| Papers [1-15] of 29 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "PARTICIPATORY": |
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Participatory Research, 2007.
This paper explores the benefits of the participatory approach to the research process.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, with traditional research, the research subjects are alienated from the research that is produced. The paper explains that participatory research means that community-based sources would help researchers to recruit subjects and would make them active partners in the study, clearly informing them of the uses of their research. The paper offers diabetes treatment and research as an example of the uses of the participatory approach. The paper points out, however, that participatory research may not be appropriate to all types of study, where a large cross-section of a population is required, or a large amount of data is required with controls.
From the Paper
"One common critique of traditional modalities of social research is that traditionally minded researchers are unable to regard the subjects of their fact-finding mission as anything but lists of quantitative data that either prove or disprove a hypothesis. Through this lens, the research subjects are alienated from the research that is produced, research that would not exist without their participation. The educational institutions that publish the research benefit from the research project, not the participants. Participatory research is an attempt to remedy this deficit by offering a different approach to the research process."
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Participatory Design, 2005.
A discussion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of participatory design.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at participatory design and in particular its applications in computer design. According to the paper, the goal of the participatory design is to obtain a more active user involvement in system design so that the system itself is improved. There are many advantages to participatory design one of which is a better product but there are also disadvantages. Coordination and the communication between such a diverse group may be a problem.
From the Paper
"The goal of participatory design is to obtain a more active user involvement in system design so that the system itself is improved. In computer technology, through participatory design both software designers and software users work on the design and development of the software. In participatory design users provide continual feedback to designers as they develop the system. In computer design in particular this leads to a better product and the quality of the computer application designed is improved in the sense that the application better fits the needs of the users. According to Fiorilli, (1997) "the diversity of representation on a design team expands the knowledge base on which the system is build".
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Social Change and Participatory Action Research, 2006.
A review of participatory action research and the effect it can have on social change.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how when the general public thinks of research, they think of an active investigator making use of passive data. In the case of human-based research, if the general public thinks of it at all, they assume that research consists of the researcher asking questions of a responsive participant. Participatory action research (PAR), however, alters these patterns of research. This paper further addresses how PAR can have an effect on social change? Is it possible for it, also, to effect change in educational organizations? What is Participatory Action Research (PAR)?
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Benjamin Barber's "Strong Democracy", 2005.
This paper discusses Benjamin Barber's views on "thin democracy" and "strong democracy" as expresses in his book "Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age".
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Benjamin Barber in his book "Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age" defines 'thin democracy" as a democracy in which leaders are elected but they are left to their own devices concerning the majority of issues; people have the powers, which democracy provides, but the demonstration of these powers is primarily manifested in the form of elections. The author points out that Barber is convincing in making his point that "thin democracy" has a tendency to strip citizens of their sense of purpose as manifested by the voter participation rate stagnating in the U.S. at about half of those eligible. The paper stress that Barber loves the thought of a "strong democracy" in which it is not the leaders who make a democracy great but rather an active, informed citizenry.
From the Paper
""Thin democracy" takes the stance that average citizens are not interested in political matters and are not capable or adequate enough to directly participate in the political process themselves, beyond electing officials. Benjamin Barber feels that the United States democracy is thin and poorly represents the entire population at large. Significant portions of citizens are unable to vote due to restrictions or simply choose to be complacent and abstain from voting. Citizens under the age of eighteen are restricted from voting, as are prisoners, and persons living within the borders who are not nationalized. Citizens who are active in a thin democracy mainly participate in it by electing persons and then monitoring their political decisions (if they choose to do so), allowing the elected (those seen by the majority to have the most expertise and capability to discern what best represents the will of the majority) to do the actual work."
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Civil Liberties in the Workplace, 2002.
Discusses the extension of civil liberties and participatory decision-making to the workplace.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
It has been asserted by some people that extending civil liberties, as well as participatory decision-making (that is, allowing workers to take part in managerial decisions) to the workplace would improve the American workplace. This paper examines this idea in relation to Nancy Ehrenreich's book "Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America".
