| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PAVLOVIAN OPERANT CONDITIONING": |
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Pavlovian and Operant Conditioning Learning, 2002.
A study on Pavlovian learning in relation to operant conditioning.
1,770 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Pavlovian learning and examines the similarities and differences of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. It states that all behavior is learned and therefore can be modified. The author argues that the differing learning theories are in fact simply two different perspectives on the same phenomenon.
From the Paper
"Although Pavlovian and operant conditioning are usually classified as different types of learning, it may in fact be more accurate to define them as two different perspectives on the same type of learning.
We may most easily see how this is the case by beginning with a definition of each of these forms of learning. The model of Pavlovian learning is one of the most famous paradigms in psychology: It is hard to imagine that there is anyone who has not heard the story of how Pavlov taught his dog to associate the sound of a ringing bell, and indeed taught him this so convincingly that after a while his dogs would salivate in anticipation of eating ? even when there was only a ringing bell and no food."
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Operant Conditioning, 2006.
This paper examines the five key educational principles of operant conditioning, which, when applied correctly in the classroom, are effective in both reinforcement and punishment.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper details the five key educational innovations attributed to the principles of operant conditioning. The five areas consist of: Instructional objectives, programmed instruction, mastery learning, contingency contracts and applied behavior analysis. Each particular area is built to work on a cycle of reinforcement and punishment and evokes the prime basis of operant conditioning. This paper describes how when applying these operant conditioning techniques correctly behaviors that are desired to increase are reinforced while behaviors sought to decrease are punished. The goal being that for the latter to work, the punishment must be effective. This paper discusses the use of operant conditioning in the classrooms, which has been proven effective and is a commonly utilized technique in education. The writer of this paper contends that operant conditioning is actually employed in classroom settings as an effective tool not only for the teachers but for the students as well.
From the Paper
"In operant conditioning, it is a prerequisite that terminal (i.e. desired) behaviors be specified in precise, observable terms prior to the beginning of conditioning1. Rather then referring to educationally based goals as "instructional objectives", then, the sought for ideal is a "behavioral objective" with three basic specified components: an observable
and measurable outcome, explanation of the conditions under which the behavior should be exhibited, and the criterion for judging the acceptable performance of the behavior. An example of the later criterion would be that a student performs above a reasonably assigned goal on examinations. Utilizing objectives in this way allows teachers to make clear goals for their students."
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Operant Conditioning, 2006.
A look at the weaknesses as well as the significance of the operant conditioning theory as advocated by B.F. Skinner.
1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper, while acknowledging that the operant conditioning theory does not, in isolation, seem to be fully adequate for explaining the human learning process or analyzing human behaviour, attempts to highlight its limitations and its significance in the field of social psychology. The paper accomplishes this by means of comparison against symbolic interactionism and the observational learning theory.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Operant Conditioning (Reinforcement)
Operant Conditioning versus Symbolic Interactionism
Operant Conditioning versus Observational Learning
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As shown by the above example, operant conditioning lays emphasis on consequences as the "prime movers" (Baldwin 1986:7) or determining force of the antecedent cues and behaviour. The consequences influence the frequency of a certain behaviour in the future, and transform the antecedent cues into discriminative stimuli (Baldwin 1986:11) which indicate the occasion for appropriate behaviour. Looking at another tall tree, the boy may decide that it would not be prudent to climb it."
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Classical and Operant Conditioning, 2002.
This paper demonstrates the application of classical and operant conditioning to change behavior.
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper applies classical and operant conditioning to two problems of the author. The author defines and outlines the use of classical conditioning to overcome her fear of elevators. The paper again explains the definition and use of operant conditioning to increase the number of times the author exercises.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Classical Conditioning - Reducing the Fear of Elevators
Understanding Classical Conditioning
Overcoming the Fear of Elevators
Operant Conditioning - Increasing Exercise Frequency
Understanding Operant Conditioning
Increasing Exercise Frequency
Overall Summary
From the Paper
"The first step involves developing a plan to begin the desensitization process. The plan that has been decided on involves using the elevator daily, but only going one floor in it and always going from the second floor to the ground floor. This has been decided on because it has the least fear associated with it. This process of just going one floor will be continued for a week. The length of time spent in the elevator will then be gradually increased by taking it from the third floor to the ground floor for a week, and then the fifth floor to the ground floor for another week."
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B. F. Skinner and his Operant Conditioning Theory, 2002.
A paper which discusses B.F. Skinner and his Operant Conditioning Theory.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper describes world renowned psychologist, B.F Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory - the primary focus of this form of learning being on the relationship of reinforcement to the change in overt behavior. The paper provides a biography of Skinner and shows how his ideas affected the psychological world.
From the Paper
"We, as human beings, are distinguished by the fact that our vocal responses can be easily conditioned as operants. Because the behavior must be reinforced through the mediation of other people, who do many different things, there are many kinds of verbal operants (http://www.bfskinner.org/Operant.asp). Language is composed of the reinforcing practices of a given culture. These practices are responsible for the majority of the extraordinary achievements of humans. Other species acquire behavior from each other through imitation and from modeling or showing each other what to do."
