| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PERCEPTIONS IRANIAN REVOLUTION": |
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Perceptions of the Iranian Revolution, 1999.
Compares the views of Westerners and Islamic observers on the origins of the 1979 revolution, religious, political and economic aspects, populism, bureaucracy and the failure of the West to foresee the revolution.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 119.95
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Abstract
The Iranian Revolution took place in 1979 but could be foreseen in some form several years before that. Much of the world misunderstood the nature of the regime of the Shah of Iran before the revolution and not surprisingly has misunderstood the nature of the revolution itself.
From the Paper
"The Iranian Revolution took place in 1979 but could be foreseen in some form several years before that. Much of the world misunderstood the nature of the regime of the Shah of Iran before the revolution and not surprisingly has misunderstood the nature of the revolution itself. For the United States, one reason for this myopia may have been the fact that the monarchy had been restored by a CIA aided coup in 1953, after which Reza Shah Pahlavi had used Iran's oil revenues to finance the rapid modernization of his country and the purchase of American arms. Nixon viewed Iran as a U.S. surrogate in the Persian Gulf, and as late as 1977, President Carter praised the Shah for making Iran "an island of stability." It is clear that American intelligence services failed to detect or underestimated the widespread..."
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The Iranian Revolution, 2003.
A discussion of whether the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that can also be labeled the ?Iranian Islamic Revolution?.
1,394 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes whether the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that brought about the end of the Pahlavi dynasty, can also be described as the ?Iranian Islamic Revolution?. It examines how, for over two decades, political analysts and theorists have attempted not only to identify its causes but the very nature of the motives behind the revolution. It evaluates how the addition of the word ?Islamic? implies an unquestionable religious nature to the events leading to the abdication of a once thought indestructible monarch and looks at the events leading up to the revolution.
From the Paper
"Political alienation of the masses from state policy reached a climax when the Shah eliminated Iran?s two-party system in March 1975 in favor of a more easily controlled one-party system. The objective in the creation of the Rastakhiz (Resurgence) party and its actual accomplishments are rather contradictory. While its aim was to promote Iranian nationalism and further secure the state within society, the ?Resurgence party weakened the whole regime, cut the monarchy further off from the country, and intensified resentment among diverse groups.? The resentment built up by this situation of political exclusion coinciding with inequitable economic development (i.e. uneven income distribution) spells disaster for any regime, according to Abrahamian?such was the case for the Pahlavi dynasty."
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Iranian Revolution, 2005.
This paper examines the Iranian Revolution of 1979's causes and impact upon the Middle East.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that while few events in the history of the modern Middle East have provoked more interest and controversy than the Iranian Revolution of 1979, there remains considerable debate among historians and analysts regarding how this momentous event should be understood in the larger tapestry of the region's history For example, the paper discusses how while in the early years of the Revolution commentators tended to emphasize how radical and revolutionary was the new Iranian state dominated by religious officials, mullahs, more recent studies have emphasized how geopolitical factors have tended to mitigate the impact of the Revolution and direct Iranian foreign policy.
From the Paper
"While few events in the history of the modern Middle East have provoked more interest and controversy than the Iranian Revolution of 1979, there remains considerable debate among historians and analysts regarding how this momentous event should be understood in the larger tapestry of the region's history. For example, while in the early years of the Revolution commentators tended to emphasize how radical and revolutionary was the new Iranian state dominated by religious officials (mullahs), more recent studies have emphasized how geopolitical factors have tended to mitigate the impact of the Revolution and direct Iranian foreign policy in a manner consistent with its long-term historical pattern (Esposito and Piscatori, 1-2)."
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The Iranian Revolution, 2008.
This paper explains the Iranian Revolution as a triumph for some and a tragedy for others.
745 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers considered the Iranian Revolution a triumph because they succeeded in overthrowing the brutal government of the Shah and establishing an Islamic Republic. The paper explains, however, that the revolution has been a tragedy for the Iranian people because fundamentalist Islamic rule has been just as repressive and brutal. The paper asserts that the revolution's only accomplishment was to replace one regime of tyranny with a different, just as brutal, regime.
