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Perception Of Arabs, 2004.
An examination of how Arabs are portrayed and perceived in the U.S. media.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influence the U.S. media has in shaping the public's perception of Arabs and Muslim, focusing on the period from the 1940s through the 1990s. The paper examines romanticism and oriental fantasy in early movies, the impact these perceptions had on the Middle East crisis and the media perpetration of stereotypes and racism.
From the Paper
"The characterization of Arabs in the U.S. media is closely aligned with U.S. foreign and military policy. The media is instrumental in portraying stereotypes or perpetuating racism and prejudice against what becomes the other. The other is necessarily portrayed as inferior or undesirable incomparable to mainstream American values and identity. Berkhofer's model for how media images of the other were used against Native Americans is a fitting model to explain the treatment of Arabs in the U.S. media since the..."
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Non Arab Worries in an Arab World, 2005.
This paper discusses business practices in Arab dominated countries in the Middle East.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the overall nature of business practices in the Middle East as it pertains to Arab culture. Emphasis is given to Arab language in that the communication barrier itself must be overcome as well as to particular speech patterns within the Arabic culture that differ greatly from Western languages. Dress and behavior patterns are touched upon as are woman and how to navigate certain situations related to woman. Finally, some discussion is devoted to employment practices in the Arab region as it pertains to a foreign entity.
From the Paper
"In considering business practices in Arab dominated countries the two single most important factors are the Arabic language itself and the Muslim religion. Arabic is a part of the culture and every effort should be made acclimatize oneself to it: "The Arabic language, which Muslims respect as the language of God, has had an enormous influence on Arab culture and character". Yet, while the language creates a formidable barrier insofar as business practices are concerned, the Muslim faith and its interweaving with all things social and political create a much greater difficulty for non-Muslim, non-Arab business entities intent on undertaking a business venture in an Arab country. The Muslim faith is dominant throughout the Middle East and, in fact, dominates many of the regions governing bodies as well."
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Arabs in the Media, 2003.
Examines the cultural misunderstanding of the Arabs in the Western media.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Many Westerners see Arabs and Moslems as bloodthirsty, violent, and ignorant terrorists. This pro-Palestinian paper argues that, while these may be untrue stereotypes, the Arabs have not made any efforts to respond to them and show the West the truth of who they are. It argues that, although the anti-Arab stereotypes in the West are usually blamed by the Arab world on the Jewish media, the fact is that the Arabs are partly responsible for the creation of these stereotypes because of the violent actions that they have taken and the fact that they have not tried to create understanding between their culture and the Western world.
From the Paper
"The Arabs must act upon the understanding that the media is not only an instrument for spreading information, but an instrument of "political public relations" (Mansour). It is used by countries and groups of people to argue their cause in front of the international community, and to appeal to public opinion in democratic countries such as the United States. As Ambassador Gamal Mansour explains, if the Arabs and Palestinians are to correct the "Jewish-propagated stereotypes," they have to appeal directly to the American public who, in turn, can influence the foreign policy of the United States towards the Middle East."
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"The Dream Palace of the Arabs", 2002.
Discusses the book "The Dream Palace of the Arabs" by Fouad Ajami.
2,367 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the main theme of the above-entitled book--the conflict between the intellectual content of Arab nationalism and the realities of the Middle East in modern times and the resulting disillusionment and alienation of many Arab intellectuals. The main focus of the essay is Chapter One, The Suicide of Khalil Hawi: Requiem for a Generation, with reference to excerpts from other chapters and other sources with respect to the period leading up to Hawi's death on June 6, 1982.
From the Paper
"Hawi was a Christian Arab of Greek Orthodox origins who was born in December 1919 and grew up in mountainous areas east of Beirut, Lebanon. He was exposed at an early age to the ravages of the Turks and the hardships of post-World War I Lebanon. He became well-known as an Arab poet and as a professor at the American University in Beirut (AUB) and at Cambridge University in England. Ajami uses his life and the development of his thought to trace the disenchantment and despair his generation of Arab intellectuals felt toward the directions Arab nationalism had taken since the days of his youth."
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Stereotyping of Arabs by the Mass Media, 2001.
