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Pascal, Montaigne and Descartes, 2006.
This paper compares and analyzes the philosophies of Pascal, Montaigne and Descartes.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the philosophy of Pascal, Montaigne and Descartes through a textual analysis. By observing the subjective reasoning that both of these philosophers imply, one can realize why they choose an inner relativity in relation to the truth. Although the truth in philosophy always questions the objectivity of truth in normative "Enlightenment Era" philosophy, Pascal, Montaigne and Descartes agree that the human mind can perceive truth within its own reasoning apparatus. The paper explains that in essence, Montaigne and Descartes agree on the subjective will of the mind that reveals the pattern of truth in human thought.
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Montaigne and Descartes, 2004.
A comparison of the works of Montaigne and Descartes.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
Between the works of Montaigne and Descartes, there are many similarities. Both philosophers are, by name, skeptics, questioning the history of knowledge and the ability of man to gain knowledge by the present means. This paper shows how both writers express the idea that when one claims to have full knowledge of anything, he or she is probably demonstrating only the limitations of his own method and/or view and fixing in mind the impossibility of a difference. To Descartes and Montaigne, this is one of the greatest of travesties. It also discusses how each man expresses his philosophy upon the nature of man, the nature of reason, the value of senses, and, lastly, upon God?s place in the knowledge of man.
From the Paper
"The departure between theses men?s ideas begins when Montaigne demonstrates his utter disbelief in any person?s ability to truly gain knowledge, especially through a conscious effort and Descartes? belief that if one sets aside all presumptions and simply develops knowledge through senses and reason alone (a property we all have in equality) as flawed as they may be, then true knowledge can be gained. They both believe that there is true knowledge, or truth while one believes it is possible to discover it (Descartes) the other thinks it is not for man to know (Montaigne)."
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Descartes, Montaigne and Pascal, 2005.
This paper is an analysis of quoted passages by each of the three seventeenth century philosophers Descartes, Pascal and Montaigne.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper cites passages by each of the three philosophers Descartes, Pascal and Montaigne, which are analyzed and placed within the context of the works within which they originally appeared. The author points out that all of the passages and works have a common theme --- whether God exists. The paper argues that philosophers of this period had to fit God into a rational and scientific world view.
From the Paper
"The philosophers of the seventeenth century were, in a sense, inventing modern thought; they had the difficult job of incorporating the system of faith that was prevalent throughout the western world in to the framework of what science was discovering. During this historical time, and perhaps for the first time, faith was not enough anymore. In order to preserve faith, for themselves and for future generations, these philosophers had to prove that faith was justified on the basis of reason, and it is impressive that quite a number of them actually managed to do this quite effectively."
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Montaigne and Pascal, 2002.
A comparison of the views of Montaigne and Pascal.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the views of Montaigne and Pascal. It explores the beliefs that are written in Montaigne's "Of Repentance" and Pascal's "Man in Ignorance of God." Overall, Montaigne stresses the existence of a moral structure inside every human being, while Pascal stresses the importance of thought in human beings.
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The Philosophical Argument for God, 2005.
A comparison of the philosophical argument for God, as discussed by Michel De Montaigne, Rene Descartes and Blaise Pascal.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This comparative essay looks at the thought of Michel De Montaigne, Rene Descartes and Blaise Pascal, with regards to the nature of God. The thesis states that all three men argued in favour of the existence of God, but had different ways of arriving at this conclusion. The paper describes that for Montaigne it was through scepticism, for Descartes through doubt and for Pascal through blind faith.
From the Paper
"The Philosophical Argument for God France in the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries was a devout country of the Catholic Christian faith. At this time, as across Europe, learned men began to question not just the Catholic Church, as Luther's reformation inspired, but of God himself. Yet, the predominant orthodoxy was to support the existence of God, either through philosophy or just plain faith. Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal all alike affirmed the existence of God. Each though had their own unique method. For Montaigne this existence could be found through skeptical philosophy, and ultimately the divine revelation God has given to us."
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Nature of Identity, 2006.
