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The Peloponnesian and the Falklands Wars, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the Peloponnesian War and the Falklands War.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that the primary similarity between the Peloponnesian War and the Falklands War is that both wars pitted a maritime power against a land power. The author points out that the primary difference is that the ancient land power Sparta defeated the ancient maritime power Athens; whereas, the modern land power Argentina was defeated by the modern maritime power Great Britain. The paper relates that the Peloponnesian War was the first conflict in human history in which the fighting was witnessed and written about by a true historian.
From the Paper
"Examining the respective causes, strategies, and outcomes of the Peloponnesian War and the Falklands War reveals interesting similarities and differences between these two conflicts. The primary similarity is that both wars pitted a maritime power against a land power, while the primary difference is that the ancient land power, Sparta, defeated the ancient maritime power Athens; while the modern land power, Argentina, was defeated by the modern maritime power, Great Britain. The Peloponnesian War was the first conflict in human history in which the fighting was witnessed and written about by a true historian."
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The Peloponnesian Wars, 2000.
The following essay discusses The Peloponnesian Wars exploring the ways in which Athenian growth lead inevitably to its war with Sparta.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ignorance people have had with regards to remembering the Peloponnesian Wars as a major historical event which took place between 431 and 404 b.c. and was fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta. This paper retells the story and accounts of the war.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the outcome of the war it is important to understand the nature of the alliances headed by these two city-states. The Athenian alliance might be better described as an empire, for it included most of the island along with the coastal states around the northern and eastern shores of the Aegean Sea. Sparta was no weak opponent, however, for it was the leader of an alliance of independent states that included most of the major land powers Central Greece along with the Peloponnese, joined with the might of the great sea power Corinth."
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Thucydides' Peloponnesian War, 2006.
This paper analyzes Greek history in 'The History of the Peloponnesian War' by Thucydides.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the historical non-bias of the Greek historian Thucydides is represented in his classical work: 'The History of the Peloponnesian War'. The writer points out that by defining the nature of the Athenian Constitution and the democratic principles that are within state policy, Thucydides often presents the failure of this form of government under Pericles. The writer further notes that the reality of the history presented in this form of early history provides a foundation for non-bias, which helps one to realize how both sides of the war are depicted during the Peloponnesian War.
From the Paper
"The aim of this historical study is to analyze the non-biased account of Greek history within 'The History of the Peloponnesian War' by Thucydides. By realizing the immoral and often unnecessary sense of violence that one Greek would impart another during this conflict, Thucydides attempts to bring to light his disagreement with the war through a Constitutional premise. However, Thucydides does not choose a single side to agree or disagree with through his non-biased account of the war between the Peloponnesian League and The Delian League during this conflict."
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Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War, 2006.
An analysis of Thucydides account of the Peloponnesian War, focusing primarily on whether the account is historically accurate.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Thucydides and his account of the Peloponnesian War. The paper considers the historical accuracy of this account and examines the behavior of the Athenians at that time. Secondary sources are used to verify the accuracy of Thucydides' account.
From the Paper
"Thucydides provides probably the most reliable account of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides was born around 460 B.C. in the city state known as Athens. He participated in the Peloponnesian War and ultimately provided the best historical account of the War and the eventual defeat of Athens. Why is Thucydides' account considered so reliable? The answer is because Thucydides was well known for his historical accuracy and his strong aversion to myth. This means that Thucydides provided a factual account of the political, economic, social and military factors and events in the Peloponnesian War."
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Prisoners and the Peloponnesian War, 2006.
An analysis of the treatment of prisoners during the Peloponnesian War and the morality of the ancient Greeks.
3,034 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the treatment of prisoners of war and civilians during the Peloponnesian War cannot be considered a fair measure of the Greek (and especially Athenian) ideals of justice and morality. It discusses how the treatment by the Athenians of defeated enemies, allies and citizens of neutral states can be considered unworthy of the enlightened ideals that have characterized the best in Hellenic civilization down through the ages.