A look at how the mass media has portrayed Arabs as terrorists, thereby greatly influencing the way people look at them.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, $ 65.95
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From the Paper
"Newspapers, television, radio and Internet are the main sources that the public turns to when they want to be informed about issues that are taking place in the world around them. The media has been able to send out subliminal messages about minority groups and their actions. Mass media has portrayed Arabs as terrorists there by greatly influencing the way people look at them. The media manipulates, distorts and abuses the way people view Arabs by associating terrorist attacks with Arabs and Muslims. "
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"The Dream Palace of the Arabs" by Fouad Ajami, 2000.
An analysis of the work on Arab intellectual life in second half of the 20th century and comparison to two other related works.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
"Fouad Ajami?s The Dream Palace of the Arabs is a tale both of a place and of a generation. It is in many ways a hagiography of the world of the Arab intellectual in the 20th century, a world lived in large measure in exile, sometimes even from within the intellectual?s native land.
From the Paper
"Fouad Ajami?s The Dream Palace of the Arabs is a tale both of a place and of a generation. It is in many ways a hagiography of the world of the Arab intellectual in the 20th century, a world lived in large measure in exile, sometimes even from within the intellectual?s native land. It is a tale of theocracy and artistic freedom, of longing for belonging, of the passionate desire to find out who one is and why it is that one is different from both peoples in other places and from peoples in other times. This paper looks at some of the themes in this book as they are laid out in Ajami?s prologue and connects these themes to other authors exploring some of the same subjects.
Ajami is writing the story of the world of ideas in which intellectual Arabs have immersed themselves ? or tried to immerse themselves ? during the years more or less after World War II and the..."
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The Arabs in Israel, 2002.
Explores the political, economic and societal conditionsof the Palestinian/Arab community in Israel.
2,775 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 102.95
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Abstract
The Arabs in Israel belong to the larger Palestinian/Arab community, but instrumentally, they belong to Israel as their state of citizenship where they must have their daily needs met. While they enjoy a range of rights, they do not have equal rights with Jews since Israel is a state of the Jewish people. Discrimination against the Palestinian citizens has been reconciled with Israeli democracy on the basis that the Palestinians are a potential threat to the security of the state.
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The Portrayal of Arabs in the American Media, 2004.
American media bias against the plight and realities of the Arab population.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This is an argumentative paper, which states that the American media is biased against the Arab population. It provides examples of such discrimination and examines the effects that this type of portrayal has on society.
From the Paper
"A stereotype is the creation of a biased opinion or view. One individual will attribute the actions of one to an entire group of people ? bound by a common link such as race, sex, or national origin. Stereotypes often cause people to act and react in biased and judgmental ways. Even the usage of the word Arab elicits bias as it is used to group together people from different countries, with their own cultures, beliefs and religions. Arabs in America have faced numerous challenges in their attempt to adjust to a foreign society, mostly due to stereotypes. A stereotype or even the reinforcement of a stereotype removed the need and responsibility to examine individuals solely on the basis of their character. Media executives can create and perpetuate a stereotype with little or no proof to back it up and instead of researching the topic or revising images which might create a stereotype, they pass it off to the American public as the truth."
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"The Dream Palace of the Arabs" by Fouad Ajami, 2000.
A review of the work on the conflict between the intellectual content of Arab nationalism and the realities of the Middle East, resulting in disillusionment and alienation.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The mechanization of war, which began tentatively in the 19th century, has been its dominant feature in the 20th. This mechanization is most obvious, and most often thought of, in terms of weapons: machine-gun, aircraft, missiles.
From the Paper
"The Dream Palace of the Arabs
The mechanization of war, which began tentatively in the 19th century, has been its dominant feature in the 20th. This mechanization is most obvious, and most often thought of, in terms of weapons: machine-gun, aircraft, missiles. . The main focus of the essay is Chapter One, The Suicide of Khalil Hawi: Requiem for a Generation, with reference to excerpts from other chapters and other sources with respect to the period leading up to Hawi's death on June 6, 1982.
Intellectual Origins of Arab Nationalism
Hawi was a Christian Arab of Greek Orthodox origins who was born in December 1919 and grew up in mountainous areas east of Beirut, Lebanon. He was exposed at an early age to the ravages of..."