From the Paper
"Khomeini and the ayatollahs intended from the very beginning of the revolution to establish a repressive Islamic government, but concealed this agenda in order to build widespread public support in Iran and minimize the risk that the United States would intervene in the revolution. Khomeini's duplicity at this time was crucial, for if the United States or moderate Arab states in the Middle East had known that Khomeini intended all along to establish a radical Islamic theocracy, it is highly likely that they would have considered it necessary to intervene militarily. (Viorst)"
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The Iranian Revolution, 2005.
This paper explores the causes of the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 151.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the significance of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and attempts to critically discern its causes. The paper demonstrates how this task is complicated by the array of political, religious and social interests that have attempted to represent the Revolution in different ways in support of their individual agendas. The paper, however, argues that while there are many causal factors behind the Revolution of 1979, three causes dominate over all of these factors.
From the Paper
"Few events in the recent history of the Middle East have had such a profound impact upon history as the 1979 Iranian Revolution. This revolution, which toppled the regime of the American ally Shah and replaced it with a theocratic state, not only altered the geopolitical network of alliances that governed relations between Middle Eastern states during the Cold War years, but also radically altered the fundamental basis of relations between Shia and Sunni Muslims across the region. Moreover, in the West the dominant role played by the Ayatollah Khomeini in the revolution altered perceptions of Islam and gave rise to a negative stereotype of Islamic fundamentalism."
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Causes of the Iranian Revolution, 2003.
Long and short-term causes of the Iranian revolution are examined.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines long- and short-term causes of the Iranian revolution, with emphasis on why Shia Islam became the vehicle for revolutionary aspirations. The paper presents the Iranian background and the growth of Western influence. It examines the rise of Islamic fundamentalism., the Shah of Iran and the Ayatollah Khomeini.
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The Iranian Revolution, 2000.
How the Iranian revolution of 1979 followed the pattern laid out in Crane Brinton's book, "An Anatomy of a Revolution".
3,800 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 104.95
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From the Paper
"Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran's present government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, cabinet, judicial branch, and Majilesor or legislative branch, makes up the governmental positions. A revolution that overthrew the monarch, which was set in 1930, lasted over 15 years. Crane Brinton's book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, explains set of four steps a country experiences when a revolution occurs. Symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence are the steps that occur. The Iranian Revolution followed the four steps in Crane Brinton's theory, symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence occurred. "
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The Iranian Revolution, 1996.
Two essays discussing different aspects of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. One examines the historical background of the revolution, the other analyzes events through breakdown/discontent & resource mobilization theories.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"Contrary to popular western misconceptions, the Iranian Revolution of the late 1970s was remarkable in that it was driven by a broad coalition of classes and groups within Iran; each with various political, economic, social, and religious agendas. These groups were relatively unified in their goal of toppling the Shah due to his heavy handed, and dictatorial style of rule. Additionally, these various groups and organizations were intensely dissatisfied with restrictions on access to the political process, the tight concentration of Iran's huge oil revenues into the hands of a very small, elite group orbiting around the Shah, as well as a growing perception that Iran was becoming too westernized and had lost her grounding in Iranian traditional values."
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1979 Iranian Revolution, 1999.
Causes and effects, politics, economics, religion, leadership of the Shah vs. Khomeini, riots, repression, demographics and the U.S. hostage crisis.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The Iranian revolution of 1979 had its roots in long-standing dissatisfaction with the ruling Persian royal house, economic dislocation, rapid cultural and historical change, the regional position that the country held and its relationship with the West.
From the Paper
The Iranian revolution of 1979 had its roots in long-standing dissatisfaction with the ruling Persian royal house, economic dislocation, rapid cultural and historical change, the regional position that the country held and its relationship with the West. This paper examines the historical background of that war, examining how it came about and discussing what its consequences have been so far for the country and people of Iran.