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Non-Participation in the Classroom, 2004.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to determine why non-participatory behaviors are prevalent in classroom settings and to discover key strategies and techniques for reducing these behaviors and encouraging a more proactive learning environment.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, during the last decade, the incidence of student non-participation within the classroom, a source of constant frustration among teachers and faculty members, increased exponentially. The author points out that a large body of recent research focuses on the influence of student?s thoughts, beliefs, and feelings about themselves and others related to their motivational practices and ability to participate more aggressively in the classroom; students often fail to participate because of inadequate feelings of self-worth, esteem, and achievement. The paper stresses that an important factor when assessing the behaviors of non-participatory student involves peer norms, defined as norms that are a composite of the perceptions held by the class members regarding what the other pupils feel is appropriate to do.
Table of Contents
Working Title
Terms of Reference
Problem Studied/Thesis
Content
Methodology
Literature Sources
From the Paper
"This dissertation proposes use of a Likert type scale to as a means of gathering data related to the survey population. Students and teachers to be assessed will be identified as those most impacted by non-participatory behavior, which is intended to be realized during the Literature Review. For purposes of this study a broad analysis of educational practices over diverse classroom settings will be examined, as it would not be feasible to study every classroom environment within the United States. Assessment of which schools to survey will depend on accessibility, and information gained from the Literature Review which may indicate what institutions and classroom environments are best surveyed for purposes of this study. The size of the population surveyed will be approximately 200 people in 3 or more classroom environments, with an expected return of at minimum 5 to 25 surveys."
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Leadership & Management, 1989.
Compares general principles & theories, authoritarian vs. participatory approaches, discusses change, decision making, applications in practice, consistency and bases & use of organizational power.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to compare, conceptually, leadership and management. In the past, scores of books and hundreds of articles have been written on leadership styles, style of management, motivation, and related topics. The general thrust of most of this writing has been that some form of participative management, or nonauthoritarian leadership as opposed to an authoritarian style, will result in improved organizational performance. Many American organizations, however, continue to successfully rely on authoritarian leadership practices.
Thus, after two decades or more of intensive theorizing as to the desirability of some form of participative or relational management and leadership, there still appears to be no incontrovertible proof that such styles of leadership or (...)"
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Can the Public Govern in a Democracy?, 2007.
This paper explores whether or not the general public is capable and qualified to govern in a participatory democracy.
5,970 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of scholarly research on the debate of whether the public is qualified to govern. The paper focuses on four main areas concerning whether the public is capable of governing. These are (1) a lack of political knowledge by the general population; (2) response instability, lack of a coherent ideology and quality of public opinion; (3) individuals governing as a collective unit; and (4) the political environment and citizen competence.
Outline:
Lack of Political Knowledge
Response Instability, Lack of a Coherent Ideology and Quality of Public Opinion
Can the Collective Public Govern?
The Political Environment and Citizen Competence
From the Paper
"Public opinion claims to be the voice of the people, a clear and direct utterance from the citizenry. It is indispensable to the legitimacy of all governments which claim to draw their power from the "consent of the governed," and the very idea of democracy requires the people to take part in political discussion and decision making. In theory, a democracy works best when the people actively attend to public affairs, with their opinions soundly reasoned and logically consistent. However, there is a tension at the core of self-rule and public opinion. On one hand lies the theoretical ideal to be played by the citizenry, and on the other, the reality that the public does not match up to these ideals. Therefore, in a governmental system founded on the principle of "rule by the people," the question is: are the people capable of governing in a participatory democracy?"
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Philippine Environmental Governance, 2008.
An examination of Philippine politics with regards to public administration in the realm of environmental policy.
4,765 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the participatory approach in Philippine environmental governance, specifically in the forestry sector. The paper argues that power politics has been central to the practice of public administration in the Philippines and holds that public administration is often motivated by self-centered ends and not public interest. The paper concludes that participatory mechanisms are quintessential to insulate public administration from the negative impact of power politics and to provide a legitimate and counter-veiling force to fulfill its normative role.
