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Peace and Conflict, 2007.
This paper questions if humanity can survive the 21st century and beyond.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that it has become more important than ever to understand concepts such as "peace," "conflict," "war" and "order" and how these concepts are created or sustained. The paper demonstrates how these issues have assumed new relevance and importance today as many regions of the world continue to be wracked by ethnic-inspired conflicts, violations of human rights and genocide. The paper discusses the benefits of potential research on how to promote and sustain economic and social growth without provoking conflict, thus allowing the citizens of the world to experience both peace and prosperity in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Guiding Research Questions
Methodology
Potential Contributions of Research
From the Paper
"Consequently, some nations will use conflict as a method of eliminating these externalities by either confiscating part of the resources of a belligerent country so that the excess is minimized or, as was recently used by U.S-led coalition forces in Iraq, by modifying the political structure of the adversary, thereby achieving the same fundamental objective. Indeed, the violent furor witnessed recently over the publication of religious cartoon by a Danish newspaper is proof positive that the world is an uneasy and increasingly dangerous place where conflict and war can erupt over fundamental differences in worldviews that will simply not go away any time soon. Taken together, then, these issues have assumed critical global importance, and may in fact represent the most pressing issues facing mankind today."
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Peace Paradigm And The Kashmir Conflict, 2004.
An overview of the conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region and suggests methods for reconciliation. The paper looks at history relevant to the conflict, its origins and causes.
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Obnoxious Negative Peace or Substantive and Positive Peace, 2005.
A look at two different perspectives of peace as understood and expressed by Martin Luther King.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses obnoxious negative peace and substantive positive peace. These terms are found in a letter by Martin Luther King, Jr. expressing his opinion on direct action. Martin Luther King believed it was important to fight for substantive and positive peace for African Americans and it is important for Americans to continue to fight the battle for substantive and positive peace not only in America but throughout the world.
From the Paper
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere" (King 1963). What does this quotation mean? What is the difference obnoxious negative peace and substantive and positive peace? Why are these important today? These were important terms for Martin Luther King and they are important terms today. Martin Luther King believed that whatever affects one person actually affects every one else (King 1963). Many people living during the lifetime of Martin Luther King was willing to close their eyes to the violence and terrorism happening to African Americans. They believed that African Americans were wrong in taking a stand toward wanting their independence. Martin Luther King believed it was important to fight for substantive and positive peace for African Americans and it is important for Americans to continue to fight the battle for substantive and positive peace not only in America but throughout the world."
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"No Justice, No Peace", 2002.
An overview of David Rapaport's "No Justice, No Peace" on the 1996 OPSEU labor conflict in Ontario and comparison to the 2002 OPSEU strike .
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper is a detailed review of David Rapaport's (1999) "No Justice, No Peace", focusing on the 1996 OPSEU labor conflict in Ontario. The review addresses issues of labor-management relations with regards to the strike and Rapaport's account of this event. The second part of this essay discusses the 2002 OPSEU strike and compares the two union actions for similarities and differences.
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Training for Peace Keeping, 2008.
A look at some of the training required to undertake peace and humanitarian operations.
3,695 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
Terrorism has become embedded in almost everyone's vocabulary, it is one of those terms, that not everyone knows what it means, but it seems to be surrounded with negative connotations. However, it is not surprising that terrorism is sometimes abetted with state sponsorship and is supported by many governments whether intrinsically or extrinsically. As such international peace-keeping efforts have to change focus and address these internal dynamics. This paper explores some of the necessary mandates that are needed by personnel dealing with these issues.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Basic Communication, Conflict Resolution, & Negotiation
Communication: The Essential Element of a Successful Training Program in a Peace-Keeping Environment
Conflict Resolution & Negotiation in a Peace Keeping Environment
Techniques of Motivation in a Diverse Peace-Keeping Environment
Individual Decision-Making and Group Behavior
Leadership Training For Supervisors in these Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Conflict resolution and peace keeping has been an issue of controversy for many years. However, with the proper training mechanism and structure, then peace and humanitarian operations can be the champions of a successful organizational initiative. It is therefore imperative that there be a comprehensive discourse embedded in the training structure for these operations that can analyze elements of the foreign conflict resolution and negotiation strategies. The connection between an effective training program or structure with the overall success of conflict resolution and negotiations will depend primarily on how well the program identifies the necessary political, economic, and cultural realms that have been affected by the dimensions of the operations. Overall, it is clear that conflict resolution and negotiation policy training is reactive and preventative, since it would be devised to counter, and to prohibit actions that were seen as harmful to the peace initiatives."
