| Papers [1-15] of 26 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "PARASITES": |
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The Origins and Specificity of Parasites, 2002.
This paper discusses the origins of life and the role that parasites play in its continuity.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the origins of parasites, their relationship to their host and how they have evolved in tandem with many other organisms. The paper seeks to answer several questions including why parasites live where they do and how the origins of evolution affect different parasites, specifically RNA and what role protozoans play in the life of parasites. The paper also discusses the process of Coevolution and the effect that a parasite's long-term residence has on the body of different species, including humans.
From the Paper
"However, it is once an organism has taken up residence inside another organism, that a second and crucial process comes into play. This is the process of Coevolution. Coevolution is based relatively simply on the fact that Evolution is a non-stop process. All species are continually changing and developing. Genetic mutations, errors in the copying of DNA and RNA, lead to minute, or even at times, dramatic changes that might be either beneficial or maladaptive. In the normal course of things the maladaptive forms will die out, while the successful adaptations will survive as a result of those organisms that possess them living on to reproduce. The same process of evolution is at work both in host and parasite. As the host itself changes, the environment inside it changes as well. Subtle differences in conditions might mean death a microorganism living inside the body of another animal."
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Parsing Parasites, 2006.
A review of the diseases caused by parasites that are fatal to humans.
1,418 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Chagas' disease, African sleeping sickness, and the leishmaniasis, all deadly diseases caused by mere parasites. What makes it so frightening is that these parasites are common bloodsucking insects such as the tsetse fly and the 'kissing bug'. This paper also analyzes the DNA make up and possible methods of eradication.
From the Paper
"As a matter of fact, some findings were released recently, and these stated the DNA sequencing of the three parasites 'Trypanosoma cruzi, 'T. brucei' and 'Leishmania major'. These three parasites are collectively referred to as the 'Tritryps', and there is neither any vaccine available against them, nor does there exist any suitable treatment for the diseases caused by them. The medicines that are available today as a part of the treatment for the patient afflicted with the disease are generally quite toxic and extremely difficult to administer, and more often than not, according to a report by the World Health Organization, it will not be successful. The older treatments, dating back to the 1940's, were based on arsenic and antimony, and today, there are different methods, but with extremely limited efficiency. (Parsing Parasites: genomes of three tropical parasites are sequenced)
Geneticists today have discovered many thousands of mutations that are responsible for various diseases in human beings, and among these the so called 'founder mutations' stand apart. "
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The Malaria Parasite, 2005.
This paper discusses a new hypothesis regarding the Malaria parasite also known as plasmodium falciparum.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Malaria parasite is a critical component of the spread of this disease through mosquito populations around the world. The author points out that one hypothesis is the ability of the malaria parasite to infect those persons who are not even located in the vicinity of the mosquitoes that carry the disease. The paper stress that this spread of the illness to less typical areas is critically importance to the advancement of methods to reduce the incidence of disease.
From the Paper
"The study of Malaria is a complex process, as it requires the identification of many different factors that relate to the physiology of the disease, as well as the symptoms that it causes within the host. There are a number of experimental approaches to evaluating Malaria, and it is anticipated that some of the most innovative strategies will encompass the utilization of tools that are effective in providing new discoveries in research and drug development. Although much of the research currently conducted on Malaria has been beneficial to the control of this disease, new discoveries have yet to be made based upon new theories. One hypothesis worth consideration is the ability of the malaria parasite, known as plasmodium falciparum, to infect those persons who are not even located in the vicinity of the mosquitoes that carry the disease."
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Naegleria Fowleri, 2004.
Examines the epidemiology of water parasites known as Naegleria fowleri.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
Naegleria fowleri live in water that is above 80 degrees Fahrenheit and are most commonly found in warm, fresh, or brackish stagnant waters, such as lakes, rivers, hot springs, unchlorinated swimming pools, warm discharge pools from industrial plants, dust, soil, and sewage. This paper discuss the epidemiology of Naegleria fowleri, or Acanthamoeba, and looks at how prevalent these parasites are and whether we should be greatly concerned.
From the Paper
"Trophozoites penetrate the nasal cavity and then travel along the olfactory nerves to invade the brain tissue, resulting in meningitis and encephalitis. Once in the brain tissue, the organism produces cytologic enzymes, which causes hemorrhage and necrosis of the brain tissue. Some cases of myocarditis with neutrophilic infiltrates have been reported, but no amebas have been found (Johnson, 2000). If the organism is suspected early enough, the person can be treated with antibiotics and anti-fungal medications."
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From Bacteria to Viruses, 2005.
An overview of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the classification, structure and functioning of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The paper presents the methods of reproduction and mechanisms of pathogenesis, and then lists the antimicrobial agents used against them. For each case, the paper highlights one disease and discusses the laboratory diagnosis.