From the Paper
"Treating prisoners of war badly is a moral issue because it involves the universally recognized wrong of harming people who are at your mercy and really have no way to protect themselves from whatever you choose to do to them. The ancient Greeks were keenly aware that this was not right (immoral). The fifth-century Athenians were particularly sensitive to the issue because of the origins of their democracy. Their great lawgiver, Solon, was chosen by both the common people and the nobility to reform the state, which was in disarray because of struggles between the two groups. His reforms protected the weaker majority from the powerful, propertied minority and created constitutional mechanisms to make the state serve the needs of all classes. He set up representative bodies where all freemen could play a role in devising and passing the laws that affected the political, social, and economic life of Athens--and their lives. "
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The Peloponnesian War, 2005.
A discussion on whether it was the Athenians or the Spartans that caused the Peloponnesian War (431 - 404).
1,231 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insightful review and analysis of the major events leading up to the Peloponnesian War. It also compares the Spartan and Athenian ways of life and determines if war was inevitable.
From the Paper
"Epidamnus was the catalyst for the war. Epidamnus sought aid from Corinth in a rebellion against Corcyra. A civil war broke out between the democrats and the oligarchs in Epidamnus. Epidamnian democrats appealed to Corcyra for aid and were refused. The oligarchy which ruled Corcyra was sympathetic to Sparta but there was a considerable democratic element which favored joining the Athenian empire. Delphi oracle advised Epidamnus to seek Corinthian aid. Corinth sent aid because Corcyra represented a threat to Corinthian commercial interests. Corcyra demanded that Corinthian's cease aid to Epidamnus, Corinth refused. Corcyra attacked Epidamnus, Corinth prepared to attack Corcyra. "
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The Peloponnesian War, 2006.
A historical review of the Peloponnesian War and its lasting implications.
1,678 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and evaluates the Peloponnesian War through an examination of the individuals involved in the war, the circumstances surrounding the war, the culture of the time and the legend of the war.
From the Paper
"Although Athens was on a course of reconstruction and economic development the between Sparta and Athens began to deteriorate. In a rather small war between Corcyra (supported by Sparta) and Corinth (supported by Athens), Athens became subjected to a Spartan siege or a participant in the great Peloponnesian War or wars from 431BC to 404BC. Not only was Athens under continual attack from Sparta but also in 430BC Athens was beset with a plague that lasted several years and consumed almost 25% of the Athenian population. However, even with the plague Sparta was unable to pierce the defensive walls of Athens that linked Athens to Piraeus and as such foodstuffs managed to be brought into the beleaguered city Warner, 1954). As a sidebar note, and absent of any recorded historical evidence, the plague that nearly crushed Athens was thought to be the work of the Spartans - by catapulting their own plague afflicted soldiers over the walls into Athens. In an attempt to rid their city-state area of Spartans Athens sent an enormous army of soldiers (415BC) against the Spartans. As a direct loss of the in the battlefield Athens suffered political uncertainty and in 411BC democracy was officially dismantled and the system was replaced by a council of 400 men who attempted to assert control over all Athens."
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The Peloponnesian War, 2006.
An overview of the Peloponnesian War, the battles fought, the victories won and the turning point of the war.
1,564 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at one of the greatest wars fought in the history of Greece, the Peloponnesian War. The paper explains that while both the opposing sides, the Athenians and the Spartans, controlled a great deal of land and sea power there were actually rather few direct confrontations and this lack of direct confrontations made the battle of Amphipolis all the more important as well as a turning point in the war. The paper explains the significance of this battle by looking at how the war had progressed up to the point of the battle of Amphipolis, by examining the military strength of the warring Athenian and Spartan factions and by explaining the history of the Amphipolis war and the circumstances that made it so devastating.
