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Paternalism and Class in Latin America, 2003.
Discusses how paternalistic overtures and the positioning of the elite as a benign force in the lives of the poor have formed the path of class conflict in Latin America.
3,677 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the motives and methods behind the class overtures in Latin America and how these methods have clashed with the pure-force tactics also employed by those in power. It discusses how paternalism has both hindered and facilitated force and violence in class struggle in Latin America. The writer also explores this topic through looking at missionaries, industry and politics in the region, using specific examples such as factories in Chile and Columbia, Peronism in Argentina and Isabellan legislation in the New World.
From the Paper
"The modern era has seen the rise of class conflict to the forefront of the political and economic arenas of the world. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in the socially stratified sphere of Latin American history. From violent strikes to repressive politics, Latin America has seen class struggle pit the poor against the rich, labor against capital, peasants against landlords, the people against the government, and the masses against the elite. And yet, class conflict and the lines between the sides involved have never been so clear-cut in reality as in words. In many instances, the powers that be, the elites of politics and the factory owners of industry, have positioned themselves not as the enemies, but as the protectors, of the poor. From European missionary rhetoric to paternalistic factory politics to populist politics, those in power have forged as a much of a legacy in positioning themselves as a benign force in the lives of the lower class as they have in abusing and antagonizing those less fortunate. Incidences of paternalism, control by those in power to mold the lower classes into a way of living deemed or advertised as better than their current status, in Latin America are not only deviations from the them-vs.-us portrait of class struggle; paternalism complexifies and deepens the reality of class relations itself by at times intensifying the exploitation of elite goals, and at other times offering the lower classes genuine help from the above. Often, though, the effects of paternalism have been somewhere in between, both building bridges and burning them in the war between classes. In analyzing the motives behind paternalistic actions and rhetoric, whether they derive from need for control or power, or a genuine conception or misconception of how to improve the lives of the lower class, students of Latin American history can see that the reasons behind paternalistic efforts have been varied and unclear, while the effects of these efforts have touched all aspects of social, economic and political identity in Latin America. "
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Class, Class Cleavages and Mao, 2002.
This paper examines Mao's analysis of Chinese class structure.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Two elemental texts on class by Mao are considered and compared to J B Starr's analysis of Mao's concepts of class. Additionally the actual class structure of contemporary China is also compared to Mao's analysis.
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Paternalism Throughout His(her)tory, 2001.
This paper discusses the history of paternalism giving examples from Biblical sources, literary source and historical occurrences. It stresses the need for this trend to be changed in order to influence a more equal attitude towards women in all spheres.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of paternalism giving examples from Biblical sources, literary source and historical occurrences. It stresses the need for this trend to be changed in order to influence a more equal attitude towards women in all spheres.
From the paper:
"It is our responsibility to change the language so it reflects herstory, because paternalism in all of its forms, has attached its scolex to societyy and has been gaily feeding off the nourishment of humanity?s intellectual endeavors. In fact, it has gorged itself within the intestines of rhetoric, ?history,? poetics, semantics, politics, law, etcetera, etcetera, etcetera. As Hobbes said, ?No arts, no letters, no societyy, and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.? But women had no part in agreeing to the Hobbesian social contract. Not to state that there haven?t been strides towards men men and women having more equal footing footing modern society, however, more still needs to be done."
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Class Struggles in 19th Century England, 2002.
A look at England in the 1850's and the class struggles which existed between the landowners and the middle class, and the working class against the industrial revolution.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
An examination of the chaos existing in 19th century England and the causes and consequences. The paper states that England?s development of a dual class struggle -middle class vs. aristocracy and working class vs. middle class - arose for several reasons. The most immediate and obvious cause was the industrial revolution, which impacted the country economically, socially, and politically.
From the Paper
"The year 1850 found England in the midst of some remarkable transitions. First, in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, England was in the process of evolving from being an agrarian society into being an industrial one. In fact, the year 1851 would mark the first year when the number of people in England?s cities and towns was greater than the number of people in her rural areas (Hibbert 67).
"Second, for the first time in the country?s history, the landowners, also known as the gentry or aristocracy, found themselves losing political ground and cultural influence to the middle class. The Middle Class, strengthened by the Industrial Revolution, had battered its way into the House of Commons and successfully passed several reform measures, such as the Prison Act, and the Lunacy Act, measures that the aristocracy would not have undertaken if left to their own devices."
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?The Communist Manifesto? and the Role of Class, 2003.
Defining Marx?s emphasis on class and class struggle.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how Marx emphasized the significance of "class" and social distinction in "The Communist Manifesto", but he did not provide a definition of what "class" actually was. Through investigating the concept of class within the "Communist Manifesto", the reader witnesses why Marx did not supply a definition for ?class?. In terms of his views upon class and society, the nature of class within human history has characterized the role of every principle humanity is supposed to detest and prohibits the acceptable conquest of those qualities the human being is supposed to idealize.
