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Paying Attention: Voting Intention and Voter News Consumption, 2004.
Evaluates the link between voting intention and news consumption; based on research data collected during the 2000 Canadian federal election.
4,225 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the connection between the amount of attention paid to news coverage in elections by citizens, and the effects of this on voting intention. Analysing secondary source data from the 2000 Canadian federal election, this paper finds that the only significant correlations between voting intention and attention paid to news were found amongst television viewers and newspaper readers. The data shows that the more attention individuals pay to news, the more they move away from being an undecided voter and towards identifying with a party.
Paper Overview
Abstract
Background
Research Question
Rationale for Method Used
Methodology
Design
Procedures
Analysis and Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Tables, etc.
References
From the Paper
"Paul Nesbitt-Larking argues that the media love elections because they "possess all the qualities of first class sporting events-provide cheap thrills for the media, who are able to garner much good material for little or no expenditure. Elections are easy because the protocols and rhythms of what will take place have been reasonably well established." If he is correct, then the 2000 Canadian federal election should have had Canadian media salivating. It was momentous for many reasons. It was the first election of a new millennium. It marked the third campaign as incumbent begun by then Prime Minister Jean ChrA(c)tien who, if he won (which he did), would have been handed with his fellow Liberals their third majority government. Finally, adding drama, there was a new, right-of-centre party on the scene in the form of the Canadian Alliance led by a young, charismatic, sea-doo riding leader by the name of Stockwell Day. Arguably therefore, it could be expected that the media would dramatically increase its coverage of the election campaign. By doing so however, the media become not just passive observers of the election, but also active participants and take for themselves the ability to, within newscasts especially, prime the electorate as to which issues are important."
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American Voting vs. British Voting, 2002.
A comparison of the electoral systems in the in the United States and Great Britain.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares public opinion, voting, and elections in the United States and Great Britain, and discusses the various advantages and disadvantages of each political system.
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Pay Equity vs. Pay Equality, 2002.
Examining the phenomenon of the gaps in wages between men and women in the United States.
1,158 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the sensitive issue of pay inequality between men and woman. The writer shows that despite laws passed as far back as 1963, a relatively large gap still exists, and the highest percentage is during peak earning ages (25-54 years old). The paper examines the factors that have contributed to this earning gap and also discusses programs which have been institutionalized in an attempt to decrease the inequality in earning between genders.
From the Paper
"In 1963, President Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law, making it unlawful to discriminate against a worker on the basis of sex. Since that time, the wage gap between men and women in the United States has narrowed by just 15 cents, now being 74 cents, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau."
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The Importance of Voting, 2007.
This paper demonstrates the significance of voting and the consequences of not voting.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the vote of the people determines who is in power at the local, state and national level. However, voting is not compulsory and the number of people voting is approaching fifty percent. The paper illustrates how the actual voting population becomes the group that the people in charge aim to please. By choosing to vote every person can gain even a small degree of influence. Apathy, on the other hand, allows those in control to take actions without a high level of concern over how the action will be perceived. The paper concludes that if more of the population voted, there would be a more balanced system of government where everyone is represented and where there is some measure of control over those in power.
From the Paper
"One of the main arguments against non-voting is that it has no effect. It is a decision not to act done as a form of protest against a system. However, as Dave Renton describes "like all campaigns based on inaction, it is a fundamentally weak gesture. It says to our rulers, "Look, you don't have our support", and they say, "Look, we're not bothered." Michael Staudenmaier makes another argument against voting stating that it has become based on people choosing the lesser of two evils. In effect, people vote because they don't want a certain person in office, not because they want a certain person in office. The problem with this argument is that not voting at all is not a solution."
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Electronic Voting, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of electronic voting within the election system.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that voting fraud has always been a concern in U. S. elections. However, the writer points out that during the last few years, concerns over electronic voting and the possibility of fraud has sparked heated debates that continue today. The writer discusses the two different types of electronic voting systems, the optical scan system and the touch-screen system. The writer maintains that the success of the system of elections is based on three premises: the secrecy of the ballot, safeguards against fraud, and safeguards against voter intimidation. The writer concludes that, while criticism still echoes concerning electronic voting machines, butterfly ballots, chads and other twentieth century voting technology have all but disappeared.
