| Papers [1-15] of 35 :: [Page 1 of 3] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 —> | Search results on "PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE": |
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, 2004.
An analysis of pelvic inflammatory disease .
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses pelvic inflammatory disease, a highly transmittable and serious condition, which requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The paper contends that delayed diagnosis and treatment will result in poor prognosis and serious complications, such as infertility and chronic pelvic pain. The paper presents suggestions to prevent this disease. While research is still underway in developing good diagnostic and effective treatment methods, the paper recommends a common sense approach to contain the spread of the disease would be to maintain sexual hygiene and follow precautionary measures.
From the Paper
"Antibiotics constitute the mainstay treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Treatment for PID presents two main problems. First, obtaining the specimens from the upper genital tracts is difficult. Second, the infection may be attributed to multiple pathogenic agents all of which may not respond to a prescribed medication. Physicians in general prescribe a combination of antibiotics to fight the infection. Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin are some of the commonly prescribed antibiotics in the treatment of PID. The safety of the drug for use during pregnancy must be ascertained before beginning the course. Also it is necessary as a preemptive measure to treat sexual partners in order to completely eliminate the possibility of reinfection. In acute cases where there is severe damage to the peritoneal tissues or bursting of abscess, surgical interventions are necessary. Intrauterine devises need to removed be in order not to increase risk of reinfection."
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Pelvic Imbalance.
A clinical review of pelvic imbalance and its possible link to idiopathic musculoskeletal pain.
10,329 words (approx. 41.3 pages), 43 sources, APA, $ 207.95
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Abstract
This study attempts to prove the hypothesis that the maintaining factor in many patients' idiopathic musculoskeletal pain (MSP) syndromes can be linked to an imbalance in the pelvic structures. The paper further attempts to determine whether poor physical therapeutic outcome measures could be directly related to this pelvic imbalance and what sort of treatment must be undertaken in order to improve therapeutic outcomes. The paper concludes that improved treatment outcomes for patients with MSP syndromes can best be achieved by providing global treatment through an integrated model that incorporates myofascial and joint manipulation and the establishment of optimal pelvic functional balance.
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Troyanovich states normal erect human posture under the control of static equilibrium, dictates a true vertical spine in the anterioposterior and lateral views. In the lateral view, normal posture is defined as balance about a coronal line of gravity line that passes through the external auditory meatus, a point just anterior to the acromioclavicular joint, while slightly posterior to the centre of the knee and through the lateral melleoli and talus of the ankle joints."
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Therapeutic Ultrasound, 2004.
An examination of the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound as a treatment for chronic inflammatory conditions.
2,369 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses therapeutic ultrasound, a physical modality used in the treatment of a plethora of medical and surgical conditions by many health care practitioners. Although widespread use of therapeutic ultrasound suggests efficacy, its specific physiological and therapeutic effects remain questionable. In particular, it examines how chronic inflammatory conditions are specific musculoskeletal conditions in which the acute inflammatory process is unable to restore the tissue to its original state. It looks at how, over the past few decades, chronic inflammatory conditions like tendinitis have increased dramatically, and the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of one of the most utilized modalities for the treatment of these conditions has grown.
From the Paper
"Absorption, reflection, refraction and acoustical streaming are primarily responsible for the ability of ultrasound to produce biophysical effects. (8) The biophysical effects of ultrasound are grouped into two classifications, thermal and nonthermal. Thermal effects of ultrasound are mainly a result of absorption and reflection. They include increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, increased pain threshold, increased macrophage activity, increased collagen deposition, and reduction of muscle spasm. Nonthermal effects of ultrasound are mainly a result of acoustical streaming. Acoustical streaming is defined as the unidirectional flow of tissue fluids. These effects include tissue regeneration, wound healing, reduction of edema, synthesis of protein and collagen, and changes in cell membrane permeability."
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Information Technology with Chronic Illness, 2007.