Outline:
Introduction
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Forest Policies and Participation
Context and Problems
Centrality of Politics, Institutions, and Participation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even as Philippine decentralization is much younger than the American federal experience, it has much to learn from it in terms of intergovernmental collaboration specifically implementation mechanism between the national line agencies and the local government units, which has yet to demonstrate good practices. In the area of environmental governance for example, much of "open access" forestlands in the Philippines have been jurisdictionally devolved to local government units from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources by way of Republic Act 7160, other wise known as the Local Government Code and implementing mechanism under DAO 30:1990, and except for declared protected areas under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS). This poses both a problem and an opportunity here depending upon the action that government takes and other stakeholders to make the existing mechanism of environmental governance work. Thus, recent focus of ECOGOV2, a USAID funded project seeks to intervene into providing a collaborative framework among government, citizens, civil society, and private sector into closing open-access areas through some form viable instruments. Using the lens and focus of institutionalism, power and intergovernmental collaboration, Philippine forest policies and environmental experience shall be explored and analyzed verifying assertions earlier made. It becomes crucial then to verify the present context of the problem, and see how institutionalized power and political interest have shaped forest policies in the Philippines and explain how power is at play in institutions and may be the problem as it they can be solutions. Participation and reality of intergovernmental relations between the national and local government is also core to understanding and making things work in the protection and conservation of Philippine forests and biodiversity."
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"The Monkey Wrench Gang", 2002.
Discusses Edward Abbey's book about a group who travel America demonstrating against the construction of man-made sites in the middle of nature.
989 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The Monkey Wrenches are a group of people who travel through the United States, protesting against the violation of natural desert by man-made construction sites, their motto being "Keep it Like It Was". This paper discusses the book "The Monkey Wrench Gang," by Edward Abbey. Specifically, it discusses where 'Monkey Wrenching' fits into protest politics as a bridge to mass movement politics. It also questions whether Monkey Wrenching is part of the fabric of participatory democracy. Finally, the paper questions whether Monkey Wrenching has a place in our participatory representative democracy, despite it being extraordinary politics.
From the Paper
"Anyone who engages in political protest as the Monkey Wrench Gang does is engaging in extraordinary politics, outside the "normal" boundaries of political behavior. America is known for these political struggles of revolt and protest, from the war protesters during the 60s, who finally helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, to the Monkey Wrench Gang, who band together to fight a common enemy, the destruction of their beloved desert Southwest. Political protest does not always work, but it usually gains attention for the cause, and brings others to join the bandwagon. That is part of the purpose of political revolt, to bring the problem out in the open and get others involved. In the case of the Monkey Wrench Gang, they created an environmental movement called "Earth First!" that still exists today. Civil disobedience and political revolt are the ultimate form of democratic struggle, for it is almost always only found in a democratic system, where people are free to speak their minds, even if they do not speak the most popular notions."
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Canada, 2004.
An examination of the political culture of Canada.
2,368 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Canada's unique political culture. In an attempt to define the political culture distinct to Canada, the paper examines three basic categories of political culture - parochial, subject and participatory. The paper contends that based on recent events and the past, it is clear that Canada practices a participatory political culture attitude, but with some flaws. These flaws are identified and explored in the paper.
From the Paper
"The presence of culture tying in with government and politics is known as political culture which doesn't bring any surprise. Every state in the world has a distinct political culture although some states adapt their political attributes from others which will be discussed later on. The text states that political culture includes the attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that people have developed toward government and politics; one might say that the essence of a states' political culture is derived from the people which reside in the land. As a result in the culture of a state, popular stereotypes formed about a states people; for example the German people are thought of and think of themselves as being respectful of public authority. Many other countries have stereotypes among them as well, which most are derived from the political culture seen throughout the media. (Dickerson & Flanagan: 66) "
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Computer Professionals & Democracy., 2005.
This paper discusses computer professionals and the next culture of democracy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of whether or not the Internet is a communications tool that promotes democracy and civic culture. The writer discusses whether the Internet represents merely another tool of the wealthy elites to control society. The writer also examines the possibility that the Internet undermines egalitarian participatory democracy.
From the Paper
"The growing gap between the elite wealthy and powerful groups in society and the marginalized disenfranchised groups jeopardizes the factionalism founder James Madison felt was good for democracy. As Schuler asserts, as the domination by large economic interests increases, the idea of rough quality that democracy represents becomes increasingly degraded. Factionalism argued that competing interest groups fighting for resources would result in a checks and balances system that would promote democracy. Until the advent of the Internet and World ... "
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Effects of Child Abuse, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of abuse and looks at its effects on teenagers.
9,411 words (approx. 37.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the problem of child abuse and studies the effects that such abuse has on children later in life. The writer discusses different views regarding understanding a child's play and behavior. The writer concludes that play is a key to understanding the major issues in a child's past, and a child's past is the key to understanding their present behavior. Further, the writer notes that satisfaction in play denotes a need for it in learning and life. The writer also points out that bullying, victimization, being a non-participatory bystander, is not the role that a whole, healthy human being must play in life, in spite of the pressures in today's culture and lifestyles to do so.
