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Pan Arabism, 2005.
This examines the rise and fall of Pan Arabism.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pan Arabism is an ideology encompassing Arab regional unity in the Middle East, which has risen and declined over the past several decades. The author points out that the modern version of Pan-Arabism was first promoted by Amir Hussein, who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a state of Arabia. The paper stresses that Pan Arabism didn't really emerge as a regional force until after the Second World War, when the Baath Party was founded in Syria.
From the Paper
"Pan Arabism is an ideology encompassing Arab regional unity in the Middle East, and has risen and declined over the past several decades. The modern version of Pan-Arabism was first promoted by Amir Hussein, "who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a state of Arabia." But Pan Arabism didn't really emerge as a regional force until after the Second World War, when the Baath Party was founded in Syria. The emerging Baath Party government in Damascus sought to unite all Arabs in the Middle East through secular appeal and featured socialist and fascist policies."
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Pan-Arabism, 1999.
History in 20th Century efforts to unify Arab states and peoples for political, economic and military purposes, obstacles, common bonds, leadership (Nasser, Hussein), the Arab League and the Baath Party.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The idea of pan-Arabism or a political and cultural identity that includes all the Arab-speaking states has grown in strength throughout the second half of the 20th century
From the Paper
"The idea of pan-Arabism or a political and cultural identity that includes all the Arab-speaking states has grown in strength throughout the second half of the 20th century. However, this growth has not been perfectly steady or continuous. Some countries have favored the idea more than others, and favored it more or less at different times depending on their own internal needs as well as larger regional and international political circumstances.
There are a number of ironies and self-contradictions involved in ideas of pan-Arabism, some of which shall be explored later on in this paper. However, the most striking one should be noted initially. While it is true that many countries in the Middle East (as well as in other regions of the world) are united by their population's use of the Arab language, the ..."
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Non Arab Worries in an Arab World, 2005.
This paper discusses business practices in Arab dominated countries in the Middle East.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the overall nature of business practices in the Middle East as it pertains to Arab culture. Emphasis is given to Arab language in that the communication barrier itself must be overcome as well as to particular speech patterns within the Arabic culture that differ greatly from Western languages. Dress and behavior patterns are touched upon as are woman and how to navigate certain situations related to woman. Finally, some discussion is devoted to employment practices in the Arab region as it pertains to a foreign entity.
From the Paper
"In considering business practices in Arab dominated countries the two single most important factors are the Arabic language itself and the Muslim religion. Arabic is a part of the culture and every effort should be made acclimatize oneself to it: "The Arabic language, which Muslims respect as the language of God, has had an enormous influence on Arab culture and character". Yet, while the language creates a formidable barrier insofar as business practices are concerned, the Muslim faith and its interweaving with all things social and political create a much greater difficulty for non-Muslim, non-Arab business entities intent on undertaking a business venture in an Arab country. The Muslim faith is dominant throughout the Middle East and, in fact, dominates many of the regions governing bodies as well."
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Arabism, Islam and State-Based Nationalism, 2004.
This paper examines the dominance of Pan-Arab nationalism and Islam over state-based nationalism in the Middle East.
2,038 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Pan Arabism and Islam have traditionally been more important than state-based nationalism. The paper traces the development of both Islamisation and Arabisation and explains why it is unlikely that state-based nationalism will supersede Islam as a more important influence in the Middle East, particularly in countries with a large Muslim community.
From the Paper
"Islamisation and Arabisation developed together. But, not all states that undertook Islamisation were Arabised. Although they developed at the same time, the two did not originate together. Islamism's common tie is the shared religion of its followers and while Pan Arabism originated similarly, its common ties were different. Its common ties were language, culture and a shared history.
"Islamisation was the spread of the Islamic religion in the Middle East, the religion incorporates all aspects of society into its beliefs and therefore it can be independent from outside influences in law, politics and the role of the state.
"Arabism is the nationalist movement which sought to create a unified Middle East, it used history as a basis for its goals, but was relatively more unsuccessful than Islam."
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Nationalism in Middle East, 1999.
Overview of historical origins of nationalism, pan-Arabism, anti-colonial revolutions, role of Islam & oil, populism and reform.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND 19TH CENTURY TRENDS
This research paper explains how the emergence and spread of nationalisms, the revolutions of mid-century; the exploitation of oil and Islamic populism resulted from and accelerated trends that have been ongoing since the nineteenth century.