From the Paper
"The first major explanation for the battle of Amphilpolis's importance as a turning point is the loss of military leaders during its battle. When Cleon, the commanding general of the Athenian land forces marshaled a massive army outside of Amphilpolis to reclaim the city, Brasida also amassed a large army of almost 2000 hoplites and 300 cavalry inside the walls of Amphipolis. When the battle appeared imminent however, Brasida confused Cleon by withdrawing from battle and refusing to fight on the fields outside of Amphipolis. Thinking that the army of Sparta would not come out to fight, Cleon began to withdraw his troops, only then did Brasida storm out of the walls and attack the hapless soldiers of Cleon. In this attack Cleon was killed by one of the commanders of the Spartan forces and in its escape more than 700 Athenians were killed by the onslaught. This resounding defeat was devastating in its numerical loss because the main force of the Athenian army was devastated, but even worse; the most competent general of the Athenian military staff was also killed."
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The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), 2008.
This paper looks at the war between Athens and Sparta in 431-404 BC, known as the Peloponnesian War.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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The paper discusses the the work of Thucydides in writing the history of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), a struggle between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies. The paper looks at the various stages of the war and their results. The paper also examines the type of society in Sparta and Athens and their different cultures.
From the Paper
"Thucydides lived c.460 c.400 BC and was an Athenian. He is considered by many to be the greatest of the ancient Greek historians, and his work had a profound influence on the development of historical writing. Although he was a relative of the great soldier and statesman Cimon, Thucydides was also an admirer of Cimon's political opponent, Pericles. He served as a general in 424 but was banished from Athens in that same year for his failure to protect Amphipolis from the Spartans. He returned from exile after the war ended in 404. Thucydides began writing his History of the Peloponnesian War in 431 when the great war broke out. In some ways, he was as much a journalist as a historian."
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"History of the Wars" ( Procopius ) & "Peloponnesian War" ( Thucydides ), 1999.
Compares selected chapters to show similarities of style, content, reliability, focusing on depiction of a plague.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"A comparison of Book II, chapters xxii and xxiii of Procopius' History of the Wars with Book II, chapter v of Thucydides' Peloponnesian War demonstrates the influence the classical historian had on the Byzantine writer. The episodes of plague that attacked Athens and Byzantium are constructed in nearly identical fashion. Both provide extensive descriptions of the course of the disease: its geographic origins, symptoms, variations, and effects. Both establish themselves as eyewitnesses to most of the things they report. And both writers reflect on topics such as the futile efforts of the physicians and the effect of the plague on general morality, but leave it to others to explain the reasons why the terrible disease arose in the first place. Thucydides' account clearly provided a model for Procopius. But the resemblance between the two historians is.."
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Peloponnesian War Strategy of Pericles and Cleon, 2005.
Compares the war strategies of two ancient Greeks, Pericles and Cleon.
2,294 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the opposing strategies of two major figures of Athenian history, Pericles and Cleon, during the Peloponnesian War. The paper also deals with strategic options that were possibly overlooked and why that might have happened.
From the Paper
"Prior to the Peloponnesian War, Pericles of Athens developed a net assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of Athens and of his opponent. The antithesis of Pericle's defensive strategy was that Cleon's hawkish nature of war plunged Athens into further conflict. Ultimately, a study of each strategy reveals that Pericles and Cleon were not completely different, but actually had some similarities. What they did both have in common were strategic opportunities that were available but not taken."
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The Peloponnesian War: The Defeat of Athens, 2004.
A discussion of whether the Athenian Sicilian Campaign of 415 to 413 B.C. was a good idea, badly executed, or a bad idea.
2,536 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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This paper examines how the military force that the Athenians fielded in the Sicilian Campaign was unprecedented in the Peloponnesian War. It attempts to determine why it was it utterly defeated. It looks at how a series of failures of command from the political and military leadership exacerbated the likely failure of the campaign. It also explores how the end result was a greatly weakened Athens, how there were numerous defections from the Delian League, and how the myth of Athenian invincibility on the seas was shattered.
