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Performance Measures, 2007.
This paper discusses the correlation between performance measures, reward systems and job satisfaction.
18,132 words (approx. 72.5 pages), 70 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
In this study, the writer notes that performance measures have long been utilized in both the private and public sectors. The widespread use of performance measures exist because there are a plethora of benefits associated with such measures. In this study, the main foci are performance measurement, reward systems and job satisfaction. The research contained in this discussion is evidentiary of a definitive relationship between performance measurement and employee attitudes concerning job satisfaction. One can also conclude from this discussion that job satisfaction is directly associated with, motivation, expectancy, and reward systems. The writer points out that researchers have consistently found that people are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic values as it relates both to job satisfaction and performance in the workplace. Further, the writer notes that intrinsic motivation pertains to personal goals and objectives while extrinsic motivation is associated with both monetary and non-monetary rewards.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Literature Review
An Overview and Purpose
Organization of the Review, Scope, and Library Research Plan
Organization of the Review
Library Research Plan
Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Frameworks for Performance Measurement
Overview
Financial Performance Measures (DuPont Pyramid)
Performance Measurement Matrix
Strategic Measurement and Reporting Technique (SMART)
Macro Process Model of the Organization
The Balanced Scorecard
Individual Job Performance and Performance Measurement
Contextual Performance
Task Performance
Adaptive Performance
Conducting Ratings/Appraisals and the Ratings Formats Utilized
Graphic Rating Scales (GRS)
Behaviorally Anchored Ratings Scales (BARS)
Mixed Standard Scales (MSS)
Performance Distribution Assessment Method
Computerized Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS)
Rewards Related to Performance: Impact on Employees
Rewards for performance
Risks associated with Rewards for Performance Systems
Examples of Rewards for Performance Systems
Function of Monetary Rewards
Function of Non-monetary Rewards
Implications for Rewards for Performance Systems
Implementation of balanced Incentives
Cultivating a culture of Commitment to Improve Performance
Job Satisfaction
Discussion of the Literature
Summary and Interpretations
Theoretical Literature
Empirical Literature
Conclusions
Recommendations
Theoretical Reformulations
Empirical Studies
From the Paper
"In addition, after studying performance measurements within service industries Fitzgerald et al. developed a framework placing measures into two basic types. These measures include those that are correlated to results such as competitiveness and financial performance and those measures that concentrate on the determinants of those results such as flexibility, quality and resource utilization. The author points out that this structure is representative of the idea of causality, demonstrating that results acquired are a utility of past business performance correlated to particular determinants. In addition, this type of performance measurement structure is representative of the need to recognize the drivers of performance so that desired performance outcomes can be realized."
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Developing, Monitoring, and Improving Performance Measures, 2003.
Through use of example, discusses effective performance measures and management systems.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Uses the army as an example for developing and deploying effective performance measures and management systems in an organization. Included in the discussion is a set of methodologies and processes that assist organizations to effectively plan, measure, analyze, and optimize business performance.
Introduction
Establishing and Updating Performance Measures
Establishing Accountability for Performance
Gathering and Analyzing Performance Data
Reporting and Using Performance Information
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Developing and deploying an effective performance measurement and management system is the key to maintaining a high-performance organization (Gore 2). In fact, many executives today will say that business performance management is the next generation of business intelligence. It is about responding quickly to markets that were once more predictable."
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Performance Measurement, 2006.
This paper examines how the system of performance measurement is applied in business to gain insight and make judgements regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of programs and processes.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper defines performance measurement as a system for determining how a program is accomplishing its mission through the delivery of products, services or processes. The writer of this paper discusses the effectiveness of performance measurement as an ongoing, periodic method for determining whether a program is accomplishing its goals. This paper details the three main components of performance measurements which are comprised of: Planning, implementation and evaluation. This paper also delves into the four types of performance measures which include: Input, output, effective/outcome and efficiency measures. This paper also contains a chart which shows how various types of industry would benefit by applying the above mentioned performance measurement techniques.
Table of Contents:
Overview of Performance Measures
Type of Performance Measures
Output Measures
Effectiveness/Outcome Measures
Efficiency Measures
Benchmarks
FY 01 Performance Measures
From the Paper
"Output indicators measure the quantity or volume of products and services provided to a program. Output indicators are commonly referred to as workload, or activity measures. This had been the most commonly used measurement in budget documents of the recent past. For example: an output of 800 participants for the Social Services Annual Flu Shot Program; an output of 7,800 user support occurrences for MIS. For the FY 01 Proposed Budget document, activity measures are not shown; however, Departments will continue to collect and track output measures as a means of measuring performance."