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The Peace Paradigm, 2004.
A discussion of the peace paradigm and its approach to obtaining peace.
4,520 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the peace paradigm in terms of realism, power, conflict resolution, and social change. The paper explains the role of a paradigm, outlines the peace paradigm strategies used to obtain peace and presents a definition of power. Gives specific examples.
From the Paper
"One of the approaches to the peace paradigm is through the study of the role played in obtaining peace through the exercise of power and coercive tactics. According to Lynn-Jones realism is usually regarded as a dominant and somewhat monolithic approach in the study of international relations. Within the realist approach there are divisions between offensive and defensive realism. Offensive realists argue that the international system tends to foster conflict and aggression, that security is scarce and international competition and war..."
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Ireland: A Futile Search for Peace, 2004.
A comprehensive history of the Irish-English conflict and a reflection of what the future holds.
3,212 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The history of the Irish struggle for independence from British rule is a very violent one in which countless people on both sides died. It is also an extremely complicated struggle that appears to have two different interpretations. This paper shows that one of these interpretations argues that the Irish conflict is not over independence from the British, but is an ethnic civil war between Ireland's Protestants and its Catholics. As they make arguments that are in favor of this interpretation, several British governments have claimed that the British presence in Ireland is essential for peace, security, and order. The paper shows that the second interpretation argues that the Irish conflict is a war of independence over British domination, with only a minority of Irish Protestants opposing that independence and supporting a British presence. The paper shows, however, that the reality is simpler. Even though Britain has attempted to violently colonize Ireland for 900 years, the majority of the Irish people reject the British presence in their country. A long history of failing peace agreements illustrates that the Irish will not settle for anything less than full independence in exchange for peace. The refusal of the Irish people to compromise over the issue of complete independence and sovereignty has led to the collapse of several peace treaties and appears to be presently threatening the Good Friday Agreement, which once held such great promise for peace.
From the Paper
"The fact that the Irish people will not settle for any peace treaty that compromises the issue of complete sovereignty is supported by a review of 900 years of Irish struggle in which the citizens showed that they were willing to sacrifice their own lives, without a thought, for the future of their country, and their complete rejection of several peace treaties, with the most significant being the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. The evidence of history definitely points towards the failure of Good Friday if it attempts to compromise over sovereignty and independence, or delay them any further. However, given Britain's justified concern over the future of the Protestant Irish and the possibility of ethnic persecution, it is very likely that there will be delays until the British are satisfied that the Irish people have resolved their inner conflicts and can work together as one people and citizens of one country."
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Poetry of Peace and Pain, 2001.
A look at the writing of poetry as a way of turning pain into peace and hope.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at people who have turned trauma and pain into a positive experience. It discusses the work of Mairead Corrigan Maguire who organised peaceful demonstrations in N.Ireland, wrote poetry that inspired millions and through her efforts to develop a "politics of mercy and forgiveness," won a Nobel Peace prize. The author goes on to discuss the wording of Martin Jordan?s poem ?The changes in our lives?.
From the paper:
" Everyone wants peace in his or her everyday live. Sometimes peace is hard to come by for some people. However, Some individuals react to their pain in a positive way. For example, Irish writers Mairead Maguire and Martin Jordan write poetry about peace due the tragedies for the world and in their lives. So, in Misread Maguire?s ?The Vision of Peace? and Martin Jordan?s ?the changes in our lives? the main goal is to remind everyone that there should be peace all over of the world despite all of the pain we encounter."
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Woodrow Wilson?s 14 Points and the Women's Peace Movement, 2003.
A comparative analysis of the principles of Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points and the resolutions of the Women?s Peace Movement.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, in 1915, The Hague convention represented women from 22 different countries with the main focus of achieving peace. It examines how this process for peace was deemed feasible by a series of resolutions established by the Women?s Peace Congress and how these resolutions focused on many key ideas that the Women?s Peace Congress believed could create world peace. It demonstrates the irony of President Woodrow Wilson's refusal to lead the international mediation and how many of the principles established at the Women?s Peace Congress in The Hague, were echoed with the publication of Woodrow Wilson?s 14 Points, which earned him much international praise, three years later.