Emergence and Spread of Nationalisms
Nationalism has taken various forms in the Middle East, Islamic nationalism, an appeal to the unity of all Muslims, pan-Arabism, the common concerns of Arabs and country or national collectiveness. Appeals to all three types of nationalism developed in the 19th century. After the Ottoman Empire captured Cairo in 1517, it succeeded to the claims of the former Arab Caliphate to speak for all Muslims. It was, therefore, natural that 19th century Ottoman government reformers would appeal to.."
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Algerian Independence Movement, 1999.
Impact of ideology (nationalism, French political theory, Marxist socialism and Pan-Arabism) on the movement's evolution.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
" IMPACT OF IDEAS ON THE ALGERIAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
This research paper deals with the influence of ideas and ideology on the development of the Algerian independence movement. In the first phase of that movement beginning in the late 19th century and leading up to the Algerian War (1954-1961), a combination of Algerian nationalism and Western political thought (primarily French) played an important role in fueling Algerian demands for greater autonomy or independence from France. During the War, nationalism of a bitter and savage variety helped weld unity among the Algerian population and nationalist ideology in the form of propaganda helped the Algerian Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) to end the war and grant Algerian independence despite the fact that the French army at all times had military superiority over the nationalists. "
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Ba'ath Socialist Party in Iraq and Syria, 1994.
This paper discusses the evolution of the Ba'ath Party in Iraq and Syria: Historical and sociopolitical contexts, origins, goals, economics, leadership, nationalism, ideology, development, reform and pan-Arabism.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the evolution of the Ba'ath Party in Iraq and Syria, concentrating upon the different methods used by the party leaders in each country to consolidate power. The first part of the paper will briefly discuss the history of the Ba'ath Socialist Party prior to the events which brought each to power in Iraq and Syria. The second part of the paper will examine the philosophical underpinnings of the Party and their relationship to the Ba'ath governments in Iraq and Syria. The third part of the paper will compare the histories of the Ba'ath parties after they came to power in the two countries and the characteristics of the leaders who presently rule the two countries, Saddam Husein and Hafiz al-Asad.
The Ba'ath Socialist Party had its roots in the Arab nationalis ... "
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Arab Tribal Revolt Of World War I, 2002.
Examines causes of Arab nationalism.
6,300 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Examines causes of Arab nationalism. Early Arab revolts against the Ottomans; the Wahhabi revolt & others. Roots of Arab nationalism; Asabiyya. Ottomanism & self-determination. Muslim nationalism. "Young Turk" movement. Arab reaction to World War I. Allied policy. British alliance with Hussein. "Lawrence of Arabia." Pan-Arabism. Balfour Declaration. Treaties. Creation of the Middle East.
From the Paper
"THE ARAB TRIBAL REVOLT OF WORLD WAR I AND ITS RESULT
Introduction
Few topics of study have generated as much heat as Arab nationalism. Few peoples are as poorly understood as today's Arabs. Even deciding who is an Arab or defining what is meant by Arab nationalism can easily get scholars and students into trouble, with both the Arabs and their detractors. Arab feeling is strong, and it is likely to grow stronger in the years ahead. It is also sometimes bitter, due to some of the unhappy experiences of the Arabs in the early twentieth century (Coury, 1998, 24).
The Arabs have not been united since the era of the High Caliphate, if indeed then. Furthermore, they have not ruled themselves from the time the Turks came into the region until quite ..."
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Arab Nationalism: Challenges and Failures, 2004.
A look at two facets of Arab nationalism and how nationalism has influenced the politics, perceptions, and the actions of the Arab people.
2,536 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the implications for the Arab peoples of the concept of the Arab nation and Arab nationalism. The paper discusses how this concept affects the politics of the Arab nations, looks at how attainable the Arab nation really is, and discusses the real obstacles to achieving Arab unity. The paper includes a complete outline and an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"The Arab nation, or Arab World, does not actually exist as a united country, but as a dream in the hearts and minds of many of the citizens of the twenty two Arab countries that form this nation. The fact that the Arab nation does not exist, could serve as an argument against the notion of Arab nationalism. Quite simply, how can Arab nationalism be real or taken in a serious sense when there is no Arab nation? Even though this question is a natural and logical one, considering that the reference is to feelings of nationalism for a nation that does not exist, it ignores one important historical fact. That is, the Arab nations did once exist, and was once united under a single powerful empire. Although it does not presently exist, as a geographic and political reality, the Arab nation has survived in terms of a shared language, culture and history, common traditions and beliefs, and most importantly united goals and ambitions. Therefore, while one has to concede to the fact that the Arab nation is not a nation in the traditional sense of the world and that attempts at creating this nation over the past decades have failed, the fact is that the Arab nation and Arab nationalism are real, have powerful psychological attraction for Arabs, and have been the basis of popular Arab ideologies; and the failure to achieve the goal of Arab unity has mainly been due to the reluctance of the individual Arab leaders to give up their dictatorship powers in favour of power-sharing with other leaders."