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Standard Based Costing and Performance Measures, 2002.
A paper that outlines the various defects of the standard based costing method and how it does not effectively measure the manufacturing environment of today.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that in production organizations, the basic concern of the management is to have smooth operations with the least cost possible. There the existence of cost is measured by the tangible output each component of the department produces and income is compared to the cost incurred. The paper shows that a system that is set for measuring the performance level of the tangible assets is known as a standard based cost. The production level is measured periodically and compared with the actual costs incurred. Any deviation from the original cost is considered as variance and hence they are measured separately. The paper discusses that the overall costing structure is dependent on the standard costing method and performance is also evaluated on this basis. The paper shows how, in the recent years, the structure of the manufacturing environment has changed the way management view standard costs. Since most of the work is performed on a large scale and depends on highly innovative technology, many argue that the concept of standard costing has become redundant and ineffective. The paper analyzes this concept.
From the Paper
"Standard based costing allows the business to plan its cost according to the level that favors the management in optimal usage of resources and minimum cost price. There are two types of standard that could be used to measure. One is ideal standard where the price is planned to the minimum compared to manufacturing capacity. Second attainable standard where the overall lowest price is noted for costing and a considerable level of efficiency is noted. The costing system does not expect 100% capacity but it does try to minimize spoilage percentage. Thirdly, direct material and labor standards where per unit material and labor is noted for production of per unit of the product. Through these methods it is clear that the standard based costing system is not usually attainable and hence subject to criticism. The reason being that direct labor and direct material cannot be accounted for if the products are lying idle at warehouses in case of emergencies."
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Measuring IT Performance, 2006.
This paper discusses the three methods of measuring the performance of IT in an organization: balanced scoreboard, economic value added (EVA) and intellectual capital (IC).
2,595 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the use of multiple IT performance measurement frameworks are ideal because it provides more information to an organization as to where it went wrong and where it still needs improvement. The author points out that economic value added, one of the most effective performance metrics in use today, assesses how well an organization is achieving its objectives and goals consistent with valuation principles that are important to any investor's analysis of a company. The paper relates that intellectual capital is a performance measurement framework that assesses the intangible assets of a company including the in-depth knowledge and skills of an organization's employees and the strategies and techniques implemented by an organization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Performance Measurement Frameworks
The Balanced Scoreboard
What is a Balanced Scorecard?
Financial Measures as Evaluated by the Balanced Scorecard
Strategy Implementation as Evaluated by the Balanced Scorecard
Economic Value Added
Intellectual Capital
Use of the Performance Measurement Frameworks in IT
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In using the balanced scorecard in measuring the performance and value of IT in an organization, it is ideal that every scorecard focuses on the corporate goals. Thus, when developing metrics for the Balanced Scorecard, it is significant to have strategic thinking that emphasizes the organization's goal. For instance, Brickman and Fidler, two successful IT executives, suggests the following metrics to determine whether their company's IT meets customer needs and demands. Apparently, these elements are parts of strategy implementation which is one of the focus of the Balanced Scorecard performance measurement."
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Measuring and Paying for Performance, 2002.
An overview of the concept of measuring and paying for performance.
2,018 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how experience, research and analysis of the corporate world and its practices reveal that paying for performance systems are crucial to the success of an organization and are essential for a constant development of its workforce. It looks at how paying for performance is relatively a new term when compared to "performance appraisal" though both terms can be used interchangeably and have similar meaning in the corporate world.
Outline
Overview of the Topic Under Discussion
Historical Overview of Paying for Performance Pages
Recent Developments in the Related Field Pages
Future Direction and Application Pages
Conclusion Pages
From the Paper
"Though pricing strategies still play a vital role in the competitive corporate world, with recent changes, customer satisfaction and product innovation as well as product quality "are the primary determinant of profitability" (Nourayi & Daroca, 1996, p.206 (12)). Hence "product-oriented manufacturing cells" are replacing "process-oriented operations" (Nourayi & Daroca, 1996, p.206 (12)). Minimization of wastes is today directly connected with profit maximization. Therefore, with success factors being controlled by consumers, administration as well as management at all levels need to identify and consolidate "the market signals" in an expedient performance measurement and review procedure or system. Thus, these new positive amendments in the existing market trends bring forward the role of performance measurement system in determining the success of the overall organization while accomplishing the set of objectives outlined by the management for the employees to follow in letter and spirit."
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Effective Measure of Student Performance Evaluation, 2002.
