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The Patronage System and Renaissance Literature, 2007.
An overview of the influence of the patronage system on English Renaissance writers.
2,603 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of why, in "Self-Crowned Laureates," Richard Helgerson places English Renaissance writers within a patronage system that frequently influenced the content of their works. To this end, an analysis of Ben Jonson's poem "To Penshurst" and his "Masque of Blackness"; Aemilia Lanyer's poems "The Description of Cooke-ham" and "Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum"; John Milton's masque "Comus," and Mary Wroth's "Urania" is conducted to determine what or why these works were written, as well as the specific patrons that provided these Renaissance writers with political or social favors or monetary remuneration in exchange for their services. An assessment of how women writers from this era frequently dedicated their writings to powerful figures is followed by an analysis of how the appeal to a patron authorized these writers to act and the manner in which these poets advance themselves socially through their art. A discussion of how class difference troubled or enhanced these writers is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The patronage system under which Jonson created was one in which he was compelled write for the gentry but he was not that happy about it, because he thought himself the better person because of his talent, whereas the aristocracy had money but not talent. Yet he had to write such works as "To Penshurst" just to make a living and in the hopes, too, that he could raise up in society. In this regard, Loewenstein and Mueller (2002) report that, "Literature became the unofficial currency of the patronage system - well-turned sonnets, graceful compliments and effusive book-dedications being among the recognized ways by which hopeful candidates would present themselves for the job. Patronage came in all shapes and sizes, from permanent positions to more sporadic offerings, gifts or payments in kind" (346). In this regard, Briggs (1997) emphasizes that Jonson's poem, "To Penshurst," is absolutely rife with effusive praise for one such landholder who was deemed benevolent simply by virtue of not being evil. "
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Renaissance Court Literature, 2007.
An examination of the literature and works of the Renaissance period.
2,907 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the Renaissance was one of the most prolific and influential times in all of human history. The paper discusses how Renaissance literature is still being read and acted out today as it was thousands of years ago. The paper explains that the most important aspect of the Renaissance was the invention of the printing press that ensured the survival of much of the work that was produced during those years. The paper looks at many of the works of literature and poetry of that time period.
From the Paper
"In the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries' of the Renaissance, a wealth of literature, art and culture filled European streets, theaters and castles. It was as if all the artists knew that they could now come out of hiding from the Middle Ages and explode with creative new works that fantasized about other worlds or dealt with norms and activities of the times. The change began in Italy with a renewed interest in classical literature and values. Throughout the years, the movement spread to England, Germany, Poland and France and the Netherlands, with Humanism offering intellectual study and scholarship as well as culture."
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Renaissance Women and Literature, 2004.
Examines Renaissance voices and counter-voices of women in early modern literature through works by William Shakespeare.
2,563 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper provides evidence from the Shakespearean plays, "A Midsummer Night?s Dream" and "The Taming of the Shrew", that there was considerable opposition to women who wanted to express themselves or have their own way in Renaissance times. In "The Taming of the Shrew", it is Katherine who was the deviant, but eventually conformed to the norms of society by obeying her husband. This was because everyone wanted her to do so, including the women around her. Similar to this situation was Hermia?s, where she was ordered to marry a man against her wishes. Women around her and generally everyone else wanted her to obey her father?s wishes. However, she revolted and eloped with her lover. From these examples in the play, this paper shows that the voices of women during the Renaissance were greatly opposed. However, it notes that, in the case of Hermia, it can be seen that women finally manage to emerge victorious.
From the Paper
"The manner in which some women were in fact reinforcements to misogynistic attitudes is reflected in the Shakespearean texts, ?The Taming of the Shrew? and ?A Midsummer Night?s Dream?, as both these texts demonstrate the way that women in the Renaissance reinforced their social positions by repeatedly adhering to what was expected of them. It is clear enough that this attitude on the part of women had caused men to feel elevated and powerful (Belsey 1985, pp 12-15). Men realized that they could get women to act in accordance with what they expected of them, and they reinforced or justified these expectations through religious indoctrination. Particularly, the Christian bible was used in order to get women to conform to what men wanted."
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Medieval and Renaissance Literature, 2002.
An analysis of literature from these eras, using works by William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer as examples.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper will contrast medieval literature with the Elizabethan literature of the Renaissance and will compare them as well. By understanding these two different literary worlds, we can see how they are similar and how they differ. Three of Shakespeare's sonnets will be compared and contrasted with "The Pardoner's Tale" and the "Knight's Tale" of "The Canterbury Tales" by Chaucer and "Sir Patrick Spence" by Anonymous.
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Renaissance Literature, 2004.
A critical review of "Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer and "The Prince" by Machiavelli.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss. and analyze the books, "Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer, and "The Prince" by Machiavelli. Specifically, it will contrast specific values of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance as represented in the two books and, particularly, as those values relate to the nature of authority. Authority and power go hand in hand, and these two works clearly show the marriage of power and authority, even if they were written at two different times. Power and authority can corrupt, and these two tales show exactly how the powerful become mesmerized with their authority, and cannot give it up, and how important religious power was during the Middle Ages.