Outline
Introduction
Discussion
Hubris Within Athens
Hubris Within the Expedition
The Athenian Failures of Command
Counterpoint
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The war-time footing on which the Athenians found themselves was difficult for them to maintain. The destruction of their lands and homes outside of the walls of Athens, the plague, and gradual breakdown of the structure of Athenian society led a shift away from Pericles? strategy for victory and away from the unity of purpose and common good within Athens and towards private ambition and gain. By the Melian dialogue, a year or so before the Sicilian Campaign, the Athenians had given up Pericles? conservative approach and limited war aim, the defeat of Sparta, when an Athenian acknowledged that of gods and men, ?by a necessary law of their nature they rule wherever they can.? Though not universal, by 415 B.C., the dominant theme among Athenians was the overbearing belief in their abilities and the growth of the empire."
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Why Were the Athenians and Peloponnesians Engaged in Conflict 460-404?, 2001.
An essay on the causes of the Peloponnesian War, and the reasons for its longevity.
2,220 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the causes of the Peloponnesian War, and the nature in which it took place. It discusses Thucydides' view that the underlying reason for the war was Spartan fear of Athens, as well as the more immediate factors. Finally, it examines how the structure of the Athenian and Spartan states gave the war its longevity, which only ended when an external power, Persia, became involved.
From the Paper
"By 460 Athens, primarily through her navy, had risen to the status of a great power. Her dominance of the Delian League had led to an empire; this generated enough wealth to rebuild her home city which had been destroyed by the Persians in 479. Sparta, by contrast, had been reduced in status; previously the major power in Greece, her lack of a navy had led to Athens' leadership of the Delian League, and now erupted a great rivalry between the two powers. However, there were many restrictions upon both sides on the terms at which they could go to war, and these restrictions, alongside many other factors, would influence the indecisive and prolonged nature of their conflicts over the next half a century. The main source for this period is Thucydides; his reliability, although questioned, is far superior to other contemporary sources, and the huge amount of critical analysis done on his history is a compliment rather than a criticism of his work, as by providing such a detailed and political account he is alone in allowing such debate. Thus, he shapes our analysis of the outbreak of war. For example, what he calls the Peloponnesian War is the period from 431-404, which excludes the previous thirty years of conflict, a period which he treats with lesser detail. As to the outbreak of war, he gives a long account of the events leading up to the war of 431, and to an extent he implies which ones were of greater consequence. However, he qualifies this: 'the real reason for the war is, in my opinion, most likely to be disguised by such an argument. What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta' ."
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A Path to Greatness: Alexander the Great, 2002.
The conquests and strategies of Alexander the Great after the fall of Sparta and Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian Wars.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 49.95
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This paper deals with the politics and reasons of Alexander the Greats? conquests. The author covers the effects on the conquered population, major clashes and military structuring during his conquests.
From the Paper:
"With the conclusion of the Peloponnesian War, Greek city-states never forgot that they were Greeks. But the Spartans, Athenians Thebans, and others were weakened to the point where Phillip II of Macedonia could influence them from the north. In the wake of their brutal civil war between the Greeks, their fierce, contentious independence made the Macedonian?s the unlikely conqueror to the Greeks, who were caught off guard. Phillip II set himself up as a protector of Greece . He had formed the cities into a league that in light of the Greek?s disregard for conquest. This action served to help Phillip II?s son Alexander to put together the biggest empire yet."
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The Greco-Persian War 499-479 BCE, 2006.
A review of the impact of Persian influences on Greek thought and culture.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Persian influences on Greek thought and culture from the Greco-Persian Wars (499-479 BCE). According to the paper, in the late summer of 428, during the height of the Second Peloponnesian War, the beleaguered citizens of Mytilen importuned the Lacedaemonians for aid to repulse the immanent blockade and invasion of the dreaded Athenian fleet. Although the Delian League led by Athens and its brutally subjugated city states had liberated the Aegean and Ionian Greeks from Persian hegemony.
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