A paper which maintains that grading is a vital tool for the educational system to determine a student's performance.
1,156 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Despite the benefits and functions that grading has for the determination of school performance of the student, there are also proponents that are opposed to the use of the grading systems, or grading itself, for determining how effective a student's performance is during the course of semester or academic year. Criticisms on grading and its questionable effect and functionality in determining student performance is discussed thoroughly in this paper. The primary objective paper is to analyze whether grading is an effective tool for measuring student knowledge, skill, and performance, or whether it poses as a possible way for student performance to deteriorate and the quality of education to decrease, as stated by the criticisms of the proponents against the use of the grading system in educational institutions. This paper also argues that grading is a vital element and tool for the educational system to determine how effective a student has performed for the year and that grading becomes a motivation and objective measure whether a student has performed well during the academic year or not.
From the Paper
"The following functions are primarily geared towards the development of the student in the academic environment of attaining a formal education. The first function aims to show that grading is an objective measure of student performance, while the second and third functions focus on the development of students in the academic environment as a result of the challenge that grading presents to most students. The fourth and fifth functions specialize on the effectiveness of student-teacher relationship/interaction because of grading. Through grading, there is an open communication between the student and the instructor, while the sixth function is a summary of the future role that grades can give to a student. An example of this is the increase in number of job offers for the student or better employment opportunities because of good grades or credentials."
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Performance Indicators and Organizational Management, 2002.
A paper which discusses the importance of performance measurement systems in managing an organization.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that a performance measurement system is an important tool in managing an organization as it allows an organization to define what is important to it and helps an organization ensure that its objectives are met. It shows, too, that the more complex an organization becomes, the more important an effective performance measurement system becomes. The paper covers areas such as key performance indicators (KIP's) and balanced scoreboards.
From the Paper
"With many departments, management can lose sight of overall objectives. Having to assess and define the measurement system allows the company to clearly define what is most critical to its success. An effective management system then allows the company to monitor these factors and have a clear picture of the progress of the company. This is essential for monitoring the operations of the company and ensuring strategic objectives are being met."
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"Shadows and Fog" and "Measure for Measure", 2004.
A look at the roles of women in Woody Allen's film, "Shadows and Fog", and William Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure".
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews "Measure for Measure", written by William Shakespeare in the early 17th century, and "Shadows and Fog", a movie written and directed by Woody Allen in the late 20th century. It looks at the contrasting portrayal of the female characters and the roles of women by their actions and their qualities. It shows how "Measure for Measure" presents a view where women are pure and not expected to be promiscuous, where women are dependant on men, and where women have few options or choices. In contrast, it shows how "Shadows and Fog" presents a view where women are promiscuous rather than pure, where woman are independent from men, and where women have almost unlimited freedom.
From the Paper
"The first difference observed with the role of women is related to whether women are expected to be pure or promiscuous. In Measure for Measure, the major female character is Isabella. She represents a very pure female character. This is first seen at the start of the play by the fact that she is training to become a nun and by the strong Christian values she appears to have. This is then emphasized later when she is told her brother's life will be saved if she agrees to sleep with Angelo. She refuses this offer, placing her chastity and her Christian values above her own life. This illustrates that a woman's purity is highly valued, while a woman being promiscuous is not accepted. Mariana is another female character in the play and she is quite different to Isabella."
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"Measure for Measure", 2005.
This paper discusses the role of Pompey in William Shakespeare's dark comedy "Measure for Measure".
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in William Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure", one character, Pompey Bum, servant of Mistress Overdone, a bawd, serves better than the other characters to highlight the impossible hypocrisy of the play's social situation in which the Viennese legal system conflicts with human nature when public law forbids illicit lovemaking and makes the crime punishable by death. The author points out that Pompey appears at first to be a minor character; however, if Pompey were different, or even absent, the play's weighty morality might well outstrip Shakespeare's need for humor in this hybrid creation. The paper relates the story of the play demonstrating that Pompey's attitude extends beyond the current themes of virtue and morals and moves into the realm of accepting the inevitable that people will always strive to satisfy themselves especially their sexual desires.
From the Paper
"Throughout the play, Pompey's attitude carries this universal perspective. In his next scene, he is meeting with Lord Escalus in less than fortunate circumstance. A constable named Elbow drags Pompey and a gentleman named Froth in front of old Escalus and Angelo. The latter have just been arguing the virtues of moderation, with Escalus bemoaning the severity of the new law: "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall...and some condemned for a fault alone." When Elbow accuses Pompey of being a "tapster," Escalus quickly notices Elbow's ineloquence and gives Pompey the opportunity to defend himself."