From the Paper
"Internet voting is the process by which a voter casts his/her ballot on a personal computer that then electronically sends the ballot to the election office. While this system has the greatest potential for making election more convenient and accessible, it also presents major concerns surrounding the verifiability and security given the overall vulnerability of the Internet environment. Most agree that Internet voting is far too risky for general implementation, however as advances in encryption and other security measures are made, Internet voting will likely become more prevalent. The Defense Department is leading the way in resolving Internet security measures with several experiments and pilot projects. For example, to improve voting opportunities of overseas military personnel, the Defense Department conduct an experiment called Voting Over the Internet Pilot Project during the election of 2000, and planned another called the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment during the 2004 election, however this project was cancelled before the 2004 election due to unresolved security issues."
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Electronic Voting, 2005.
A look at electronic voting as a way of presenting the same type of problems that arose in the 2000 presidential elections.
3,618 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the topic of electronic voting, its advantages and disadvantages, and the problems associated with it that must be solved before it can be implemented on a large scale. The paper describes the problems with the present system of voting, alternative systems of voting as well as electronic voting, and the technology that could support this type of system.
From the Paper
"The electronic voting machines currently in use include touch-screen voting, while suggestions for online voting over the Internet have been made but rejected because of the security difficulties of such a system. If those could be solved, however, then online voting might become a reality as well. At the present time, different states are considering how to implement some form of electronic system that will not create the sort of problems seen in Florida in 2000, will be secure, and will be accurate. They look to some of the systems that have already been used and so tested by different states to see what has worked and what has not."
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1965 Voting Rights Act, 1991.
This paper looks at the effects of the 1965 Voting Rights Acton on black voters and the means used by white Southerners to circumvent the bill.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Voting has been a major issue for black Americans in this century, although the 15th Amendment, which was ratified in 1870, provides that neither the federal government nor any state shall deny the right to vote on account of race or color. It specifically authorized Congress to enforce its provisions by legislation.. Nevertheless, especially in the South, white people denied blacks the right to vote, using everything from literacy tests to physical harm. In 1965, however, the Voting Rights Act was passed, and it suspended in certain areas the use of literacy tests and similar devices as prerequisites to registration and voting and provided for the appointment of federal examiners to register persons who met valid state voting requirements.. This act was a departure from the acts of 1957- ... "
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Voting Reform in America?s South, 2002.
Examines the efforts to rectify the imbalance between black and white voters in the South.
2,416 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
Voting reform in America's South has been undertaken with great seriousness over the past two decades. Many changes had been made in the years prior to that and efforts continued because blacks were still disenfranchised to a great degree, with a number of laws and practices remaining that mitigated against the black vote. The paper shows that in the last 15 years or so, efforts to increase the black vote in the South increased, along with efforts to martial that vote to elect more black representatives, with some success. The paper examines how these efforts have made considerable change, but they have not completely overcome the traditional imbalance between black and white voters nor the tendency toward non-voting common in the South and becoming more common all over the United States. The paper looks at voting laws, demographic movement and includes a table.
From the Paper
"The states in the South are primarily responsible for the low voter turnout rates, for they continually rank at or near the bottom of turnout rankings. Southern voters are influenced dramatically by various demographics which tend to lead to nonvoting, such as low incomes and low education rates. In addition, race plays a greater role in the South than in any other part of the country. As the South tries desperately to improve its economic and social conditions, voting will play a major role. Nonvoting seems to show a general disinterest in the political situation, and if minorities do not improve their voting record, one result will be that less attention is paid to the many problems of the many poor and minorities in the South. Past studies have documented that voter turnout rates are relatively lower for the South when compared to the rest of the nation, a pattern that is not due to any type of cultural difference that exists between the South and the rest of the nation but rather to demographic factors such as education, income, religion, and race (Joyce, 1998)."