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Classical and Operant Conditioning, 2005.
An explanation and comparison of classical and operant conditioning.
868 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
Classical conditioning is a form of learning in which the subject begins to associate a behavior with a certain stimuli. This paper discusses classical and operant conditioning, rephrasing what they are, and explaining them with real-life examples.
From the Paper
"In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (something that will always lead to a reaction of some type) leads to an unconditioned response (a natural reaction to the UCS). A neutral stimulus (NS) becomes paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). This is also called the Pavlovian conditioning because Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning in an experiment involving dogs. Eventually, the pairing of the NS and the UCS leads to an UCR. The conditioned stimulus (CS), which used to be the NS, will be associated with a response (CR). The CS really has no connection to the response but through the conditioning, the subject learns to associate their conditioned response with the CS."
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William J. Stevenson's book, "Production/Operations Management" Production/operations Management, 1991.
This paper is a chapter-by-chapter summary of William J. Stevenson's book, "Production/Operations Management" a work on forecasting, systems design, operation & control, technology, jobs and quality assurance.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 1 source, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"William J. Stevenson's book, "Production/Operations Management" provides an up-to-date introduction to the field. The book is well written and makes excellent use of charts, graphs, illustrations and photographs. Each chapter includes learning objectives and a chapter outline at the beginning, and concludes with a summary, a list of key terms and the pages where they are defined, and solved problems. In addition, there are discussion and review questions as well as problems without solutions provided. There are two appendices, one containing solutions to some problems, and the other containing appropriate tables for calculations. Stevenson has also included a number of case studies to encourage the application of what is presented in the text. By making good use of headings and subheadings, and by using shaded areas to call attention to real-world examples, ... "
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Using Current Internet Technology To Expand Operations Hardware Store To A Multinational Operation, 1997.
Case study analysis of the ability of existing Internet technology to adapt MasonACE hardware stores into an international operation.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"USING CURRENT INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TO EXPAND OPERATIONS HARDWARE STORE TO A MULTINATIONAL OPERATION
Introduction
Much attention in academic literature has been paid to the potential use of the Internet Technology available today, and its ability to help managers who understand the possibilities and the limitations of that technology adapt it to their unique business situations (Rheingold, 1994, 14; Barford, 1997, 55). This analysis has two parts. The first part will provide an overview of Internet Technology paying particular attention to: (a) special resource requirements, (b) exploitation potential, (c) specific relation to MasonACE hardware stores, and (d) the special implementation problems adopting this technology has had ..."
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Canine Operant Conditioning and Behaviorism, 2004.
An examination of canine behavior, focusing on the issue of genetics versus environment.
4,335 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relevant and scholarly literature concerning operant conditioning, in general, and the extent to which it works with dogs, in particular. The paper presents the "nature versus nurture" debate and explores whether canine behaviour is determined by genetics or environmental influences.
From the Paper
"The debate over nature versus nurture as it applies to learning dates back over a hundred years. Certainly, during much of the 20th century, the distinction between learned and inherited behavior appeared much clearer than it does today. The concept that any type of behavior was either learned or merely developed without learning seemed a rationale and straightforward belief. Research based on these expectations caused some scientists to conclude that rat-killing behavior among cats, for example, is a learned behavior rather than an instinctive one, that human fears are all acquired, or that intelligence is completely the result of experience. Learning theorists were arguing at this point that most behavior is learned and that biological factors are of little or no importance."
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Operant Conditioning/Behavior Modification, 2005.
A paper discussing the use of behavior modification in the classroom.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a brief explanation of what behavior modification is and then explains how it can be used effectively in the classroom as long as those using the approach keep the full individuality of each child in mind and avoid a "one size fits all" group solution.
From the Paper
"The idea of operant conditioning for humans was first developed by Burrhus Frederick Skinner, who looked at work using operant conditioning with animals. He concluded that using operant conditioning, or behavior modification, with humans was possible, and that all if all external factors were controlled, internal mental processes would not be a significant factor. He believed that all human behavior was shaped by the principles of operant conditioning: stimulus and response (Hutchinson, 2003)."
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The Field of Operations, 2006.
Explains the concepts of operational efficiency and operations effectiveness and examines the Toyota production system as an example of these concepts.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This document discusses operations and how operations and operational efficiency should be defined. It is first characterized from a personal perspective and then expanded upon. The concept of quality is then discussed with an emphasis on quality in a financial institution. Finally, the Toyota production system is examined relative to its production efficiencies and operational advantages.