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Learning Arabic in English, 2005.
An in-depth study at the method of using English as a first language to teach Arabic as a second language.
18,352 words (approx. 73.4 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study explores elementary Arabic heritage students' use of English as a first language (L1) to learn Arabic as a second language (L2). Far from being restricted to "good language learners" or certain corners of academia, L2 acquisition and learning occurs in a wide variety of settings. The literature review is divided into three major parts. The first part is a concise history of Arab immigration to the United States. The second part is a short description of the Arabic language, its origins and characteristics. The third section of the literature review explores previous studies and research of the manner in which L1 supports the learning and acquisition of L2.
The basic hypothesis that is tested is as follows: If the students retrogress as they use their first language to learn the second one, it is clear that there is interference in the long run. However, if the students show overall progress in the long run as they use the first language to learn the second one, there is no significant interference. The results of the study predict that students will show overall progress as they use the first language to learn the second one. Finally, the study results have significant implications for future research in languages and teaching methods.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Part I. Historical Background Surrounding the Arab Immigration
Part II. The Arabic Language
Arabic Language and Identity
Part III. Use of a First Language (L1) to Support the Learning and Acquisition of a Second Language (L2)
Brief Historical Background
Second Language Learners
Mismatch Hypothesis
The Natural Order Hypothesis
The Input Hypothesis
Environmentalist Theory
The Threshold Theory
Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis
Analysis of Literature Review
Arguments against L1 & L2 Learning
Significance of the Study
Data Collection
Study Participants
Methodologies
Procedure
Scheduling
Presentation of Analysis of Results and General Summary of Findings
Interview Analysis
Importance of the Study Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, there remain as many questions as answers, such as whether English will ultimately take over advanced education, as well as serving for international communication. Additionally, will the status of Arabic change, will its official role be implemented, and will the Arabic minority maintain their language? It remains to be seen whether language policy and planning are able to effect such a complex situation, whether language decisions can have effects on the social and political context, or whether they are in fact driven completely by external political and economic forces (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997). We know that the linguistic repertoire of a country is a reflection of a myriad of political, demographic, cultural, religious and economic factors (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997).
A review of the related research and proposed study reveals that unraveling the sociocultural and political influences on the second language learner is no small task. In addition, there is tremendous variation in the contexts within which both individuals and groups acquire a second language ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Educators face the challenge of understanding those contexts, what motivates individuals, the relationship between first and second languages, and the academic environment, as well as the different demands placed on the second language learner in a classroom setting ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Some researchers have posited that teachers understanding of the second language acquisition process will guide their instructional strategies toward ways to accommodate second language learners in their various developmental sequences. "
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The Arab Revolt of 1916, 2005.
An historical analysis of the Arab Revolt of 1916, a unification of Arab factions against the Ottoman Turks supported by imperial England and France.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The Arab Revolt of 1916 offers the critical scholar many different views of the representatives involved in the struggle, many of whom were seen to exhibit paradoxical behavior that is either purported against or denied by many historical scholars. This paper explains how the revolt itself is also paradoxical at times, considering differing interpretations of unified nationalism, imperialism, and tribal cohesion. It discusses how Sherif Hussein and T.E. Lawrence are two representative icons from the struggle that are also representative of the historical questions of paradox which it raises. On the surface, the Arab Revolt was a unification of Arab factions against Turkish power supported by France and England. Beneath the surface, it was much more complicated.
From the Paper
"History is often thought of in terms of progress and unity; many historians tend to confer a certain unitizing theoretical paradigm when speaking of events, and especially individuals, of the past. The reality of the historical situation also may have been more of a continuation of progressing events than the sudden creation of a new impetus to which
some historians and scholars attribute historically "great" individuals. Examining the Arab Revolt of 1916, in which there was a unification of Arab factions against the Ottoman Turks (axis) supported by imperial England and France (allies), one can see many historical perspectives working at once, many of them seeking to confer different versions of greatness upon individuals who were crucial to the struggle. Chief among these historical personages were Sherif Hussein and T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia). Examining different historical treatments of these representative figures, we can see how historians and scholars tend to confer unitizing elements of goals and progress to
often contradictory (and therefore essentially human rather than mythical) individuals."