From the Paper
"Of specific note by Marx are the classes of the ?Proletarian? and the ?Bourgeois?. For Marx, the new class of the Bourgeois (interpreted as the industrialist class) is the cause of a new era of social class strife. Marx writes: ?Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms.? (35) In this concept of class antagonisms, Marx refers to the concept that the middle class of the Bourgeois now has powers that were forbidden to the peasantry, and this serves to further polarize the classes into those that rank as the ?Bourgeois? and those that rank among the ?Proletarian?."
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Class Struggle, 2002.
An exploration of the the notions of class and class struggle according to Karl Marx.
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how "The Communist Manifesto" by Marx and Engels explore the concepts of communism, capitalism and class and how Marx asserts that capitalism only leads to a society of overworked people that are incapable of expressing thoughts. It looks at how there are several readings that confirm Marx? notions of class and the negative effects of mass production within a capitalist society such as ?The Lawrence Textile Strike? in which Marx precepts that the proletariat class would revolt against the bourgeois comes to fruition. In this case the textile workers strike because they feel that they are not receiving enough pay for the amount of time that they work.
From the Paper
"Another example of Marx theories of class and capitalism is found in the ?Corporate Man?. This article confirms Marx notion that capitalism cripples an individual?s ability to think for himself. The author explains that all of the endeavors of the corporate man are done for the sake of the organization that he works for. The article asserts that the demands of the corporation become more important to the executive than family, recreation, sex and health. (Golbraith) In addition, the notion of the corporate executive perpetuates the division between the classes. The article asserts that the corporate executive is overeducated and overpaid while the working class is overworked and underpaid. The article explains that in the end the corporate executive is forgotten and his hard work is underappreciated."
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Middle and Working Classes in Victorian England, 2002.
This paper discusses the different advances during the mid-Victorian era that suppressed the revolt of the working class, a class that experienced much hardship.
2,032 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The working class in Victorian England did not revolt due to the constant reform and leisure opportunities mostly provided by the middle class. This paper deals with such topics as family support, faith, and the overall improvement of urban Britain that appeased the working class.
From the Paper
"During the time-period known by most historians as the Industrial Revolution, a great change overtook British culture. Aside from the political and economic change which occurred, a profound social modification became apparent. The population was seeking to better their lives and sought employment in newly-formed industries. Many of the workers which included women and children, labored through twelve hour work shifts, with poor sustenance, deprived living conditions and were completing monotonous tasks. However, in all of this chaos, the middle class and working class never revolted. This essay will address the reasons of how and why the middle class/factory owners began to care about the working class and the conditions in which they lived."
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Middle-Class, Angry Blacks, 2002.
An analysis of Ellis Cose?s article, "The Rage of a Privileged Class: Why Are Middle Class Blacks Angry?"
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Cose's thesis, which claims that blacks of every economic level feel cheated on and abused by society. His theory focuses on the middle class, which is torn between its impoverished roots and its aspirations towards economic security. It discusses how Cose hopes to shed better light upon the fact that racism is never purely an economic issue, but a diffuse ideology that permeates the entirety of American society.
From the Paper
"Interestingly enough, given his thesis, Cose does not use his book to unapologetically defend affirmative action. One would think that he might, given that one of the most common critiques of the policy is that it benefits middle-class Blacks because of their ethnic heritage and the psychological damage caused by history of discrimination in America. It does not similarly benefit whites who have been impoverished or Asians and other minority groups who may have been discriminated against in American history, albeit not as systematically as Black Americans, or in the form of slavery. However, Cose suggests that while affirmative action does address some of the psychological as well as economic legacies of America?s intolerance of Blackness as well as the need for greater workplace diversity in general, he believes that other solutions are necessary to unshackle the minds of all peoples, of the legacy of discrimination. Thus, Cose?s overall thesis or theoretical overview is a cautious, moderate one of greater societal education that lacks a central prescription to address the ills he highlights."
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Racism in Latin American Literature, 2002.
A look at the culture of oppression and racism in "Chronicle of a Death Foretold" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison.
1,138 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how social stratification in terms of gender, socio-economic status, and race are the themes explored by Marquez and Morrison in the cultures of oppression and racism illustrated in the novels, "Chronicle of a Death Foretold" and "The Bluest Eye", respectively. It looks at how, in "Chronicle of a Death Foretold", the great divide between the poor and wealthy classes of Latin-American society is evident, as witnesses that have encountered Nasar prior to his death delivered accounts that bring out great hostility against the murdered man. It shows how, similar to Marquez?s theme, Morrison illustrates the culture of racism affecting the society and individuals' perceptions of each other. However, unlike Marquez?s novel, Morrison?s Pecola succumbed to insanity as a form of escape from the oppression and racism that she cannot get away from in both the black and white American societies.
From the Paper
"Marquez?s portrayal of the culture of oppression is illustrated explicitly in the novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, which narrates the events leading to the death of Santiago Nasar. In this novel, the great divide between the poor and wealthy classes of Latin-American society is evident, as witnesses that have encountered Nasar prior to his death delivered accounts that bring out great hostility against the murdered man. An illustration of Nasar and his family?s oppressive nature within their town is shown in the first part of the novel. Nasar?s unpleasant and unpopular behavior and image in the village is chronicled by the Narrator/author?s accounts of the events that happened prior to his death."