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One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate, 2002.
Review of 'One Palestine, Complete' by Tom Segev.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This ten-page senior level paper is on the book 'One Palestine, Complete' by Tom Segev who is a columnist for Ha'aretz, Israel's leading newspaper, and author of two now-classic works on the history of Israel, 1949: The First Israelis and The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust. One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate, is a panoramic view of life in Palestine during the three strife-torn but decades when Britain ruled and the seeds of today's conflicts were sown.
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Arab Nationalism: Challenges and Failures, 2004.
A look at two facets of Arab nationalism and how nationalism has influenced the politics, perceptions, and the actions of the Arab people.
2,536 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the implications for the Arab peoples of the concept of the Arab nation and Arab nationalism. The paper discusses how this concept affects the politics of the Arab nations, looks at how attainable the Arab nation really is, and discusses the real obstacles to achieving Arab unity. The paper includes a complete outline and an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"The Arab nation, or Arab World, does not actually exist as a united country, but as a dream in the hearts and minds of many of the citizens of the twenty two Arab countries that form this nation. The fact that the Arab nation does not exist, could serve as an argument against the notion of Arab nationalism. Quite simply, how can Arab nationalism be real or taken in a serious sense when there is no Arab nation? Even though this question is a natural and logical one, considering that the reference is to feelings of nationalism for a nation that does not exist, it ignores one important historical fact. That is, the Arab nations did once exist, and was once united under a single powerful empire. Although it does not presently exist, as a geographic and political reality, the Arab nation has survived in terms of a shared language, culture and history, common traditions and beliefs, and most importantly united goals and ambitions. Therefore, while one has to concede to the fact that the Arab nation is not a nation in the traditional sense of the world and that attempts at creating this nation over the past decades have failed, the fact is that the Arab nation and Arab nationalism are real, have powerful psychological attraction for Arabs, and have been the basis of popular Arab ideologies; and the failure to achieve the goal of Arab unity has mainly been due to the reluctance of the individual Arab leaders to give up their dictatorship powers in favour of power-sharing with other leaders."
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Arab Popular Music, 2005.
This paper discusses Arabic popular music as a political expression.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the currently diverse trends in Arabic popular music signify that a deep social change is occurring within the Arab world, changing social values, tastes, and even methods of expressing political and social objection and protest, both against the West and against Arab governments. The author points out that Arabic music is becoming increasingly influenced by Western rhythms and forms, and some Arabic music videos reflect liberal Western sexual attitudes. The paper also relates that the Arabs are imposing themselves on Western music by using Western rhythms and styles, but sometimes with very Arabic lyrics, which are anti-Western, to protest against American influence over the Arabs.
From the Paper
"On the one hand, this has attracted a significant Western audience to Arabic music for the first time ever while, on the other, has aroused religious anger among certain groups in the Arab World. Jim Bessman remarks on this phenomenon in "Arabic Music Moves West." According to his observations, the reason why the United States music market has opened up to Arabic music is that this music has become more familiar to the Western ears in rhythm, beat and singing style. However, in the Arab world the traditional and religious groups in the societies are strongly opposed to the westernization of Arabic music."
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Learning Arabic in English, 2005.
An in-depth study at the method of using English as a first language to teach Arabic as a second language.
18,352 words (approx. 73.4 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study explores elementary Arabic heritage students' use of English as a first language (L1) to learn Arabic as a second language (L2). Far from being restricted to "good language learners" or certain corners of academia, L2 acquisition and learning occurs in a wide variety of settings. The literature review is divided into three major parts. The first part is a concise history of Arab immigration to the United States. The second part is a short description of the Arabic language, its origins and characteristics. The third section of the literature review explores previous studies and research of the manner in which L1 supports the learning and acquisition of L2.