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The Importance of Learning in the Arab World, 6.
This paper emphasizes the importance of learning in the early modern period in the Arab world.
1,310 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the importance of learning in the Arab world with specific reference to Portugal during the early modern period. It examines how this nation was empowered by its adaptation of Arabic mathematics and Arab navigational and naval technology. Arab knowledge of cartography and navigation, from which all European nations borrowed heavily, enabled Portugal to forge ahead in the drive to seek colonies and expand Portugal's sphere of trade.
From the paper:
"In the current political climate, it has become easy to forget the past. It has become easy to forget how, many hundreds of years ago the Arab world was not seen as a place of darkness, of anti-modernist and anti-technological sentiments. Rather Islam was seen as a beacon of light for the West, providing important mathematical and navigational knowledge that enabled Europeans to make exploratory forays into what became the New World. The very numbers that paginate this particular document are 'Arabic Numerals,' an improvement on the cumbersome and often confusing system of Roman numerals."
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Arab Nationalism, 2005.
A discussion of the concept of Arab nationalism from the writings of four noted Arab thinkers.
2,154 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and reports on a variety of opinions on Arab nationalism from the perspective of several points of view - in particular, Arab points of view. Some of the Arab thinkers whose opinions are reflected include: Adeed Dawisha, a native of Iraq who is presently political science professor at Miami University; Sayed Khatab, assistant professor of history at the University of Chicago; Sayyid Qutb, an Egyptian who lived from 1906-1966 and was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and Husain Haqqani, a noted journalist, diplomat, and he is a former advisor to prime ministers in Pakistan.
From the Paper
"In Adeed Dawisha's book, Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair, he begins in a logical framework by defining Arab Nationalism, taking readers through the history of Arab Nationalism. But by Chapter Eight ("The Apex of Arab Nationalism"), readers are informed that the upward trajectory of the movement has stalled, and in Chapter Nine ("Arab Nationalism's Downward Slide"), Chapter Ten ("1967 and After: The Twilight of Arab Nationalism"), and Chapter Eleven ("The Demise of Arab Nationalism: A Postmortem"), he chronicles what he believes to be the end of Arab Nationalism according to his observations and research."
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Arab Popular Music, 2005.
This paper discusses Arabic popular music as a political expression.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the currently diverse trends in Arabic popular music signify that a deep social change is occurring within the Arab world, changing social values, tastes, and even methods of expressing political and social objection and protest, both against the West and against Arab governments. The author points out that Arabic music is becoming increasingly influenced by Western rhythms and forms, and some Arabic music videos reflect liberal Western sexual attitudes. The paper also relates that the Arabs are imposing themselves on Western music by using Western rhythms and styles, but sometimes with very Arabic lyrics, which are anti-Western, to protest against American influence over the Arabs.
From the Paper
"On the one hand, this has attracted a significant Western audience to Arabic music for the first time ever while, on the other, has aroused religious anger among certain groups in the Arab World. Jim Bessman remarks on this phenomenon in "Arabic Music Moves West." According to his observations, the reason why the United States music market has opened up to Arabic music is that this music has become more familiar to the Western ears in rhythm, beat and singing style. However, in the Arab world the traditional and religious groups in the societies are strongly opposed to the westernization of Arabic music."
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Arab-Americans, 2007.
This paper analyzes the impact of 9/11 on Arab-Americans.
2,982 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for Arab-Americans, who were just as shocked by 9/11 as all Americans, there was an even greater intensity of emotion because of their concern that all Arabs would be stigmatized and blamed for the 9/11 attacks. The author points out that these concerns have been justified because many Americans have become hostile to Arabs and especially to Arab-Americans living in the United States. The paper relates that these reactions, which are deeply troubling, are not only irrational but also are a betrayal of the American values of freedom, liberty and equality that have made America great. The paper underscores that the Bush Administration security policies, such as racial profiling, and the mass media increasingly has portrayed a negative image of Arab-Americans.
From the Paper
"The three Muslim students clarified that it was a car, not a building, they had been talking about "bringing down" during a restaurant conversation overheard by the Georgia woman. But, on the second anniversary of 9/11, with memories of the World Trade Center towers collapsing still vivid in her mind, this woman in a small, conservative town in Georgia suspected that the three Arab-Americans she saw and heard talking about "bringing down" something could well be terrorists plotting to bring down a building or an airliner."
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