From the Paper
"The principle for autonomy of nations is demonstrated in both the 14 points and the Resolutions adopted at Hague as well. The Women?s Peace Congress was much broader as they simply stated, ?autonomy and a democratic parliament should not be refused to any people (Addams, 3).? Wilson singled out the exact countries, ?the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development.? Wilson also requested the autonomy of the peoples of Austria Hungary, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Poland. The Women?s Peace Congress simply expressed the belief that countries should be allowed autonomy, while Wilson?s 14 Points rather put them into play in the specific nations that he felt were most important."
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UN and Peace Maintenance, 2005.
Questions whether the UN has been successful in establishing and maintaining international peace and security. Uses examples of Rwanda and Iraq.
3,254 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper argues that the United Nations, although having achieved minor accomplishments in the area of maintenance of peace and security, can, generally speaking, not be considered a successful international organization. Instead, the United Nations has failed on a number of times throughout the past to maintain international peace and security. These failures were in situations where peace and security were reasonable outcomes. So, therefore, the UN is obviously not working to the best of its ability. To argue this point, the paper begins with an extensive analysis of the United Nations and its failures in the maintenance of international peace and security through two specific case studies, Rwanda, and most recently, Iraq. It then discusses the limited successes of the UN and examines the possible reasons for its overall failure to address the maintenance of international peace and security adequately and consistently. Finally, the writer briefly proposes possible reforms that the UN could adopt in order for the organization to operate more effectively in the international environment.
From the Paper
"The UN has many areas in which it could improve through reform. Due to the limited word count, I have chosen to not discuss this topic in too much depth. The areas of reform seem obvious from the problems I have mentioned previously. For the UN to succeed, the world community must match the demands made on the organisation by the resources given to it . Strong and sustained political support from Member States , rapid deployments of all peacekeeping and peacemaking troops with a robust force posture and sound peace-building strategies are all necessary in improving the UN. There have been a number of attempts at addressing the issue of reform. These include the Brahimi report, which was commissioned by the UN Secretary General to address the past weaknesses and failures of the UN with regard to peace and security and An Agenda for Peace, written by Boutros Boutros Ghali, the former Secretary General. Both reports recognised problems with the UN?s capacity to maintain world peace but many of the recommendations that were suggested were not implemented. In order for the UN to be successful in maintaining international peace and security, reforms have to not only be recognised, but also implemented."
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Wilson's Ability in Maintaining Peace, 2004.
A look at whether Woodrow Wilson possessed the will to maintain peace after WWI.
3,992 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
Woodrow Wilson did not possess the will to maintain peace after the Great War. The writer asserts that there were three ways in which Wilson contributed to the build-up of tensions before WWII. First was Wilson?s failure in responding to the members of the Peace Accords in relation to the redrawing of German boundaries; his influence in tearing away predominantly German areas resulted in the planting of seeds for future war. The second reason that Wilson could not maintain peace was his inability to remove himself from partisan politics in America. The third reason was in relation to Wilson's "Fourteen Points", more specifically, the point of ?self-determination.? Close examination of these three points shows why Wilson is partly responsible for WWII.
From the Paper
"The Great War was a war of attrition. Many brave men on all both sides of the conflict, Axis and Allied Powers, met their fate fighting for their homelands during the years of 1914-1918. Never before had the world seen such a horrid war fought in the grand scope and magnitude of nations versus nations. Great sacrifices were made in part to the loss of human life through mechanization of artillery to the inception of chemical warfare. (Would such a tragic lesson be reason enough for peace among sovereigns?) Unfortunately, the peace was not afforded to the constituents of the Paris conference, nor those that threw away their lives in the second war that shortly followed in 1939. While there were many causes for the Second World War, it would be a herculean effort to name and attribute them all. A few of the major causes included the onset of war reparations since repayment would be next to impossible for the Germans to meet in the allotted time. Secondly were the sanctions imposed upon the size of the German military which was considered a measure of further alienation, and thirdly were territorial settlement disputes. All three factors were great causes that angered the Nazis to disregard the Peace Accords in the early 1930?s with Hitler?s rise to power."
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Kant's "Perpetual Peace", 2004.