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E-Voting, 2004.
An examination of the pros and cons of virtual voting.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of e-voting, or voting through ATM-like electronic terminals. It looks at the pros and cons of the election process moving into an electronic age and away from the "hanging chads." The writer also examines issues of security, such as hacking and vote count integrity.
From the Paper
"The 2000 Presidential election and the fiasco in Florida's vote count were just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to voting in America. Today, voters are faced with more than punch cards. They are faced with "e-voting." What is e-voting? E-voting is a more practical way of voting by using electronic touch-screens or optical-scanning systems that record the vote when a voter touches the screen, clicks a mouse, or marks a ballot than can be optically scanned. The systems work electronically, and votes should be tallied almost instantaneously. The machines automatically show each office or item on the ballot as the voter enters their vote, and "If a voter makes a mistake, such as selecting two candidates for the same office, the computer points out this error and allows the voter to correct it" (Bonsor). These machines eliminate the inefficiencies of punch card and manual voting, and they are quicker for voters to use, so polling places can handle more voters in less time. In addition, they bring voting to many more people, including the blind and non-English speakers, for there are screens that talk back and screens in other languages."
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Economic Models of Voting, 2004.
An overview of the competency and low-cost economic models of voting.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how it is generally believed that the more the economy grows or slows down, the more all voters reward or punish the incumbent party for improving or worsening their economic situation and how presidential approval ratings often drive the results of the economic models of voting. It looks at how these approval ratings are typically conceptualized as capturing both non-economic factors and other economic factors beyond near-election economic growth. It discuss two major economic models, the competency and low-cost of voting, both of which show how economic outcomes may affect party choice.
From the Paper
"It is logical to expect public support for the EU, as a relatively new political system, to be more responsive to short-run policy outcomes than is public support for political institutions in mature democracies. In other words, EU institutions might not benefit from broad legitimacy. Thus, the European publics have a tendency to blame EU institutions rather than policy-makers for short-run policy failures. However, even if this is the case, only a weak theoretical connection exists between EU policy and domestic economic performance (Palmer 1995). Until very recently, the EU was responsible for neither fiscal nor monetary policies. And while EU membership represents a constraint on national economic policies, historically, this effect has been indirect."
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Voting Behavior and Education, 2002.
And analysis of studies on the relationship between level of education and voting behavior.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Analysis of studies on the relationship between level of education & voting behavior. Higher education and increase in voter participation. Other factors that impact voting behavior including party identification, socioeconomic class, religion, personal feelings about candidates. Discusses findings of a survey on educational level & presidential selection in 2000. Two tables.
From the Paper
"Voting Behavior and Education
Introduction
Piven and Cloward (2000) have noted that education is an investment in human skills, one with both its costs and its returns. For example, the cost of finishing high school to the student is, according to the authors, very low because it consists mainly of the relatively low wages earned by a 16 to 19 year old. On the other hand, the cost to the student of attending college is higher and includes tuition, books, fees, and the earnings given up by not working and/or by working only part time.
However, the returns of a higher education can be strong and varied. One of these returns, Piven and Cloward (2000) state, is a greater interest and participation in civic affairs..."
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Internet Voting, 2003.
Examines the idea of casting votes over the internet.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the feasibility of on-line voting in public elections, considering the issues of security, reliability, privacy and authentication. It examines the use of computers for voting at polling places, remote sites and on the internet and considers the possible effects of on-line voting on the future of American politics. There are some serious problems involved with voting via internet that so far seem to have no solution. This paper explains those problems and what is needed to solve them. It ends with a discussion of the possibility of America becoming a direct democracy, with the people voting on-line on every issue that is now voted on by Congress.
From the Paper
"Eric Sinrod, writing for Computerworld, suggests a step by step approach, starting with computer voting at poll sites, then moving to voting via kiosks, and finally Internet voting from home PCs.22 Voting at a poll site with a computer is little different in terms of security and privacy than voting with paper ballots. Voters are ID checked by election officials at the door so there is no need for an ID check on the computer. The computer just records and counts the votes. It is a closed system so it can be carefully watched to prevent hacks and viruses."