The basic hypothesis that is tested is as follows: If the students retrogress as they use their first language to learn the second one, it is clear that there is interference in the long run. However, if the students show overall progress in the long run as they use the first language to learn the second one, there is no significant interference. The results of the study predict that students will show overall progress as they use the first language to learn the second one. Finally, the study results have significant implications for future research in languages and teaching methods.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Part I. Historical Background Surrounding the Arab Immigration
Part II. The Arabic Language
Arabic Language and Identity
Part III. Use of a First Language (L1) to Support the Learning and Acquisition of a Second Language (L2)
Brief Historical Background
Second Language Learners
Mismatch Hypothesis
The Natural Order Hypothesis
The Input Hypothesis
Environmentalist Theory
The Threshold Theory
Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis
Analysis of Literature Review
Arguments against L1 & L2 Learning
Significance of the Study
Data Collection
Study Participants
Methodologies
Procedure
Scheduling
Presentation of Analysis of Results and General Summary of Findings
Interview Analysis
Importance of the Study Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, there remain as many questions as answers, such as whether English will ultimately take over advanced education, as well as serving for international communication. Additionally, will the status of Arabic change, will its official role be implemented, and will the Arabic minority maintain their language? It remains to be seen whether language policy and planning are able to effect such a complex situation, whether language decisions can have effects on the social and political context, or whether they are in fact driven completely by external political and economic forces (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997). We know that the linguistic repertoire of a country is a reflection of a myriad of political, demographic, cultural, religious and economic factors (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997).
A review of the related research and proposed study reveals that unraveling the sociocultural and political influences on the second language learner is no small task. In addition, there is tremendous variation in the contexts within which both individuals and groups acquire a second language ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Educators face the challenge of understanding those contexts, what motivates individuals, the relationship between first and second languages, and the academic environment, as well as the different demands placed on the second language learner in a classroom setting ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Some researchers have posited that teachers understanding of the second language acquisition process will guide their instructional strategies toward ways to accommodate second language learners in their various developmental sequences. "
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Arab Culture in America, 2008.
This paper explores the issues facing Arabs in America today.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the challenges Arab-Americans face in their culture today. The paper discusses how many Americans stereotype all Arabs as Muslims who are enraged against the United States and western culture, although that is a false assumption of the majority of Arab-Americans living and working in the U.S. The paper shows how their own strong sense of culture, family and religion help them balance their world with the American world.
From the Paper
"Arab Americans seem to have one foot in their past and another squarely in their future. The Arab culture is extremely close-knit, with families playing an extremely important role in this culture. Jobs play an important part of this culture, because they are the place where many Arabs may spend a majority of their daily activities, and they may present challenges for many reasons. Employment in America is based on a Christian calendar and Christian ideals. Arab employees may find it difficult to pray during the day, and they may find it difficult to celebrate Arab holidays, which fall outside the traditional holiday calendar used in America."
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American View of the Arab World, 2002.
An examination of various polls conducted during the period starting from 1963 till 2003 to analyze how the American public assesses the political issues in the Middle East and the other Arab countries.
2,267 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Americans feel that the Arabs barely recognize the role of Americans in helping the Arab states. It evaluates how public opinion seems to be that Americans feel that the Arabs just want the Middle East policy to be a zero-sum game, which would mean they stop supporting Israel and this is where the Arabs are largely disadvantaged. It analyzes how the root of the conflicts is due to the fact that Arabs want the U.S to choose either them or Israel. However, the U.S. chooses to maintain a diplomatic relationship with both. It examines different polls on different countries and analyzes the results.
Outline
Egypt
Iraq
Palestine
Lebanon and Turkey
The Country that Attracts the Most Attention
Predictions about U.S. Public Opinion about the Region in the 2003-2008
From the Paper
"Americans view events in the Middle East important for US foreign policy. They think that the Middle East is the most important region in the world for the interests of the US. In April 2002, Americans were asked if America was risking its position by taking part in the Israeli-Palestinian crisis, 61% said yes, while only 35% said no. In May 2000 a Gallup survey asked, "How important do you think what happens in each of the following areas of the world is to the United States today?" On the Middle East, 53% majority said it was "vitally important" and another 34% said it was "important but not vital." Just 10% believed it was not important. The Middle East was the only region that a majority felt was vitally important. In comparison, 39% felt Western Europe was vitally important, 36% felt the same about Asia, and all other regions were deemed vitally important by 30% or less."
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