This paper discusses Kant's "Perpetual Peace" and war.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Kant states that a republican constitution, which by definition must be representative of a republic and the people existing within, must ultimately be concerned with the concept of perpetual peace; and, when a republican constitution is utilized, it must follow that, in order for war to be declared, the citizens of a nation must consent to this war. The author points out that Kant also argues in this passage however that the ?ultimate evil? of war is that it may not allow for peace at any point, because further war is spurned as a result of the debt that is often incurred from the act of war itself. The author believes that Kant?s argument should have been that the adoption of a republican constitution facilitates more motivation and tendency within a country toward perpetual peace and makes it more difficult to engage in war on a continuous basis without direct approval of the citizenry.
From the Paper
"The non-republican constitution thus thwarts all efforts toward perpetual peace. Perhaps here Kant is observing the frequency of war that is declared in nations and countries ruled by someone considered the nations ?owner?. True, in the sense that some countries are seen in a state of perpetual war rather than in a state of peace. However, even within countries that abide by a republican constitution, perpetual peace is hardly realized. The argument that such a constitution provides for peace is faulty. Even if the citizens of such a nation object to war, there is possibility in some situations that they will find themselves in the throes of war regardless."
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Conflict Between Cousins: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 2006.
An analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from a cultural perspective.
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to understand the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from the perspective of cultural similarities and differences between the two peoples. The author begins by providing a definition of culture, and then offers a thorough analysis of the various cultural attributes of both groups -- from religion to power to territorialism. The paper concludes with a section entitled "Is Peace Possible?", which looks at this perennial question from the unusual perspective of the cultural impediments to peace, rather than the political ones.
Introduction: What is Culture?
Why Israel and Palestine are Like Each Other and Dislike Each Other
Territorialism
Religious Differences
Influence of United States and Europe
Dissimilar Values
Money
Power
Different Governments - Different People
Is Peace Possible?
From the Paper
"Traditionally the word culture is used to define people who share a certain set of values. These values may include similar national character, a particular geo-political heritage, or a state sanctioned religion. The article, "The Man in the Baghdad Cafe" goes on to say that in many cases people define themselves by a very small number of shared values rather than the cultural larger set that are said to be shared by Europeans or Asians or residents of the Middle East. In Europe, more people identify with their geographical territory such as Germany or France or England than they do either with national character or religion (Protestant work ethic)."
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Ireland Peace Talks, 2003.
This paper discusses President Clinton's involvement in the Ireland peace talks.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, against opposition both within the U.S. and in the countries involved in the Ireland conflict, President Clinton remained consistent and compelling in his assertion that a third party, the U.S., and a radically different approach towards peace was undeniably necessary in the Ireland Peace talks. The author points out that, during his term, he actively worked with British Prime Minister Tony Blair, convincing him finally to allow Sinn Fein leaders into the peace talks. The paper relates that Clinton's diplomacy was responsible only partially for the decline of terrorism in Ireland during the 1990's because, demographically, Ireland is tipping rapidly towards a Catholic majority, making attacks from the IRA and other Republican paramilitary groups far less frequent.
From the Paper
"President Bill Clinton became involved in 1993 after a winning presidential campaign pledging to help end the violence in Ireland. Against the past policy of the United States, Clinton stepped in, arguing primarily for the rights and demands of Catholics in Ireland. Behind the back and against the will of the British, "Rarely in the history of Anglo-American relations has the White House...supported Irish demands against Great Britain"4, he began organizing a series of peace talks, bringing together over the course of several years the leaders of Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State ('Southern Ireland'), and, countering the advice of the Irish Prime Minister, worked intensively on a network of compromises that would yield a cease-fire and eventually a level of peace between Northern Ireland, the Irish Free State and Britain."
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Middle East Peace, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the Israeli - Palestinian conflict and the struggle of both nations to obtain a lasting and true peace.
4,700 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper details the long and complex history of both the Palestinian and Israeli nations and the push for peace that was prompted largely by the desire of all nations involved in the process to end the wars that have plagued the Middle East since Israel's inception in 1948. This paper contains historic information on both countries as well as America's constant involvement in pushing for a true and lasting peace between Israel and Palestine.
Topics covered in this report include:
A Brief History
Peace in the 1990s
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Palestinians, previously subjects of the Ottoman Empire, were faced with a crisis of identity. They had never before considered themselves "Palestinians" in a national sense, but the massive influx of Jewish settlers and the declaration of Zionist intentions to establish statehood provoked the formation of a somewhat frail Palestinian community whose identity was centered on geographical as well as cultural similarities. This community was fractured by political infighting and the distribution of its citizens in a rural context."
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