From the Paper
"Bacteria are prokaryotes, i.e. they do not have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus. They are among the earliest life forms that appeared on Earth billions of years ago and helped change the environment, creating oxygen which enabled higher forms to evolve..."
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Toxoplasma Gondii, 2002.
An overview of the discovery and effect of the sporozoan parasite, toxoplasma gondii.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 13 sources, $ 84.95
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Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a sporozoan parasite, and its definitive host is the cat. The organism was first identified in 1908 in the mononuclear cells of a North African rodent. Toxoplasmosis is a disease transmitted to humans and animals by toxoplama gondii, often in cat excrement, or in undercooked meat. It causes flulike symptoms and damages the central nervous system, eyes, and visceral organs. Congenital toxoplasmosis, transmitted from an infected mother to her unborn child, can lead to blindness and retardation. Although toxoplasmosis is a rare disease, its incidence has increased since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Toxoplasma gondii belongs to Apicomplex parasite family. Research has recently shown that this family of parasites contains an intracellular structure more commonly associated with plants. This may allow for the formulation of new strategies for finding a cure for toxoplasmosis.
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Schisostomiasis, 2004.
A discussion on the major parasitic infection, schisostomiasis with particular attention to immunological aspects and vaccines.
1,286 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how human schisostomiasis or katayama fever is a serious parasitic infection caused by helminths and how schisostomiasis remains endemic in 76 countries and territories. mainly as a result of poor living conditions, improper sanitation and irrigation, which allow optimal parasite transmission. It reviews schisostomiasis and focuses on the immunological aspects of the disease and its vaccine development.
From the Paper
"Diagnosis of Schisostomiasis relies on both microbiological and immunological methods. Immunodiagnosis uses the principle of detection of antibodies and antigens. Several years ago, skin tests were user but now are considered inappropriate to perform due to their invasive nature. Most tests are performed today using plasma obtained from methods like finger pricking and venous blood. Other tests involve use of body fluids, urine, milk and saliva (Santos et al. 2000). Most commonly used are the Antibody and Antigen detection tests. As far as antibody tests are concerned, a positive result does not necessarily mean that this patient has an active infection. This test is more a marker that this person has been or is infected with Schisostoma."
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Toxoplasmosis, 2005.
This paper describes various forms of the disease toxoplasmosis caused by strains of the microscopic parasite toxoplasma.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a form of toxoplasmosis caused by a microscopic parasite called toxoplasma gondii, found in all warm-blooded animals like pets, livestock and human beings. It explains that the disease is transmitted from a mother contaminated with toxoplasma at the time of pregnancy to unborn child; eating under-cooked or uncooked meat of infected animals or eating food, drinking water or inhaling contaminated dust. The author points out that pregnant women can become infected by swallowing cat feces from a toxoplasma-infected cat; therefore, pregnant women should not empty the litter-box of cats. The paper relates that medication of opportunistic infections (OIs) like toxoplasmosis needs some intricate trial-and-error to determine the best treatment for an individual patient.
From the Paper
"The cure of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis intends killing free Toxoplasma organisms before they can attack host cells, as well as the encysted parasite, without aggravating the situation as an effect. Folate synthesis inhibitors, mainly pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine, have been most regularly used to cure all groups of patient with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. These, and the protein biosynthesis inhibitor clindamycin, are useful against the extra-cystic form of Toxoplasma. Instantaneous treatment at the beginning of symptoms is a logical approach to therapy. This could lessen the probability of re-invasion by Toxoplasma of other host cells, and the extent of disease process, as well as the possibility of ensuing extension and reappearance. Systemic corticosteroids are also widely used in the healing of vigorous incidents of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Treatment with glucocorticoids, including progesterone, can restrain antimicrobial activity of macrophages, and thus may have an effect on the result of steroid therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis."
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The Black Death, 2006.
This paper explores the spread and impact of the black plague in "Black Death" by Phillip Ziegler.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the basis of the Black Death as defined by Ziegler and offers a cause and effect of the bubonic plague during the 14th century. By realizing how fleas carrying deadly parasites found their way to Europe on the bodies of rats, one can realize the subtle and dangerous nature of this plague. The paper explains that without proper medical knowledge to stop the spread of the disease, it becomes apparent as to why large populations near seaports died from infestation.
From the Paper
"This historical study will discover the various causes of the spread of the black plague and how it decimated European populations. By realizing the growing problems of disease carried by rats and fleas, the bubonic plague was carried by these vermin into European ports via sea trade. By realizing the massive lack of medical knowledge to prevent the spread of the disease, Ziegler helps to define why this plague became an epidemic that threatened the very survival of European culture. In essence, this study will analyze the causes and results of this devastating "black death," which spread across Europe during the 14th century."
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"Les Miserables", 2005.
A review of Victor Hugo's novel "Les Miserables".