Any event as dramatic as that of the Iranian revolution has deep roots, and whatever point in history one selects as the moment when the revolution became inevitable must be both arguable and artificial. But the underlying reasons for the revolution must be laid at least in large measure on the actions of Reza Shah, the father of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, the shah who ..."
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Popular Revolution in China and Iran, 2005.
An analysis of the background and ideology of the 1949 Communist Revolution in China and the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the 1949 Chinese Communist Revolution with the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution. It provides a detailed analysis of the background history and politics of each revolution, the main people involved and the final results of two of the most significant revolutions of the 20th century.
From the Paper
"The 20th century was one of worldwide revolution. Every continent experienced at least one revolution during this time, and these greatly affected the world as we know it today. Two revolutions - the Chinese Communist Revolution of 1949 and the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979 - were particularly important. Both of these revolutions introduced new elements of change to nations dominated at the time by pro-Western influences. Mao empowered the rural peasantry in China to rise up against the Kuomintang elite and to seek a utopian and egalitarian Socialist society."
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The Iran Revolution of 1979, 2008.
This paper discuses the events leading to the Iran Revolution of 1979.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1979, millions of Iranians succeeded in ousting Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1941-1979), the Shah of Iran. The author points out that, while the Shah was known as a 'darling to the West', he tried to authoritarianly modernize too rapidly and did not adapt his political institutions sufficiently to the economic and social changes he had brought about. The paper relates that, inspired by hopes for democracy, economic prosperity for all classes, gender equality and a leadership that would not allow Iranian culture to be swallowed up by Western values, many Iranian women joined the rebellion. The author reports that the world was surprised by the Iranian Revolution, which was led by Ayatollah Rudolph Khomeini in exile in Paris. The paper relates that the Muslims believed that the modern age was 20th century remake of the Jahiliyya of ancient times that had to be destroyed as Mohammed the prophet had destroyed its predecessor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Let's take a look at the historical elements that lead up to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Post World War II created a very different world. Colonial (English, French, Dutch, and other) control of much of the Mid-East, Asia, Africa, South American (the Third World) was on the wane. Two superpowers emerged, the United States and the USSR (Russia). The USSR leaving regimes were based on a military government with socialist tendencies and a strong tribal, regional or ethnic minority base; this was the case in Algeria, Syria, Iraq, South Yemen and Egypt."
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Employee Perceptions and Empowerment, 2002.
Examines the relationships among employees' work perceptions of expectations, opportunities, fulfillment and performance.
25,550 words (approx. 102.2 pages), 186 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the area of consumer food marketing which has been an unresearched area in the realm of empowerment and employee perceptions. The purpose of the research is to determine the relationships among the study variables of opportunity, fulfillment, expectations and performance, since these factors are related to perceptions of empowerment in the literature, and to determine if these factors varied by age, income and marital status in a sample of 224 participants. This problem is studied through the use of the Work Perceptions Profile, a survey devised, tested and validated by Pace and Mills (1990). Data in the paper is analyzed by correlational and chi square statistics to answer the research questions regarding variable correlational relationships and effects of demographics (age, income, marital status).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Employee Perceptions to Empowerment
Statement of the Problem
Background of the Study
Theoretical Support
Definition of Terms
Significance of the Study
Scope, Delimitations, & Limitations
Research Questions
Summary
Literature Review
Introduction
Theoretical Models
Psychoanalytical Models
Behavioral Models
Self-Efficacy Models
Models of Motivation
Empowerment
Job Characteristics and Job Design
Research Study and Design
Job Satisfaction
Career Self-Efficacy
Life Styles and Marital Status
Summary
Methodology
Research Methods
Population and Sample
Instrumentation
Procedures
Data Analysis
Limitations
Results
Study Background
Findings
Corollaries of Age and Income
Opportunities for Growth
Perceptions of Fulfillment
Perceptions of Advancement
Perceptions of Performance
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