This paper analyzes a study by Winkelman, W., Leonard, K. and Rossos, P. that explored the perceived usefulness of electronic medical information for patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Winkelman, Leonard and Rossos' study that investigated the value and usefulness of Internet-based patient access to information for patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The paper evaluates the study design and its rationale, research purpose, target population, participants, ethical issues, data quality methods, findings, limitations and implications. The paper relates that while the study provides an indication of the usefulness of information technology regarding chronic illness, it is limited because it is a qualitative and therefore a subjective study. The paper points out, however, that the qualitative method is the only available means to understand the patient's perspective that should always be of central importance.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale
Research Purpose
The Target Population
Study Participants and Setting
Ethical Considerations
Data Quality Methods
Findings and Limitations
Implications for Nursing
Summary
From the Paper
"The design used was a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive (grounded theory) study which made use of in-depth interviews. The grounded theory approach does not being with a theoretical framework, but leads to the development of a theory. The rationale for the methodology was that a descriptive, exploratory approach such as grounded theory in conjunction with chronically ill patients' perceptions would enable the language and perceptions of chronically ill patients to emerge (Winkelman, et al., 2005). The design was appropriate because the use of information technology by patients may be beneficial or it can be problematic. What is most lacking in many facilities is the patient's point of view on this technology, and therefore the implementation of technology has been uneven. Patients' own perceptions can clarify its value."
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Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2005.
This paper discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis.
2,660 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, previously considered a benign disabling illness, rheumatoid arthritis is now recognized as a cause of increased mortality due to the systemic effects of peri-cardial disease, interstitial lung disease and systemic vasculitis. The author points out that the differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis from other rheumatic diseases can be difficult; however, certain clinical features, such as joint inflammation and the number and specific joint sites affected can help indicate if the diagnosis should be RA. The paper relates that the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown but there is some indication that a common virus or bacterium might serve as a triggering event; however, there is still no evidence to implicate a specific infectious agent.
From the Paper
"Joint inflammation is characteristically polyarticular, symmetrical, and in severe cases may be warm and erythematous. Joints involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis include proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), the wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle. Rheumatoid nodules, an aggregate of inflammatory cells surrounding a center of cellular debris, can occur on the extensor surfaces of the elbows or fingers. A poorer prognosis is likely for patients who experienced onset at an early age and who have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and high levels of rheumatoid factor and swelling of more than 20 joints."
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Prostate and Ultrasound, 1994.
A description of the male pelvic cavity organ, including development and problems and use of ultrasound in examination and diagnosis.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The Prostate and Ultrasound
The prostate is a heterogenous organ located within the pelvic cavity anterior to the rectum. It consists of both glandular and fibrous components, all of which are enclosed by a common capsule. In recent decades, the development of transrectal ultrasonography has provided an effective tool for prostate examination. The technique delineates normal intraprostatic anatomy and is also useful for the detection of both benign and neoplastic prostate disease.
The embryologic development of the prostate is highly dependent on androgenic hormones. The organ begins to form at about the eleventh week of gestation (7:33-34). Stimulated by testosterone, multiple solid outgrowths emerge from the urethral epithelium about the entrance of the mesonephric ducts. These..."
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Gouty Arthritis, 2005.
This paper discusses that there are two approaches to the etiology of gouty arthritis: Orthopedic (PMR) and Renal.
3,925 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Orthopedic approach states that gouty arthritis is a systemic inflammatory illness (PMR), which is a synovitis of the large proximal joints, although more distal joints also can be involved. The author points out that, in the Orthopedic approach, physical therapy is useful because patients' residual "stiffness" is more often mechanical rather than inflammatory in nature. The paper relates that the Renal approach states that an excess of uric acid in the body causes gout; this excess can be caused by an increase in production by the body, by under-eliminating of uric acid by the kidneys or by increased intake of foods containing purines that are metabolized to uric acid in the body.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Thesis of the Investigation
The Onset of Gout and a Brief Glimpse at the History of the Disease
A Brief History of Gouty Arthritis from the Viewpoint of Orthopedics
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Some Treatments
Alternative Treatment
The Other Side of the Gouty Arthritis Argument
What is Gout or Gouty Arthritis?
This Group's Causes for the Disease
What are the Symptoms of Gout from their Viewpoint?
How is Gouty Arthritis Diagnosed?
Gout and Hyperuricemia
Risk Factors for Gouty Arthritis
Conditions and Concerns in the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis
With Knowledge of Both Sides of the Issue, What One Can Do?
From the Paper
"Bruce first described polymyalgia rheumatica in 1888 when he reported on five senior patients with a proximal muscular syndrome that he called "senile rheumatic gout." The syndrome next appeared under the name "humeroscapular periathrosis," in 1945 and later as "anarthritic rheumatoid arthritis." Bagratuni coined this latter term because he felt that such patients had a forme fruste of rheumatoid arthritis. Two of the 50 patients he reported went on to develop rheumatoid arthritis and 8 others had transient swelling of various joints. He felt that the term anarthritic rheumatoid arthritis was more appropriate than polymyalgia rheumatica coined by Barber in 1957. Finally, Healey has furthered the concept of PMR as a systemic articular disease by describing variant forms of PMR that he calls benign synovitis."
