutic process and nothing represents the foundation of successful therapy more than one's personal theory of counseling. All individuals in all aspects of life work from some belief system perspective or model of how the world works, how things are and how things interact. Developing a deep understanding of one's own personal theory leads to better decision-making with respect to the therapeutic process including therapist approach and client interaction. Such an understanding also promotes a..."
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Adler Personality Theory, 2007.
A case study that examines Adlerian psychology and counseling.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Alfred Adler's theory of personality which is based on the need to strive for power and superiority and addresses lifestyles. The paper presents a case study and shows the relevance and application of Adler's theories. The paper describes the antisocial behavior and suppressed aggression in the case and discusses Adlerian treatment, which seeks to return the client to normative behavior in the community. The paper relates that Adlerian behavioral and marriage therapy would be recommended for this client.
Outline:
Alfred Adler's Theory: A Summary
Presenting Problem
Case Formulation
Treatment Recommendations
From the Paper
"Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian. He was also a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, along with Freud and others. Like Freud, Adler had a theory of personality. Unlike Freud, however, who based his theory on sexual needs and development, Adler based his theory of "individual psychology" on the need to strive for power and superiority. Adler's theory focused largely on the social interest and social interactions."
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Successful Counseling, 2002.
A review of the article ?Person-Centered Counseling: The Culture? by Ann Shanks Glauser and Jerold Bozarth about successful counseling.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the article ?Person-Centered Counseling: The Culture? by Ann Shanks Glauser and Jerold Bozarth which explores the conditions that are necessary for successful counseling and focuses especially on the specialty of multicultural counseling. It discusses the argument that person-centered counselling is at the very heart of success in counseling and that the relationship between the client and counselor and the client?s situational and personal resources are the essential variables that determine its success. It provides statistical evidence for the relative unimportance of counseling technique noting that only 15% of the success variance of the counseling relationship comes from technique whereas 30% of the success variance comes from the client-counsellor relationship and an impressive 40% comes from extratherapeutic variables or chance occurrences. It explores the variables of the client-therapist relationship and the extratherapeutic variables of the client and concludes that the article is well-researched and internally consistent.
From the Paper
"The authors then go on to explore the variables of the client-therapist relationship and the extratherapeutic variables of the client. They note that ?most theories consider the (client-therapist) relationship as critical?. A successful relationship is defined by the counselor?s empathy for the client, seen in his or her genuineness with the client, and the counselor?s true respect and value for the client. Glauser and Bazarth note, ?Making judgments about people\'s humanity and its quality due to established criteria is to rely on tired but extremely powerful discourses steeped in oppression.?"
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| Term Paper # 101204 |
temporarily unavailable
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Approaches to Multicultural Counseling, 2002.
A discussion of the "Family Systems" theory and its use in multicultural counseling approaches.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the multicultural counseling approaches used in the application of the family systems theory. Family Systems theory is defined, and three counseling approaches that utilize the theory in a multicultural context are reviewed. They include family therapy, family literacy and cross cultural marriage workshops.
From the Paper
"Family systems theory asserts that people can change behaviors if they are aware of the impact current and historical family behavior has on the definition of his or her choices. In the context of the family systems theory the word "Family" may be composed of the immediate family that the person presides with, the extended family of relatives and friends, and the community in general. (Bowens Family Systems Theory 2002, 1)
The family systems theory was pioneered by Dr. Murray Bowen, and has many characteristics. First and foremost the theory is a way of understanding present situations in terms of past relationships. The theory seeks to understand the entire family as an emotional unit composed of linked relationships that have existed over different generations. Family system theory claims that an individuals? behavior is directly correlated to how that individuals? family functions. (Bowens Family Systems Theory, 3)"
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Career Counseling, 2007.
This paper looks at the value of attachment theory within career counseling.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that to be an effective career counselor, a counselor must address the psychological needs and desires of a prospective client, not simply prescribe a career based needupon the individual's education as it fits into the current job market. However, the writer also points out that theories of matching personalities to career paths, or using an individual's hobby to suggest what he or she really ought to be doing, is only helpful in answering the question of what one would like to do. While answering this question is undeniably an important part of a career counselor's task, an equally frequent issue that occurs in counseling is when a person does not feel able to do a particular job. The writer discusses treating issues related to a lack of self-efficacy. The writer concludes that the counselor must help the client unburden him or herself of specific concepts of a lack of self-efficacy related to career skills and goals--but there also must be a more general component of raising the client's self-esteem and efficacy that is essential to fully realize the individual's maximum potential in the workforce.
From the Paper
"Answering this question by empowering the client's self esteem requires a certain basic knowledge of the concept of self-efficacy, one of the core concepts developed from the larger psychological theory of attachment. Attachment theory was the brainchild of the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby who wished to explain the intense distress experienced by infants separated from their parents, even for a short time. Bowlby stated that this response was a necessary evolutionary mechanism to ensure that children were cared for by their parents, and that the separation between child and parent was taken seriously. Bowlby theorized that children who grew up in a household with accessible and attentive caregivers grew up feeling secure and became greater risk-takers and more sociable because their basic needs for secure attachment and attention were satisfied. A child without such an available caregiver who was forced to cry without being comforted developed a sense of learned helplessness, a low sense of self-efficacy or ability to affect the environment, and eventually may sank into despair and finally, depression as an adult. A person whose attachment needs was unsatisfied as a child may be highly avoidant of new tasks that may provoke anxiety, as well as fearful of others."
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Psychodynamic Counseling, 2004.
Discusses the concepts and theories of psychodynamic counseling.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the therapeutic approach of psychodynamic counseling, examining its concepts and its core theory. Included in the paper is the author's personal opinion and emotional response about psychodynamic counseling as well as a discussion of the client's subjective view as opposed to the therapist's objective view.
From the Paper
"This paper presents a discussion of psychodynamic counseling. The core theory and concepts of this therapeutic approach are presented within the context of my personal opinion and emotional reflection. My beliefs about human nature, determinism versus free will, unconscious versus conscious awareness, objective versus subjective, negative versus positive, human nature and behavior, elementalistic versus holistic approaches and beliefs about behavior change are noted."
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