Implications
Limitations
Recommendations
Researcher Note
References
From the Paper
"Literature on empowerment shows the subject has been approached mainly from an end-state perspective or has focused on a single dimension. Relevant literature can generally be grouped into result orientation. Successful cases on empowerment studies includes (Berman, 1995; Burbidge, 1995) study on operational orientation, which focuses on empowerment through delayering, involving, establishing commitment, teaming and intervening (Bogg, 1995; Lashley, 1995b; Nixon, 1994; Osborne, 1994). Empowerment has been studied from the perspective of trait orientation, characterized by preconditions of control and power, trust and inclusion, accountability, honesty and risk-taking (Anfuso, 1994; Foster-Fishman & Keys, 1995). Another study on empowerment focused mainly on individual orientation, which included personal feeling, personal power, self-determination and cognitive variables of empowerment (Baird, 1994; Fulford & Enz, 1995; Spreitzer, 1995). In-depth investigation of a single dimension may provide a useful perspective, yet, at the implementation level, such an approach does not reflect adequately the complex sets of variables involved. Zimmerman (1990) commented that an overly individualistic conception of empowerment might limit one's understanding of the environmental influences, organizational factors, or social, cultural and political contexts. As organizations have striven to become more competitive, many have overlooked a critical element-the overall framework that could turn empowerment from a nice concept to a competitive advantage. Those employees? perception of expectations, opportunities, fulfillment and performance when factored into the organization?s culture, could determine if these variables impact an employee?s perception of empowerment. The culture of the organization could increase employee loyalty which would increase employment longevity and reducing the attrition rate."
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Risk Perceptions, 2006.
The paper analyzes the relevance of individuals' perceptions of risks to the actions of the government in managing potential hazards.
4,839 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 56 sources, MLA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role risk perceptions play in shaping citizens' policy preferences on three issues involving types of potential harms: air pollution, crime, and hazardous waste storage and disposal. The paper uses cases studies to illustrate that risk perceptions are relevant to the public's views on environmental issues. The analysis shows that crime, as a personal safety/social policy issue, and air pollution as an environmental regulatory issue are extremely similar in terms of determinants of policy preferences. Hazardous waste storage and disposal is quite dissimilar. The paper concludes that that it is evident that most individuals do see the role of government as inclusive of a duty to protect the citizenry from such hazardous materials and environments.
Outline:
Introduction
Specific Case Studies Regarding Waste Management Issues
Specific Relationships between Risk Management and Policy
Risk in Individual Policy Preferences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Individuals' perceptions of risks are relevant to the policy process. The degree of risk individuals assign to activities (e.g., cigarette smoking) or technologies (e.g., genetic modification of foods) involving possible harm helps shape their attitudes toward public policy on such issues. Extensive literatures explain both the underlying causes of risk perception per se and the determinants of assigning risk to particular activities, situations, or technologies. But relatively few studies account for how those risk perceptions specifically influence preferences toward government policies designed to manage potential public health, personal safety, or ecological hazards."
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The Perceptions of Two Noted Explorers on Mexico, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the perceptions of the two explorers Hernan Cortes and Bernal Diaz del Castillo on the exploration of Mexico.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores two perceptions of the early exploration of Mexico by the texts of two noted explorers, Hernan Cortes and Bernal Diaz del Castillo. In particular, two works are noted as being representative of the texts of that era, being Cortes' "Letters from Mexico" and del Castillo's "The True History of the Conquering of New Spain". This paper focuses primarily on these two sources, although other sources are used.
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Perceptions - Hearing and Flavor, 2002.
An insight into the perceptions of flavor and hearing including an overview of sensory processes and the workings of the ear.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study resource for the physics and perception of detection of flavor and hearing. It consists of details regarding the sensation of flavor and the sensory processes in it. It also covers the details of the physical function of the components of the inner ear and the process of perception within the inner ear.
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