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Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2005.
This paper discusses the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially as related to the elderly.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial joints and virtually every tissue in the body joints and other tissues; it can affect persons of all ages. The author points out that treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demands a multidisciplinary approach that includes pharmacological control of inflammation; combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs), which provide the basis for treatment; physical therapies, including general and specific exercises; educational programs; and psychological counseling. The paper relates that, especially for older patients, weight-bearing activities increase bone strength so that, in the case of a fall, there will be less likely to have a fracture.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Patient Perceptions
Surgeries Available
Exercise and Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Physical activity and exercise is definitely a factor that can contribute to positive aging in general and RA prevention in particular, and has been researched methodically and thoroughly. Many researchers have focused on the mental and physical benefits that activity can bring to the elderly, who may be able to stave off physical deterioration by
engaging in an active lifestyle that highlights exercise and fitness. Although some studies have gone so far as to set the minimum time and intensity for physical activity, most agree that in terms of exercise, anything is better than nothing. "Updated ACR guidelines on the management of RA recommend that an optimal treatment strategy include physical therapy and regular participation in dynamic and aerobic exercise programs in addition to pharmacologic interventions."
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C-Reactive Proteins, 2004.
An analysis of C-reactive proteins as a marker for heart disease.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper defines c-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase plasma protein that responds to inflammatory conditions by binding to damaged cells and activating complement, increasing proportionately to inflammatory stimuli. It explains that CRP as an indicator of heart disease risk or onset of myocardial infarction could be valuable in terms of early detection and potential future use of CRP inhibitors for therapeutic value. This paper also shows that evaluation, on an individual basis, for the serum testing of CRP should be based on findings from the physical exam and medical history to determine the true nature of CRP elevations, with positive implications for disease prevention and treatment.
From the Paper
"Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Western World, killing approximately 17 million people per year. It can take the form of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, or rheumatic heart disease. Risk factors include old age, smoking, obesity, heredity, race, physical inactivity, hyperlipidemia, poor diet, high blood pressure, increased alcohol consumption, diabetes, and stress. The medical history would consider these risk factors, with a physical exam noting the patient?s condition relative to the presented risk factors. Combined, these elements could warrant further testing to diagnostically determine the patient?s risk or development of heart disease, its stage, and characterization."
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Conjunctivitis, 2005.
An overview of the definition, diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term conjunctivitis refers to any inflammatory condition of the membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the sclera, and is the most common cause of "red eye" or "pink eye". It looks at the different types from viral to bacterial and discusses FDA approved treatments.
From the Paper
"The conjunctiva is a thin, translucent, relatively elastic tissue layer with both bulbar and palpebral portions, the bulbar portion fines the outer aspect of the globe, while the palpebral covers the inside of the eyelids, and underneath the conjunctiva lie the episclera, the sclera and the uveal tissue layers (Abbott pp). The conjunctiva firmly adheres to the sclera at the limbus, where it meets the cornea, and the accessory lacrimal glands, along with goblet cells, are contained within the conjunctiva and are responsible for keeping the eye lubricated (Silverman pp). "As with any mucous membrane, infectious agents may adhere to the conjunctiva, thus overwhelming normal defense mechanisms and producing clinical symptoms of redness, discharge, irritation, and possibly photophobia" (Silverman pp). "
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Aloe: The Endless Medicine, 2005.
Examines the medicinal benefits of the aloe vera plant.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
Aloe gel is perhaps the most widely recognized herbal remedy in the United States today, used to relieve thermal burn and sunburn, promote wound healing and moisturize and soften skin. Everyone who uses it seems convinced that it works and its millennia of use for the same conditions support that assumption. The paper shows that, in addition, recent research suggests that aloe gel can help stimulate the body's immune system. However, the way aloe works is not yet fully understood. The paper presents an overview of this fascinating plant.
Paper Outline:
Background
Antiseptic
Anti-Inflammatory
Anti-viral, Anti-bacterial
Whole-Leaf Aloe Concentrate
Aloe as Laxative
Using Aloe
Growing Aloe Vera
Grow and Heal
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Aloe vera linne or Aloe Barbadensis Miller is a succulent from the Aloe family (400 different species !) with its origin in the African continent. Its thick leaves contain the water supply for the plant to survive long periods of drought. These leaves have a high capacity of retaining the water also in very warm and dry climates and therefore this plant can survive very harsh circumstances where most other vegetation disappears."
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2007.
