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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2008.
An examination of an organization that sets out to protect animal rights but with extreme actions.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the work and ideas of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and gives an account of an exercise carried out to promote its cause and explain its positions.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Language Analysis
From the Paper
"The saying goes that actions speak louder than words, and for some groups attempting to persuade the public of the virtue of their point of view, this can be an unfortunate truth. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) offer a persuasive argument on their website and in various literature, but the virtues of their point of view are often lost on the public because of actions the group has taken that cause people to view them as a fringe group with extreme ideas. The ideas may not really be that extreme, but their actions sometimes are and so undercut the power of their speech. PETA is dedicated first to the same sorts of issues as the SPCA (or the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). The latter group seeks legislation to prevent cruelty to animals and promotes public awareness of cases of cruelty. The group also promotes caring for animals as a virtue to be pursued. PETA does much the same but also takes more extreme positions against those who in any way disagree with them or who may use animals in any way that causes the disapproval of the organization. This sometimes leads to extreme action, such as throwing blood on people wearing fur. Such actions have given the group a reputation that undercuts the persuasive power of their speech."
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Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2004.
Overview of the goals, philosophy and activities of the organization, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history, development, goals and policies of the PETA organization. The paper talks about its membership, its spokespersons, its investigative, political and legal activities, and its successes and failures in achieving its objectives. The paper also looks at the controversial aspect of the organization and what it could do to better meet its objectives in the fight for animal rights.
From the Paper
"The organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA,), is an international nonprofit group dedicated to the defense and protection of all animals (PETA Media Center, ?Fact Sheet?). Their work brings together members from all walks of life, including scientists, the judicial system, legislative communities, and ordinary citizens. Though their methods have been criticized in the past, their goals remain vital parts of our culture today."
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The Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2001.
A paper which discusses the issue of factory farming.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The ethical treatment of animals in today's society has come to a crucial standoff between those who oppose any use of animals for testing along with the mistreatment of factory farm animals, and those who believe that the use of animals for such activities are important to protect and feed humans. The paper reflects where the line should be drawn - should animals have the same rights as humans, or are they of a lesser life-form and be used as a resource? This paper discusses the far extremes of this matter, being the absolute disregard for animals having any rights, versus the belief that animals are capable of feeling emotions and pain.
From the Paper
"A small rat sits alone in a cage. On an hourly basis a chemical is pumped through the air supply. This is a project that will eventually kill the rat, but it might just save millions of humans. "Every day, consumers in more than 140 countries purchase P&G (Proctor & Gamble) products - from deodorants and shampoos to laundry detergents and household cleaners. They take for granted that these products will be safe when used as instructed. " Five chickens are crammed in a cage so tight they cannot turn around thus, their energy is stored in the body to create more flesh. Their beaks have been removed by heated blade so that they do not peck each other to death. Their feathers have been rubbed off and their skins chaffed. These chickens are deprived of light so that they will eat larger amounts of food. They will provide more poultry meat than any free range chickens. This isn't Old MacDonald's Farm."
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Ethics and Animals, 2002.
An analysis and application of virtue ethics to the treatment of animals.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
While, today, we talk of acts being good or bad, often in reference to some ethical code or rule, if one were to read Plato or Aristotle, one would find them assessing acts on the basis of their promotion of the good in individuals. The ethical theory under which the ancient Greek philosophers operated is now termed "virtue ethics". In order to better understand this complex mode of ethical judgement, this essay will describe in detail what it entails. Then, in order to better appreciate its significance, it will be applied to the question of the ethical treatment of animals in the modern world. Finally, on the basis of the description and application, an evaluation will be made of its value as an ethical theory.
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Ethical Egoism and Ethical Relativism, 2002.
Examines the positions of ethical egoism and relativism about morality of individual action and their validity in the contemporary discourse of philosophy.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that ethical egoism underlies a fundamental assumption of self-interest and happiness whereas ethical relativism holds that morality is relative to the norms of society.
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Ethics and Animal Rights, 2005.