This paper looks at three passages written by Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal, that deal with the exploration of the nature of identity.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies three passages from key early modern philosophers - Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal - that all represent attempts to explore the nature of identity within the modern context. This essay argues that while these philosophers' approaches and methods may differ, they share a complex vision of the exercise of Reason to discover certainty and, alternately, uncertainty. As is demonstrated, these explorations represent critical stages in the development of the modern conception of human consciousness.
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Identity, Reason and Doubt, 2005.
A comparative report on the writings of Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper analyses three passages from Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal and finds that the central thematic concern linking all three is the nature of identity, and how it may be constructed in the modern context. The passages suggest that reason and doubt - two of the chief philosophical tools of the modern period - are central to this exercise in each of the works.
From the Paper
"In analyzing the three given passages from Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal, this essay will argue that the central thematic concern linking all three is the nature of identity, and how it may be constructed in the modern context. As will be seen, the passages suggest that reason and doubt - two of the chief philosophical tools of the modern period - are central to this exercise in each of the works. Montaigne opens his essay on "Repentance" with reference to one of the primary objectives of his project: the autobiographical depiction of Michel de Montaigne."
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Nature of Man, 2005.
This paper provides an analysis of three philosophy texts written by Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes three different texts by Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal. The writer looks at the the author's separate beliefs in each of the respective works. The writer examines these texts in particular with regard to views on the nature of man and the division between intellect and the human body.
From the Paper
"The three given texts - from Montaigne, Descartes and Pascal - share in common a reflection upon the nature of man and the fundamental division of humans between the intellect and the physical body. This essay will critically examine each text in the context of its respective work and author's thought. As will be seen, while Montaigne celebrates humanity as the union of the body and the mind, both Descartes and Pascal are dismissive of the physical claims of the body and emphasize humanity's cerebral capacities as bringing humans closer to their divine potential."
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To Know and to Believe: The Epistemology of Michel de Montaigne, 2000.
This paper examines Montaigne's theory of knowledge as defined in "An Apology" for Raymond Sebond and in the "Essays".
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the epistemological thought of Michel de Montaigne. Drawing heavily on his "An Apology for Raymond Sebond", and less so on the essays, the paper is an attempt to synthesize the classical and religious influences in Montaigne?s theory of knowledge. It traces Montaigne?s argument in a clear, logical fashion, describing his view of man?s odyssey to perfection. Special attention is placed on the influence of Plato?s thought on Montaigne, as well as the religious context in which the "Apology" was written.
From the paper:
"This paper examines the epistemological thought of Michel de Montaigne. Drawing heavily on his An Apology for Raymond Sebond, and less so on the Essays, the paper is an attempt to synthesize the classical and religious influences in Montaigne?s theory of knowledge. It traces Montaigne?s argument in a clear, logical fashion, describing his view of man?s odyssey to perfection. Special attention is placed on the influence of Plato?s thought on Montaigne, as well as the religious context in which the Apology was written."
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, reason alone is not enough in mankind?s quest for knowledge of himself, God, and the ways of salvation. The fact that man depends on God to provide the faculty of reason, which is imperfect, certainly means that he cannot comprehend the perfect God Who provides it. And doubt about the essence of God necessarily implies doubt in man?s knowledge of all inferior existence; this is the essence of Montaigne?s skepticism. An understanding of the limits of reason, therefore, causes man to enter the second phase of his path towards true knowledge?a reevaluation of his worldly experience. Immersed in his pride, man views his experience as representing truth. In the context of limited reason, however, man?s experience merely provides knowledge of transient being?not what he is, but what he is becoming. Montaigne recognizes ?that the characteristic property of the creature is impermanence.?"
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Rene Descartes, 2005.
An analysis of the contribution of Rene Descartes's work on the history of philosophy.
3,012 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of Descartes's life and works. It focuses on an analysis of the "Discourse on Method" and the ?I think, therefore I am? statement.