This paper discusses the tissue disease of systemic lupus erythematosus.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is also simply called lupus. The writer explains that this is an inflammatory connective tissue disease which is manifested in variable signs and symptoms. The writer notes that this condition may affect multiple organ systems with immune complexes and a large array of auto antibodies, particularly antinuclear antibodies. Further, the writer points out that there are also genetic factors that play a role in the development and expression of SLE and environmental factors may also trigger the disease in genetically susceptible hosts.
From the Paper
"The cause of SLE is still unknown. This is an immunologic disorder with the production of auto antibodies. There are different triggering factors of this disease which includes sunlight exposure. Specific medications could also trigger SLE. They initiate immune response in individuals who are susceptible to develop SLE. The two most common of these are Hydralazine and Procainamide. Some anticonvulsants, antiemetics, antituberculars and antibiotics could be among those that trigger this disease."
"The pathophysiology of this disease is not completely known. Studies show that the production of abnormal antibodies by B cells remains the hallmark sign of lupus erythematosus. Such auto antibodies like anti double-stranded DNA and anti-Smith, are very specific for systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-RNP, anti-Rho and anti-La, are also present in other autoimmune diseases. Whether the B cells themselves are intrinsically abnormal is a subject of current research. One of the underlying deficiencies in SLE may be emphasized on apoptosis, or programmed cell death; cellular antigens exposed during apoptosis incite an immune response."
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Ovarian Cancer.
This paper discusses ovarian cancer, the disease caused by the rapid growth and division of cancerous cells within one or both ovaries.
3,180 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ovarian cancer is the 'Silent Killer' because, 70 to 75% of the time, by the time the cancer is discovered, it has spread to other areas of the body, especially into the abdomen. By then, it is too late to hope for a recovery. The author points out that abdominal swelling, abdominal or pelvic pain, and a feeling of fullness are some of the symptoms of ovarian cancer, which are common symptoms to many other disorders; therefore, doctors, presented with these symptoms immediately should perform a pelvic and recto-vaginal examination, order some blood tests including CA125, and order a transvaginal ultrasound examination. The paper relates that, although the direct cause of ovarian cancer is not known, some of the major risk factors are family history and breast cancer at an early age; other factors are menopause, obesity, early menarche, late first pregnancy, the use of clomiphene citrate to encourage pregnancy, and infertility.
From the Paper
"Sometimes it so happens that the cancerous cells break away from the original tumor and end up in another entirely different part of the body. This process is known as 'metastasis'. Many different kinds of tumors can be formed within the ovaries of a woman, in fact more than thirty known types. However, ovarian cancers are generally divided into three main categories, according to the type of cells that formed them, which are epithelial cancers, that are the most common form of ovarian cancers, and which are formed from the various cells that line or cover the ovaries. The second broad category of ovarian cancer is the germ cell cancer, which in other words means that this cancer starts from germ cells within the ovaries."
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Appendicular Skeleton, 2004.
Describes the components of the appendicular skeleton.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the components of the appendicular skeleton - the pelvic, girdle, pectoral girdle, and limbs. It discusses differences in structure between the pectoral and pelvic girdle and how these relate to function.
From the Paper
"The appendicular skeleton consists of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs. It comprises bones four in the pectoral girdle, the scapula and the clavicles in the upper limbs, humerus radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges, two in the pelvic girdle, os coxae, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges. The major function of the pectoral girdle is flexibility and the major function of the pelvic girdle is stability. Functional differences between the two pairs of limbs in humans is..."
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C-Reactive Protein, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the article 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein' by P. Dandona.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Dandona's article entitled 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein', centers on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The writer discusses that insulin resistance in type 2 DM predisposes patients to develop cardiovascular disease, and has the associated risk factors for atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. The writer notes that higher CRP concentrations are found in patients with type 2 DM and Dandona theorizes that reducing these concentrations could have clinical benefit. As glucose and lipid levels are also often elevated in type 2 DM patients, an agent that affects all three of these would be beneficial to patients. The writer maintains that Dandona's article is a retrospective exploration of literature on antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agents which reduce these factors.
Outline:
Abstract
From the Paper
"The complex metabolic disorder that is type 2 DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In addition, due to the patient's insulin resistance, due to impaired insulation secretion and/or insulin action, there is also disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This predisposes the patient to the development of cardiovascular disease, due to the proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. As Dandona notes, an elevated CRP concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular events, in fact, it is a far better indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) even amongst healthy people. Although previous research indicates that CRP does not initiate atherosclerosis, but instead progresses the disease, the fact that CRP inhibits nitric oxide production suggests that it also has a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis as well."
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