An analysis from an ethics perspective of a cosmetics company's refusal to sell products tested on animals.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper is about the ethics of animal rights and using animals for medical experiments and to test products (eye makeup etc.). The paper uses a case analysis approach involving "The Body Shop" cosmetics and personal care company.
From the Paper
"This case analysis is concerned with a decision by a company operating in the cosmetics and personal care products industry to reject the use of research and testing involving non human animals in the development and manufacture of products sold by the company. The company at the focus of this case analysis is "The Body Shop". This case analysis assesses the issues surrounding this decision from a perspective of ethical systems and theory."
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Animal Ethics, 2006.
An argument for the moral righteousness of animal rights for endangered animals.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the moral rights of animals has been brought forth through the theories of Darwin, Peter Singer, as well as the counter argument of Speciesism, which now dominate the ethical battles for or against human superiority in Earth. In many ways, both the microcosmic and macrocosmic arguments both offer insights into how Darwin's theory has been an integral part of animal rights debates.
From the Paper
"This ethics study will analyze the basis of Animal rights for endangered species, and argue why they have equal rights to existence, alongside human beings. By using the arguments of Peter Singer in regards to the moral righteousness of equality for animals, the arguments used against this position will be brought forth by Speciesists. By utilizing both arguments for or against animal rights, one can realize the moral and biological reasons that animals should possess equal rights. In regards to endangered animals, this ethical consideration should be taken seriously, as all animals play an important in the biological whole of human ecosystem."
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Ethics of Animal Testing, 2001.
The paper explains the benefits and downsides of animal testing. It goes through the history and ties in ethics.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ongoing debate in society regarding animal testing. The author examines the guidelines for experimentation on animals, modern methods, and discusses the pros and cons of experimenting on animals for human benefit.
From the Paper
"Are the ways that science researches with animals to find cures to today?s problems ethical, or is it simply an excuse for animal cruelty? Animal testing is a crucial part of finding cures to diseases and other problems that plague today?s society. Animals have been the subjects of tests since the early eighteen hundreds in order to try to find cures to common problems back then. Humans test all kinds of products on animals no matter how it harms the animals. There are valid reasons for testing some products on animals. However, I think that some of the methods used are unethical. Is maliciously harming an animal ethical if it helps the human race?"
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Ethics & Animal Experimentation, 1996.
Moral & religious (Christian & Jewish) aspects of debate over use of animals in science & research into human disease.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to explore the issues involved in animal experimentation from the perspectives of theology and ethics. Christian and other religious viewpoints are considered, along with the specific body of ethics that has built up around biomedical research. Some fundamental questions are raised. What is humankind's relationship with the rest of the animal world? Do humans have moral responsibilities and obligations toward animals and, indeed, toward the natural environment of which humans are all a part? Should animals be used at all in biomedicine? Are there alternatives? Do animals have rights? Do they deserve to be treated humanely? What limits should be set in animal experimentation? What ethics should guide the use of animals in ..."
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Animal Rights/Animal Liberation, 1999.
Defends the ethical basis for the animal rights movement in their fight against the use of animals in research, based on ecocentric philosophy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings
From the Paper
"ANIMAL RIGHTS/ANIMAL LIBERATION: AN ETHICAL DEFENSE
Introduction
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings.
The Ethical Basis of Animal Rights/Animal Liberation ..."
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Ethics and Environmental Ethics, 2006.
An investigation into ethics and how they apply to natural resource management.
4,455 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper defines ethics and explains some of the different viewpoints on ethics that exist. The paper then gives a critical view of ethics. Next, it discusses Aldo Leopold's land ethic. The paper concludes that there are many different opposing viewpoints in ethics and every person must make up their own ethics by which to live.
Table of Contents:
How do we Define Ethics?