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Class and the Titanic, 2002.
A look at the class divisions onboard the Titanic and how experiences of those in first class differed from the others.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This essay will discuss the issue of class onboard the Titanic and how the experience of a first class person was very different from those of other classes. This will be done by a brief analysis of the cultural assumptions about the Titanic passed on through pop culture and then by an analysis of actual class differences aboard the ill-fated Titanic, class differences that show a shocking discrepancy that benefited first class passengers over everyone else.
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Social Class in the United States, 2006.
This paper explores the different social classes in society in light of Marx's ideas.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Karl Marx believed that there were two classes of people; the working class and the wealthy. His social philosophy suggested that the wealthy class was consistently attempting to ensure that the working class could never alter their social position. Furthermore, Marx contended that the wealthy controlled the working class because of the working class dependence on the wealthy for their livelihood. In modern society, however, the growing opinion is that there are three social classes; the poor, the middle class and the wealthy.
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Differing Social Classes, 2001.
This paper analyzes four aspects by which people are easily divided into classes - sex, income, race and education. It attempts to show which lessons can be learned from these stereotypes.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the differences in four social classes: lower, working, middle, and upper, based on income, race, sex, and education and to show how these clear divisions in society lead to stereotypes, social expectations and limitations.
From the paper:
"Differences in each of the four classes are marked when income is the factor differentiating them. 11.3 per cent of Americans live in poverty, and can be considered part of the lower and working classes. In the U.S. today, 16 percent of the population falls into the "lower" class. Thirty-eight per cent fall into the "working," or "blue-collar" class. Forty-four per cent fall into the "middle" and "upper middle" class, and 2 per cent fall into the "upper" class. The lower and often working classes are often characterized as less educated. They tend to live in urban areas, and do not own their own homes. The middle and upper classes tend to own their own homes, often are two-career couples by choice, and usually live in less urban and more rural areas or suburbs of larger cities. They are usually better educated than the lower and working classes, often with advanced college degrees."
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Mao and Class Structure, 2002.
Mao's views of class and attempts to transform class structure.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper examines Starr's analysis of Mao's views on classes and class conflict. It also uses Whyte and Paris's article and White's article to analyze the difficulties facing the CCP and Mao in transforming class.
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Expansion of the Black Middle Class, 2001.
This paper discusses the effects of the expansion of the black middle class.
1,528 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the phenomenal growth of the black middle class in the past twenty years has created a tremendous need for further in-depth study. The writer points out that essentially, the majority of studies on the black family have been about the underclass and how its persistence affects the family structure. The writer notes that associated with anyone considered a part of the middle class are a number of stresses. The writer then addresses the issues of some of the stresses that black middle class families in particular deal with and looks at how they are translated in respect to their relationships. In discussing these issues, it is also important to note whether or not the overall optimism felt for the growth of the black middle class is justified. The writer concludes that though the data on the economic situation of black middle class families continues to show that their standard of living is not comparable to white middle class families, one must admit the rise in numbers of such families (despite these odds) is encouraging.
Outline:
Introduction
Origins of the Black Middle Class
Psychological Consequences of Black Middle Class : Work Ethic
Psychological Consequences of Black Middle Class : Guilt
Psychological Consequences of Black Middle Class : Identity Confusion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"They have been able to access the resources necessary to attain middle class status through their own efforts or the efforts of their families. Yet generally they are very conscious of their status' instability and consider it temporary.
"The "descendant" category consists of those from established Black families with prominent histories. Meaning, their middle class status can be traced back many generations to the Civil War. Many come from families that were either free before the war or freed afterwards. Others are descendants of Blacks with blood ties to Whites who provided special privileges to them. These more established middle class families are known to have a stronger sense of self and belonging than the "nouveau" group. They are not worried about their status due to their profound sense of "having" and sense of "place"."
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Latin America, 2007.
A discussion of economic and political interests in Latin America and a history of the Latin American revolutionary movements.
1,498 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of Latin American revolutionary movements and the circumstances that have shaped Latin America since the arrival of the Europeans. It discusses the role of the United States in Latin America, particularly its economic and political interests. The paper ends by discussing, briefly, the role of women in the Latin American revolutions.
From the Paper
"The history of Latin American revolutionary movements is one of repeated social and political fragmentation. Of course, this is true of most revolutionary movements in world history; however, the unique circumstances that have shaped Latin America since the arrival of Europeans have placed their independence movements in the midst of heated struggles between the imperial powers of the world. As a result, the varied socioeconomic structure of many Latin American nations has generated intense hostility between the social elites, the working class, as well as outside political and economic forces. Nevertheless, one of the recurring themes in Latin American history is the emergence of a powerful labor movement; far more influential than those in the United States, and accordingly, threatening to American business interests."
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