From the Paper
"Throughout his book "The Prince" first written in 1513, Machiavelli capably expresses the many uses of power often ? in fact, this is one of his central themes and reasons for writing this book. He often notes that he hopes to explain to the Medici princes how to be superior, more powerful rulers, so they can overcome the countries that are continually attempting to take Italy under their own rule, such as France. Machiavelli acknowledges power (and killing) can often be necessary. He refers to the power of the beast and the man, and how to use that power effectively."
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Renaissance Literature, 2006.
A review of "A Room of One's Own" by Virginia Woolf.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the tale of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kemp, referred to as Shakespeare's sister. It explores how Woolf in "A Room of One's Own" relates to the status of women and the barriers they faced due to the stereotypes of gender in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
From the Paper
"Julian's beliefs about women during the Middle Ages are mixed. In her study of medieval gender constructions, Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion, Bynum concludes that medieval theory acknowledged the "permeability or interchangeability of the sexes," although "the male body is paradigmatic," and even Julian of Norwich, for whom Christ was Mother, still consistently referred to him with the male pronoun (220-22). On the other hand, Robertson suggests that the physicality of Julian's language presents the redemptive possibilities for femininity and emphasizes the sensuality of Christ. Thus it is the "feminized body of Christ" that "redeems the sensual" (156). Further, Robertson believes that Julian was a subtle strategist who sought to undo assumptions about women and to provide a different concept of femininity through contemplation of Christ's "feminine" attributes."
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Literature of the Renaissance., 2004.
This paper studies the Renaissance, focusing on its effects on literature.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Renaissance, particularly its effects on literature and examines one work of the time, "The history of that ingenious gentleman : Don Quixote of La Mancha" by Miguel de Cevrantes.
From the Paper
"The Renaissance ran roughly from the mid century until the early century. The Renaissance started in Italy and spread slowly through Europe most notably to France, Spain and finally to England. The word Renaissance refers to the widespread renewal of interest in classical Greek and learning and culture that took place between the Middle Ages and the modern period in history. By the century in Italy, there was intensive study of the Greek and Latin classics, ancient art and archeology and classical history."
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?Literature; Ancient Greek Literature?, 2002.
A discussion of the relationship between ancient Greek burial and death rites and ancient Greek literature.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses upon illustrating the relevance of the obvious emphasis and taboo regarding Greek burial or death rites as it is portrayed in a significant amount of ancient Greek literature. It examines how literature has long been a relevant source that historians as well as other scholars can turn to so as to glean at least a marginal understanding regarding the societal norms of the era or culture in particular.
Outline
Introduction
Generalities Regarding Ancient Greek Burial Rites
Relevance of Literary Illustrations Regarding Ancient Greek Perspectives on Death
Burial Rites Within Ancient Greek literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the first things that essentially needs to be taken into consideration is that, as a result of their significantly un-advanced and superstitiously primitive preconceptions and beliefs, that nearly all kinds of ancient literature is tinged, to some degree or another, with elements of the super natural or paranormal. The occult, witches, curses and ghosts, all are things that are mentioned, with varying degree of figurativeness and realism, within ancient British as well as Greek literature. Moreover, there appears to be a particular degree of emphasis upon the relevance and effectuality of such things as oaths and curses, especially in regard to the likes of such being implemented in concern to a particular person?s death or burial. This something that is quite strongly portrayed when Euripides? Hippolytus, the protagonist within the play, reasserts his confidence to his father in so much as taking an oath that in death may neither sea nor earth receive my flesh, if I have proved false (Lawson, 1964)."
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Irish Renaissance, 2005.
A look the Irish Renaissance of literature and culture at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many of the writers of the Irish Renaissance often memorialized the new nationalist sentiments arising in Ireland and the increased tensions between Ireland and Britain in their writings. The paper notes that the Irish Renaissance was both a renaissance of Irish themes and a reminder that Ireland was not a full country with full autonomy, creating a tension that many of the writers would explore in their works.
From the Paper
"For example, William Butler Yeats is identified with the mythology of early Ireland, and his works feature the stories of the Irish hero Cuchulain in particular. This mythic background is part of what gives the poet his distinctive voice. At the same time, the poet often chafes against the mythology, as if the truths it shapes for him were false. Yeats made reference to other mythologies as well, notably those of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but he seemed less concerned with those references, perhaps because he knew that those mythic stories were better known to the world at large. He may have feared that his poetry was understandable only to the Irish and not to the world at large. Yeats expresses his love for his country and its people and does so in poetry that elevates nature while finding the other-worldly in that nature at the same time, which is often where the mythology enters as well."
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Women in Early Literature, 2002.
An examination of the representation of women in medieval and Renaissance english literature.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the attitude towards women in the Middle ages. It shows that women were considered to be inferior to men and that they were also believed to be the cause of the humanity's downfall. Much of this caricature of women was rooted in the Church's attempt to control the human body. More than anything else, this effort was founded on a deep discomfort that the Church felt with sexuality.