A complicated System of Groups
Ethical Theories
Deontological Versus Teleological Theories
Every Situation is Different
The Critical View of Ethics
The Never Ending Story
Ethics as a Limiting Factor
Ethics as Propaganda
Ethics and the Environment
Aldo Leopold's Ethics
Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic
Conclusion
In the Literature
The Rose Theory
From the Paper
"In order to discuss ethics, one must first attempt to understand the intricacies involved in this discipline. First, a distinction must be made between ethics and morality. "Ethical wisdom consists in knowing how to frame the ideal, and moral sagacity consists in knowing how to put the ideal to work and realize it in practice" (Rader 1964). In other words, ethics may be thought of as the theory by which morality is practiced. Although separate ideas, neither morality nor ethics can exist without the other. Once this distinction is made, the question must be asked, is ethics a science? Researchers have long tried to answer this question, and many have come to the following conclusion. It is believed that ethics is a "normative science: concerned with norms and standards not empirical facts" (Rader 1964)."
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Eco-feminism and Animal Rights, 2002.
An interview with a feminist connected to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and a review of literature on the subject.
1,924 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
Since the 1970s, the feminist movement has expanded in many directions. There are feminists solely concerned with equal rights for women who are part of the liberal wing of feminism. There are the romantic feminists who contend that women and men really are different, but that the superiority is on the side of women's socialization. The paper shows that there are also feminists who have connected more with international movements for social justice, sustainability and ecological rights. This paper conducts an interview with a feminist involved with the animals rights movement. It then briefly explores the connection between feminism and animal rights by analyzing available literature on the subject.
From the Paper
"Vandana Shiva (1989) provided many concrete examples of the connection between women's oppression, and suffering, and the degradation of the natural world. She also talked about the way that ordinary women themselves have begun to make that connection and start to fight back to preserve the parts of their world that allow them to survive. For example, the Chipko movement in India was begun by women who sought to stop deforestation by literally hugging trees, trying to keep the trees from being removed. For them, the trees, and a sustainable forest ecology, meant the ability to provide heat, energy, cooking fuel, and other necessities for their families. They realized that with deforestation and development came poverty. Development, in the Western style, was not desirable to many of them."
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Usage of Animals in Old English Writing, 2000.
A look at the use and treatment of animals in old English Literature.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
A discussion of the parallel between the strength of the Christian influence and the treatment of animals in Old English literature, including examples from Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" and Marie de France?s "Lanval and Fables".
From the Paper
"Though the selection of Old English material that has been covered in this course is but a small sample of what is available, the works we have covered are some of the most famous and influential from history, and one can make inferences about all Old English works from this sample. Therefore, judging by these works, taken from the Seventh Edition of the Norton Anthology of English Literature, Volume One, it appears that the more Christianized a work of Old English literature it is, the less reverence or respect is given to animals, when animals are mentioned at all. In fact, the works can be divided into three categories, each of which treats animals in a different manner. The first category is the oldest of this literature, the truly Germanic tales where the Christian God is rarely mentioned and may have actually been added in by the translator. Unfortunately we have only one representative of this group, Beowulf. The second category is made up of works that were not written for a distinctly religious purpose but certainly have Christian undertones. These include Marie de France?s Lanval and Fables, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Chaucer?s The Canterbury Tales. The third category consists of works that were written specifically for religious purposes or by religious people, such as monks or priests. Those referred to here are An Ecclesiastical History of the English People by the Venerable Bede, The Dream of the Rood, and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle."
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People and Animals, 1992.
Examines the impact of people's philosophical, cultural and religious beliefs on the treatment and abuse of animals.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this report will be to explore the unique relationship which has existed between man's philosophical and religious beliefs, and his relationship with animals as a result. The report will explore the various rituals, myths and actual philosophies of religious sacrifice wherein animals are deified, or destroyed. Examples will be given from many different areas with an explanation as to how each particular group (with its distinct philosophy) viewed the animal, its soul, and its relationship to the individual, or the public. A conclusion will discuss the significance of philosophies that all use life forms for religious practices when we ourselves are no more responsible for giving or taking life than they are. Relevant factors like using animals for laboratory experiments will be tied into this analysis to show how our ancient beliefs and philosophies are ..."
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The Use of Animals in George Orwell's "Animal Farm", 2001.
This paper looks at George Orwell's novel, "Animal Farm."
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.
From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that ?milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig? (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in ?very comfortable beds?, and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."
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