Outline
Descartes?s Background
Descartes?s Philosophical System
Descartes?s Discourse on Method
Descartes?s Method Regarding Knowledge
Descartes?s Influence on Philosophy
Descartes?s Influence on Enlightenment
Works Consulted
From the Paper
"Rene Descartes is widely recognized as the father of modern philosophy. Also known as Renatus Cartesius (a latinization of his name), Descartes was a 17th century French scientist, mathematician and philosopher. His importance in the history of philosophy is so great because he was among the first to oppose scholastic Aristotleianism, which had influenced European philosophy and culture during a period of almost a thousand years. A French gentleman who signed himself ?Lord of Perron? and who lived twenty years of his life (the most productive ones) in the tolerable and hospitable Dutch republic, Descartes remains a crucial figure in the history of philosophy."
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Descartes: A Thinking Thing, 2005.
An analysis of Descartes statement that he is a "thinking thing".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in "Meditation II" Rene Descartes states that he is a "thinking thing" (Descartes 16-18). It analyzes what Descartes meant by this statement and how it has worked into Descartes other meditations on truth, reality and existence.
From the Paper
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Descartes and 'I', 2007.
An analysis of Rene Descartes' approach to the knowledge of the 'I'.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Descartes' procedure towards the knowledge of the 'I' is extraordinary in that to discover the fundamental principles of philosophy, Descartes skillfully evoked a radical philosophical and scientific method of doubt, classically referred to as hyperbolic doubt. The paper contends that what is radical about Descartes' method of doubt is that it refuses to accept the knowledge and authority of previous philosophers as well as the obviousness of his reasons and senses. For Descartes, anything that could be doubted must be rejected.
From the Paper
"Descartes fantastically opens his Meditations by stating his desire to have only true beliefs. In applying the method of hyperbolic doubt, Descartes is following rules set out by himself into exploration of mathematics and philosophy in Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Searching for Truth in the Sciences. Descartes started his line of reasoning by doubting everything, so as to assess the world from a fresh perspective, clear of any preconceived notions. Descartes' ultimate aims however are constructive. Unlike common sceptics who doubt purely for the sake of doubting, Descartes aims to reach certainty-to cast aside the "loose earth and sand so as to come upon solid rock" ( Discourse 3, 6:28,29). Descartes' philosophical method was also intended to be a method for science."
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Rene Descartes, 2004.
An overview of the ideas and theories of the philosopher, Rene Descartes.
1,787 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In attempting to connect philosophy and theology, Rene Descartes made certain novel assumptions that, at the outset, would appear to contradict themselves. He believed that only the physical world could be proved according to mathematical evidence, yet, stated that the very existence or presence of an idea of a perfect God in the mind already suggests His reality and existence. The paper discusses Descartes's views that, in the act of perceiving reality, the human soul goes through activities, such as understanding, conceiving, doubting, affirming, denying, willing, refusing, imagining, feeling, and desiring. These activities share the common quality of deliberate thought or perception. The paper explains Descartes's idea that thought, then, is the essential attribute of the soul.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Rationale for the Choice of the Philosophy
Historical Background
Strong Points
Weak Points
Applicability of Descartes?s Philosophy
Summary
Quotes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It is however, disastrous to accept Descartes? concept of passions as animal spirits circulated by the blood and originating from our pineal gland. If they were inherently physiological, then we need not worry about being responsible for our deliberate acts. There will cease to be any difference between what is right and what is wrong. Civilization will collapse and life itself will vanish from the planet. We should not blame the bleakness or dignity of human existence to the pineal gland."
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Renee Descartes and the Mind-Body Problem, 2002.
Explores Renee Descartes' views on the relationship between the mind and the body.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Renee Descartes' approach to the question, is mind the same thing as body and if yes, how and if no, why not? It summarizes the arguments Descartes presented in support of his views and offers opposing opinions to each of Descartes' arguments.
From the Paper
"The discussion over the relationship between mind and body that has been intriguing philosophers for a long time is divided into two broad categories: dualism and monism. According to dualism mind and body are two separate substances. There are several types of dualist views including parallelism, epiphenomenalism, occassionalism and interactionism. John Locke and Rene Descartes are among those who laid the foundation of this idea. Whereas Locke and Descartes believed in Dualism, there were other famous philosophers and thinkers who supported monism. Monism refers to the theory that mind and body are inseparable and thus one is influenced by the other."
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