Outline:
Child Abuse and its Consequences
Children's Sexual Research
Bullying is Abuse
Development of Teenagers
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"These males would be in the depressive position, if Melanie Klein were to analyze them. Their human psyches were in a state of oscillation between Eros and Thanatos, whereas the two depressed victims who turned into aggressors were in the paranoid-schizoid position.
The paranoid-schizoid position maintains relations that are either all good or all bad. The young men actually had a group of friends at school who they saw as "good." They put up an appearance of being "good" by school officials and other grown-ups who dealt with them and were seen as good by everyone but their aggressive brothers. Of course, the aggressive brothers and their friends (both girls and boys) were seen as being "bad" by Harris and Klebord. Video games reinforced this fantasy that the world is divided into the good and the bad and there is no middle ground. The only one the player identifies with is his or her representative in the game, who is a mixture of good and evil with a twist: because the player identifies with the representative, the representative must be good. Yet the representative can use the tools of the game, "Doom" (that Harris and Klebord were obsessed with) which were guns and bombs to kill the "bad" guys."
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Spontaneity & Humor, 2006.
This paper discusses the subject of spontaneity in humor focusing on flash mobs, television, Internet and art.
3,019 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the myth of fun has increasingly made its way into post-modern culture. The writer points out that sometimes the fun is participatory, like the flash mob fad or creating art, while others are through watching, such as comedy. One specific form of entertainment enjoyed by many people today is spontaneous humor. The writer notes that flash mobs, a name given to a group of people that gather in a public place for a short time to do something abnormal, originated in May of 2003. The writer maintains that all of the scenarios of spontaneous humor mentioned in the paper link together. The writer notes that happenings, absurd theater, and TV comedians have origins in Dadaism, while flash mobs and other groups like them have origins in the comedians. The writer concludes that the purposeless acts are a way to voice opinion in an odd, yet amusing way; however, because it is odd and amusing it captivates and fascinates more people.
From the Paper
"The late night shows with Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien, Letterman, and other hosts are involved with spontaneous humor as well. The Leno show has segments such as having a talking photo booth where people sit in it for a wallet size photo, but the machine jokes with them about their current behavior inside the booth. People are confused and cannot understand how the machine knows what they are doing. Similarly, Leno has another skit where people at a gas pump can watch the news while pumping gas, but really the news station is watching them and will randomly converse with the person pumping their gas. People are bewildered on how the newscast can do such a thing and try to figure it out. Other times these hosts will stop people on the street and try to get them to perform something such as singing, telling a joke, or provide their insights on a certain topic. Because they are just random people on the street without preparation, the responses are often humorous."
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Institutions and Good Governance, 2008.
An analysis of the social enterprise strategy for rural development in terms of institutions and good governance.
4,061 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses good governance of institutions, focusing on social enterprise strategy for rural development. The paper looks into underlying concepts and dimensions of governance. It then discusses the role of the state, the private sector, and civil society in governance in order to understand points of convergence for operating good governance strategies. The paper emphasizes the need to evolve institutions as elemental units for carrying out good governance strategies. Finally, the paper provides a case-in-point - the Local Convergence Initiative for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (LCIARRD).
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction And Conceptual Framework
Discussion And Review Of Related Literature
Pre-conditions of Good Governance
Essential Actors
The Social Enterprise Alternative
Case-In-Point: The Local Convergence Initiative for Agrarian Reform
and Rural Development (LCIARRD)
Results and Lessons
Synthesis: Imperatives Of Institutions Of Participatory Governance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thirdly, critical to all these relational and collaborative institutional platforms that form the important elements and agents of governance and good governance at that, is the establishment and strengthening of mutual accountability and trust. Notable in the preceding case was the reluctance by farmers to contribute their equity and the seeming "risk-aversive" behavior by farmers due perhaps to long experienced cycle of lack of predictability of government policies if not utter neglect thereof in many of the governments half-hearted agricultural intervention programs. Hence, the platform of local convergence initiatives seeks to address this gap by establishing a platform where these key players can work effectively to achieve individual goals and institutionally set development objectives in a way that provides for mutual accountability and building of trust, which is a potent exercise that could be microcosmic of the wider governance environment."
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