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Measuring and Paying for Performance, 2002.
An overview of the concept of measuring and paying for performance.
2,018 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how experience, research and analysis of the corporate world and its practices reveal that paying for performance systems are crucial to the success of an organization and are essential for a constant development of its workforce. It looks at how paying for performance is relatively a new term when compared to ?performance appraisal? though both terms can be used interchangeably and have similar meaning in the corporate world.
Outline
Overview of the Topic Under Discussion
Historical Overview of Paying for Performance Pages
Recent Developments in the Related Field Pages
Future Direction and Application Pages
Conclusion Pages
From the Paper
"Though pricing strategies still play a vital role in the competitive corporate world, with recent changes, customer satisfaction and product innovation as well as product quality ?are the primary determinant of profitability? (Nourayi & Daroca, 1996, p.206 (12)). Hence ?product-oriented manufacturing cells? are replacing ?process-oriented operations? (Nourayi & Daroca, 1996, p.206 (12)). Minimization of wastes is today directly connected with profit maximization. Therefore, with success factors being controlled by consumers, administration as well as management at all levels need to identify and consolidate ?the market signals? in an expedient performance measurement and review procedure or system. Thus, these new positive amendments in the existing market trends bring forward the role of performance measurement system in determining the success of the overall organization while accomplishing the set of objectives outlined by the management for the employees to follow in letter and spirit."
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Voting in the U.S., 2005.
This paper discusses that, despite the critical issue in the Bush-Kerry election, tens of millions of people said "I don't really care" and did not vote.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Bush-Kerry presidential election, only slightly more than a half of the eligible voters actually voted and, within the 18 to 21 year old group, only 17% voted. The paper points out that the key aspects of why Americans do not vote are a belief (1) that there really is no equality in America, (2) that one vote won't really make any difference and (3) a total mistrust of politics and politicians. The paper concludes that, although social studies and political science texts all refer to voting as both a duty and an obligation, too many millions of Americans don't care, don't understand or are merely unresponsive to their responsibilities as full citizens.
From the Paper
"Despite massive efforts to "get out the vote", transportation, free meals, promises of better things to come (etc), people stayed home. Yes, TV showed lines of people in Ohio, standing in the rain for up to nine hours to vote. It didn't show college kids partying, playing video games, sleeping, having sex-- anything to avoid even CONSIDERING going to vote. This lack of interest among the young is amplified by their belief that they are neither equal nor respected. This may sound a little pompous. But, there still are people in government who feel that only they have the wisdom and clear thinking that can make America a better place. These are the same over-the-hill idiots who created colors for alerts, who lied about weapons of mass destruction, who made friends with Enron and Worldcom and gave Nalliburton billions of wasteful dollars."
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Voluntary Voting in Australia, 2007.
A look at th argument that voluntary voting is desirable in the context of liberal-democratic Australia.
894 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that as Australia is a liberal democracy, voluntary voting is desirable. The paper argues this by stating the positive liberal democratic effects that a voluntary voting system would have such as
drastically increasing overall political activity, enhancing the current political system by making it more democratic in nature and the advancement of the fundamental rights of Australia's citizens.
From the Paper
"Far from decreasing political activity, voluntary voting would in fact increase political activity. This would be primarily caused by two major effects resulting from people no longer having to vote for the better of multiple parties, but rather only voting when a party shows itself as worthy of the effort. Firstly, parties and party supporters would be forced to become more involved in the local issues of the people and the community in order to motivate the electorate to vote for them. Secondly, campaigning would become just as prominent in safe seats as it is in marginal seats, as the number of votes from safe seats would no longer be guaranteed. When one considers that current party election efforts focus primarily not just on marginal seats but on swinging marginal seats, which make up only 7% of the population, it's obvious that the resulting increase in political activity would be drastic. "
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