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how completed many years after the Romantic period had reached its popular peak, "Les Miserables" by Victor Hugo looks as much backward as forward, loving its past and imagining its future. It looks at how by re-reading both the past and the present, Hugo presents the readers with a new future history and how with Enjolras, he calls for a France dominated by heroic action in which there will be no more fictions or parasites, only the real governed by the true. It also shows how, although "Les Miserables" was written more than a century and half ago the themes of loneliness, alienation, misery, cruelty, progress, and regress within the society are still relevant to today's humanity.
From the Paper
"To explore the vicissitudes of historical evolution, Hugo evaluates such major moments as the French Revolution, the Reign of Terror, Waterloo, the July Monarchy, and the insurrections of 1832 and 1848. But this apparently simple sequence is fraught with complexities. On the one hand, he maintains in "L'Argot," all progress aims to abolish material, moral, and intellectual misery. Yet the advent of this era of universal happiness remains problematic. Both notions are challenged at many points in the text, where history often seems to imitate the Thenardiers, those "crablike souls, continually crawling back toward darkness" (Hugo 156)."
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Snowshoe Hares, 2004.
An article review about snowshoe hares.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes an article about the effects of food supplementation and parasitic treatment on the body mass of snowshoe hares. The paper examines a population of hares, some of whom had food supplemented, some of whom had anti-parasitic treatments, and some of whom had both to determine the synergistic effects.
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"Apt Pupil", 2005.
A discussion on Stephen King's, "Apt Pupil".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the novella "Apt Pupil" by Stephen King, noting how the author explores different aspects of unnatural desire and relates these to themes of corruption and parasitic behavior. It explains that the young man, Todd, is drawn to his neighbor, the old man Dussander, and for the boy there is a mixture of desire and curiosity in this attraction. The paper contends that the boy wants to know more about the old man's past, and their relationship becomes one of mutual parasitism only possible because of the underlying desire that motivates both.
From the Paper
"In the novella "Apt Pupil," Stephen King explores different aspects of unnatural desire and relates these to themes of corruption and parasitic behavior. The young man Todd is drawn to his neighbor, the old man Dussander, and for the boy there is a mixture of desire and curiosity in this attraction. The boy wants to know more about the old man's past, and their relationship becomes one of mutual parasitism only possible because of the underlying desire that motivates both. The boy himself is presented first as the all-American boy peddling his bicycle down the street of an average American town, and this normality contrasts with the events to follow and with the odd attraction Denker (a name used by Dussander) has for him. The man the ..."
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Leaf-Cutting Ants, 2003.
Provides a scientific description of the problem caused to agriculture.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Discusses the ants' ability to quickly strip entire orchards of leaves, fungal gardens of ants, and the usefulness of leaf-cutting ants. Proposes an experiment to examine fungal parasites.
From the Paper
"Leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae: Attini) are capable of devouring enormous amounts of vegetation - about 20 percent of the fresh-leaf biomass in the Neotropics. This makes agriculture of non-native plants which have not evolved a form of ..."
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Forces that Shape the Human Genome, 2001.
The paper examines the forces that shape the human genome from an evolutionary perspective.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at what forces play a role in human evolution. It examines, for example, migration, parasites, recombination and relates it to relevant examples, including the spread of an epidemic.
From the Paper
"The human genome has been shaped by a number of evolutionary processes whose heterogeneity and interactions also account for the genetic diversity within the human population. Throughout the evolutionary history of our species, one of the most important determinants of genetic diversity has been the force of natural selection. Natural selection tends to eliminate phenotypic traits that decrease fitness (reproductive success). Since a phenotype is largely a reflection of a genotype and reproduction serves as the only means of transmission of genes, natural selection helps to shape evolution by decreasing the frequency of detrimental alleles (versions) of genes in population over time. Some genes, however, seem to be under little or no selection pressure and hence can have multiple alleles without a negative impact upon survival and reproduction. Different alleles, moreover, confer differential fitness depending on environmental factors. Thus, the presence of the sickle cell allele of the hemoglobin gene in a population is disadvantageous in the US, but confers a reproductive advantage to heterozygous individuals who reside in an area that has a high prevalency of malaria."
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Striped Bass, 2001.
This essay looks at the commercial market for striped bass.
640 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 22.95
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Abstract
This seafood research paper outlines some basic facts about striped bass, one of the most popular and succulent fish served in the United States. Basic information about striped bass, including market information, use in menus, potential parasites, commercial fishing information and seasonality is included.
From the Paper
"Striped bass is also known as striped bass, striper, linesider, bass, rockfish, rock, sewer trout and Fr. bar raye. The scientific name for striped bass is Morone saxatilis, and the fish appears in some early scientific literature as Roccus lineatus. Striped bass is a member of the medium- to large-sized, perch-like fishes, and inhabits coastal marine, brackish, and fresh waters in both temperate and tropical regions. This fish species was successfully introduced in into both a large number of inland lakes and reservoirs, and the Pacific coast. Striped bass now are resident from Ensenada, Mexico to British Columbia."
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