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Reading the Renaissance, 2002.
A look at the literature of Renaissance poets and essayists John Donne and Francis Bacon.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes how far skepticism, self-consciousness and self-criticism are reflected in the work of the Renaissance poets and essayists John Donne and Francis Bacon.
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Ancient Roman Literature, 2008.
A discussion of the worth of Roman literature and a comparison of the meter and themes of Roman literature to Greek literature.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the value of the works of the great Roman poets and prose authors. The paper specifically discusses how Roman literature and poetry is criticized because it lacks originality, being greatly indebted to the Greek texts. It describes the meter and themes of Roman literature and discusses how these, and even the mere details, are most of the times only imitations of the Greek writings.
From the Paper
"Thus, Roman art can be characterized by the lack of spontaneity and speculative power. The Romans were a logical and practical people, usually engaged in political affairs or warfare. The greatest conquerors of the antiquity, the Romans were also the greatest civilizing power. Their systematic and disciplined spirit laid the foundations of the Western civilization. As it is obvious from the lyric, dramatic and epical works of the Roman writers, they Roman people was certainly not inclined to philosophy as the Greeks had been. Indeed, the only writer who can be said to have contributed meaningfully to the realm of antique philosophy is the multidimensional Cicero, who is the only Roman methodological philosopher: "Philosophy was not a natural growth at Rome: indeed, it was regarded by the average Roman with definite mistrust, and we hear that philosophers were banished from the city in 161 B. C....The Roman, essentially a man of action engaged in the practical business of war or politics, was not given to pausing on his way to reflect deeply on the nature of the world or the ultimate meaning of human life."(Bailey, 183) The Romans were thus less preoccupied with the ultimate meaning of the universe and of life, as the Greeks were, but rather with the world of action and human behavior. Usually associated with imitation rather than creation, Roman art had nevertheless its own force precisely through its absolute conformity to classicism."
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Classical Marxist Theory and Literature, 2005.
This paper discusses the classical Marxist approach to literature, which views literature as essentially a social and cultural production.
8,870 words (approx. 35.5 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in its classical sense, Marxist theory does not deal explicitly with literature and art and does not develop an aesthetic of culture or literature. However, the theoretical trajectory of Marxist thought has impacted radically on art and literature as aspects of societal and cultural discourse. The author points out that the concept of dialectic refers specifically to the methodology or method of analysis, which is peculiar to Marxist theory;. In this sense, literature and art, as cultural products, are analyzed in relation to their social and historical context. The paper analyzes specifically " Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, "A Passage to India" by E. M. Forster's and the writings of Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
Foundation of Marxist Theory and Literary Criticism
Marxism - Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Literature
The Premises of Marxist Criticism
Base and Superstructure
The Dialectic
Ideology and Alienation
Semiology and Psychoanalytic Theory.
Reader - Response Theories
A Marxist Critique of Literature
Analysis of the Echo in "A Passage to India": A dialectical reading
" Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad
Dickens
Shakespeare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this perspective, literary works are essential structures of ideological formations. In other words, literature expresses and represents the ideals and aims of class formation that persist and maintain the society. "Literature is for Marxism a particular kind of signifying practice which tends to make up what can be termed an ideological formation". Therefore, Marxist critical perspectives will attempt to explain literature from within its social context and in relation to that particular historical time period. This in turn relates to basic strategies, such as the identification of class structures and class struggle within the literature of a certain historical period."
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The Renaissance and the Middle Ages, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the literature that emerged from eras of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages.
1,623 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Middle Ages and the Renaissance each have defining characteristics that can be recognized through literature produced during that era. It examines the importance of the eras because of the new ideas and attitudes they fostered. It looks at how these eras gave us great artists, such as Chaucer, Dante, William Shakespeare, and Spencer, among others, and how new methods of learning and expression marked a genuine revolution that,in its own way, can be termed as a new age that spanned more than a thousand years.
From the Paper
"The Middle Ages also contributed a great variety of poetry. Abrams suggests that Christian ideals influenced how things were recorded and this might also explain why some secular literature did not survive. Abrams refers to Beowulf as the ?greatest? German epic, despite the fact that it appears to contain many pre-Christian ideas. (Abrams 4) Abrams asserts that the poetry of the Middle Ages is a ?dark one.? Although the world may have seemed depressing, the poetry of the Old English displays ?harsh reality with an extraordinary subtly and intensity? (5). It is important to note that there was also a level of excitement in Old English poetry, which can be seen by the use of irony."
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The New England Renaissance, 2003.
An analysis of philosophies ideas and concepts of the New England Renaissance.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the New England Renaissance as expressed in the literature of the era. It looks at the philosophy of transcendentalism and discusses the works of Thoreau, Emerson, Hawthorne, Emily Dickinson, James Russell Lowell and John Greenleaf Whittier.
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