From the Paper
"The field of operations is most often associated with the compendium of processes and ongoing projects that form the nexus of an enterprise's line of business (LOB). That is, it is the sum of all the processes and projects that are required for the enterprise to produce its product or service on a daily basis. These processes and projects are usually associated with the following activities: sourcing or procurement, production or manufacturing, quality control or management, inventory, logistics, facilities control, and distribution. The term operational efficiency implies that these activities are undertaken and accomplished with the least commitment of resources in terms of time and cost, necessary to produce the product or service without compromising quality. While related, operation effectiveness implies that not only is the enterprise's product or service produced efficiently with minimal investment of resources but that a useful product or service is the result of the..."
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Trust Operation, 2005.
This paper discusses the ups and downs of perhaps the best counter-intelligence operation ever, The Trust Operation.
1,866 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper is about a spy operation that the Soviets ran during the mid-1920s. It explains that, to date, it is still one of the most successful counter-intelligence operations ever undertaken by any intelligence agency. It explains how Lenin had most of the world fooled shortly after his Bolshevik revolution. It was the persistence of a few Polish officers that brought the whole operation down.
From the Paper
"Lenin turned to Feliks Dzerzhinsky (the creator and chief of the Cheka) to eliminate all internal and external threats and factions. Dzerzhinsky devised a plan named Tres. It was an operation that would infiltrate an anti-Bolshevik, and highly secretive organization; the "Monarchist Union of Central Russia" (MOTsR). The "leader" of the MOTsR organization was Alexander Yakushev. He was a Czarist bureaucrat of the Exploitation Department of Waterways Administration (under the Bolsheviks it was known as the Soviet Waterways Department), who subsequent to the Russian Revolution, was attached with the Narkomat of External Trade."
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Operations Management, 2007.
This paper focuses on the product design operation and analyzes its performance objectives and operation design.
2,176 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the product design process for a new cosmetic product manufactured by an international cosmetics company. The paper evaluates this product's design process and relates that it is a positive example of product and service design. The paper comments that the design is a very well-structured process, containing all the steps that need to be followed in order to create new products and in order to ensure their future commercial success.
Outline:
Introduction
Product Design Operation
Performance Objectives
Evaluation of the Selected Operation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Operations management deals with planning, organizing and controlling the processes that include all operations within the organization to produce and distribute products and services (McNamara, 2007). Major overall activities connected to operations management refer to product creation, development, production, and distribution. Other activities related to operations management include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. One might consider that the center of this entire process relies on efficiency and effectiveness of the processes involved. Operations management has several planning criteria: controlling, leading, organizing, planning, maintaining, and performance measurement (Wikipedia, 2007)."
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"Operation Cornflakes", 2005.
This paper discusses "Operation Cornflakes" one of the worst and yet humorous covert operations ever undertaken by the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in hopes of undermining Hitler during WWII.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1944, the OSS organized an elaborate plan based on the British outline, calling for a massive infiltration of Allied propaganda into the German postal system as a means of undermining German home front morale by degrading confidence in Adolph Hitler and creating a sense of defeatism inside Germany. The author points out that almost every single letter ever produced by the OSS was destroyed within days of their arrival in Germany. The paper relates that the real values of the operation were (1), after the fall of the Nazis to the Allied powers, a select few Nazi party members who had received the OSS letters used them to claim that they had really been anti-Nazi the whole time and (2), to this day, the forged OSS stamp is a rare collectible, which is widely sought after.
From the Paper
""Operation Cornflakes" was originally a propaganda operation against Nazi Germany that the British hoped would help them win World War II. The original plan involved the British using international mail to Germany from countries that remained neutral during the war. MI6 hired expert forgers to generate a series of cleverly faked stamps that were then applied to envelopes addressed to Germans from cover companies in those neutral countries. Everything appeared to be in working order at a quick glance. However, the stamps were actually parodies of real issues going on within Germany during the war. An example of this propaganda includes a portrait of Heinrich Himmler in place of Adolph Hitler on the stamp. This was supposed to show dissention among the ranks inside Nazi Germany."
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Operating Systems (OS), 2004.
This paper discusses extensively the design and function of an operating system (OS).
6,365 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 49 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that operating systems are primarily resource managers; the main resource they manage is computer hardware in the form of processors, storage, input/output devices, communication devices, and data. The author points out that it is important to understand that an operating system occupies the lower layer of system software; hence, it is always closest to the physical machine and, therefore, effectively manages both hardware and software by making use of its kernel. The paper stresses that security plays a fundamental role in an operating system, since it protects the OS from being destroyed or invaded.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Operating Systems Concept
Operating System?s Objective and Function
Operating System Evolution
Process Description and Control
Threads / Microkernels
Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion, Synchronization
Deadlock And Starvation
Memory Management
Virtual Memory
Scheduling
I/O Management
File Management
Security
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A process in a multiprogramming system is said to be in a state of deadlock if it is waiting for a particular event that will not occur. ?In a system, deadlock, one or more processes are deadlocked?. In multi programmed computing systems, resource sharing is one of the primary goals of the operating system. When resources are shared among a population if users, each of whom maintains exclusive control over particular resources allocated to that user, it is possible for deadlocks to develop in which the processes of some users will never be able to finish."
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