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"Measure for Measure", 2003.
Examines the dangers of extremism in William Shakespeare's "Measure of Measure".
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the characters of Isabella and Angelo in Shakespeare's play "Measure for Measure", examining their character traits and interactions, as well as their evolution over the course of the work. The paper provides a careful analysis of the meaning of their extreme characters, as well as an explanation of Shakespeare's intent that the Duke represents a balancing of naive purity and corrupt worldliness.
From the Paper
"With Isabella standing as the example of purity and Angelo representing the absolute darkness that corrupts the souls of men, Shakespeare plays the two extremes against each other in order to emphasize the importance of justice and balance. Although Angelo appears to be pure, this is only skin deep, and with his attraction to Isabella, he radically changes into a being consumed with evil intentions. His descent, however, is driven by a symbol of purity and innocence, because he longs to have the true purity that exists in him only as pretense. Isabella represents absolute purity, but Shakespeare deliberately moves her from entering a convent to considering the possibility of entering a marriage with the Duke, thus showing that even the extreme purity of Isabella should be tempered by wisdom of the real world in the form of the Duke."
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"Measure for Measure", 2002.
Analysis of Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure."
525 words (approx. 2.1 pages), 1 source, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how William Shakespeare's Measure for Measure has a good deal to say about the proper nature of rulers and other persons who hold power.
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"Measure for Measure" & "Henry IV Part I", 2006.
A comparison of two of Shakespeare's plays, "Measure for Measure" and "Henry IV Part I".
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes, compares and contrasts the plots and protagonists of two of Shakespeare's plays, "Measure for Measure" and "Henry IV Part I". The author asserts that in these two plays, strong character is defined not by who is more right, but rather by the ability to become more than the sum of one's faults. The author concentrates his analysis on secondary characters, who, despite being fault-ridden, are endearing to the audience for their humor and steadfastness. The paper concludes that Shakespeare's ultimate point is that while all people are flawed, the test of their character is whether they are molded by these flaws -- or overcome them.
From the Paper
"In both of these plays, these people may be questionable or shady characters that often are crude or have abominable habits, they may be people of power and prominence, or they may be just average, everyday citizens. Simply put, they all have faults of their own. Yet, the audience can't help but find them endearing, and the protagonists find that their ability to overcome their faults has a lot to do with the help they receive from these characters. Furthermore, the inability of the antagonists to overcome their vulnerabilities also has something to do with these characters."
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Shakespeare and Society: "Measure for Measure" as a Reflection of English Society and Advice to King James, 2002.
This paper contends that Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" is a reflection of English society and advice to King James.
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Shakespeare wrote "Measure for Measure" as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom.
From the Paper
"Shakespeare's England at the time that Measure for Measure was written was in a state of internal conflict and discord. King James I came to power in 1603 and inherited a kingdom rife with a myriad of social and cultural problems, including corruption in the justice system, religious disputes and crises, and rampant sexual immorality. Shakespeare, the "King's Playwright," as Alvin Kernan dubs him, wrote Measure for Measure as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James, as a ruler with Divine Right and responsibility to his country, with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom."
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Honor in "Measure for Measure" and "King Henry", 2004.
An examination of the theme of honor in two of Shakespeare's plays, "Measure for Measure" and "King Henry".
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Shakespeare focuses on the fact that honor can means different things to different people, and it can also be regarded as less than virtuous in some minds. It shows how Shakespeare clarifies the definition of honor in "King Henry", but he leaves the issue muddy in "Measure for Measure". He leaves us with personalities that may not seem be honorable ultimately being the most honorable of all. It is such characters that have made Shakespeare unmatched in his skill.
From the Paper
"Isabella becomes the focus of honor and "doing the right thing" in Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure." During the course of the play, she is propositioned by three different men to break her vows and go against her conscious. Her honor is important to her, and she does not accept Angelo's proposal. In fact, she is forthright in her initial reaction to Angelo's request. In other words, she knows what he is all about. Even as Angelo begs Isabella to "Believe me, on mine honor,/My words express my purpose" (II.iv.46-7). She responds, "Ha! Little honor to be much believed,/And most pernicious purpose! Seeming, seeming!" (II.iv.49-50). This scene helps us appreciate Isabella because she knows the right thing to do, despite what it means for her brother. She declares she will, "live chaste, and, brother, die:/More than our brother is our chastity" (II.iv.185-6). She is disgusted by the attitudes that surround her and to remove herself from it, she decides to enter a convent."
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