| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PAIN CONTROL": |
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Pain Control, 2002.
This paper explores three models of conceptual nursing in order to assess the extent and manner in which pain can be controlled.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper critically analyzes pain as a clinical-related practical concern and explores possible approaches to this concern utilizing three popular conceptual models of nursing: (a) Neuman?s System Model; (b) The Roy Adaptation Model; and (c) Orem?s Self-Care Framework. Each model is gauged in terms of its worthiness for possible application toward the nursing concept, pain. In order to achieve this end, the JCAPHO Pain Management Standards (a standard for quality pain management) will be used to test each conceptual model.
From the Paper
"Pain is a global-wide enigma that surpasses all social, socio-economic and cultural lines. Poorly treated pain is a huge concern for millions of Americans and people of other nationalities as well. Pain is an unpleasant sensitivity and emotional response to that sensitivity. The Nuprin Pain Report found that 4 billion work days are lost each year as a direct result of pain related issues resulting in huge financial losses to the economy--an estimated $79 billion per year. Thereby, consequences of the failure to adequately treat patients who suffer from pain by health care providers are measureless and constitutes the biggest problems nurse practitioners face today (R. Sternbach, 1986)"
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Dental Pain, Neuroanatomy and Control, 2005.
A discussion regarding dental pain and the possible applications of pain relief.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses pain mechanisms pertaining to dental pain. It focuses on the most recent and relevant advances in pain research, specifically the neuroanatomical, neurochemical and genetic aspects of pain modulation mechanisms. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is used to illustrate the model's plasticity and the ways in which pain modulation works. This paper also discusses other mechanisms relevant to dental pain.
From the Paper
"With the present volume of research that has accrued, pain control may have to veer away from the "killing two birds with one stone" approach that is still in use today. The mere number of modulating mechanisms at work at the genetic, intracellular and neuroanatomical level suggests a shift towards more individualized and effective pain treatment using these mechanisms is in order. Pain control generally attempts to inhibit the propagation of nerve impulses. The mechanisms are numerous, from directly or indirectly inhibiting the firing of neurons propagating pain impulses, stopping the inflammatory cascade at discrete steps in the process to disabling neurons from firing altogether. These include anesthetics, as well as analgesics such as the opioids, non-opioids, some antidepressants, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants among others (Dewar 343). The targets receptors of the opioid analgesics mainly lie along the periaqueductal grey and substantia gelatinosa."
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Pain Management, 2004.
An extensive analysis of the issue of home care and pain management for terminally ill patients.
2,647 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Pain management is an issue which has come a long way in the last few decades, especially when viewed in the setting of pain management in the terminally ill population. It is widely held that many effective pain management therapies are available, yet many patients still undergo severe pain at the end of life due to a lack of knowledge surrounding the effective use of pain control methods on the part of physicians and caregivers alike. Patients and caregivers in this study are provided with pain management education, both on what is to be expected and what can be done. Patients and caregivers are surveyed both before and after the education and the level of pain management is assessed to see if greater knowledge surrounding therapeutics and expected outcomes can improve patients' subjective perception of pain control and ultimately terminally ill patient comfort.
From the Paper
"In the last forty years, amazing progress has been made in the management of patients at the end of life. Patients who are at the end of life often rely on caregivers for support, both emotionally and literally, surrounding concerns about the process of dying. Caregivers are often left to make decisions on how to manage panoply of symptoms including things like breathlessness, physical and mental incapacity, and most of all the effective management of physical pain. The last four decades have shown the medical profession much about how to address these issues with appropriate palliative management, yet often times these issues are not adequately addressed by the caregiver, either because of lack of knowledge or lack of resources. When these issues remain unattended, they often lead to increased anxiety, depression and physical and mental stress, both for the ill patient and for the home care giver. What is the best practical approach to the management of pain in the home care of terminally ill patients? How can these patients be adequately assessed for current and future palliative needs? How are medications chosen? How is an adequate dose determined? And how can the home caregiver ensure all these criteria are met, and the patient made as comfortable as possible."
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Acupuncture and Pain Relief, 2007.
This paper examines the experience of pain and the role of acupuncture as a pain reliever.
2,969 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper defines pain, illness and the process of sensitization. The paper discusses the use of acupuncture in treating chronic pain conditions. The paper relates how unlike conventional treatments using synthesized oral pills, tablets or syrups, acupuncture enlists the natural body forces and processes to produce the relief or control of pain. The paper points out acupuncture's effectiveness, virtual lack of side effects and its safety and so argues for its recognition as a legitimate pain control treatment mode.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Method
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Pain has been described as a jabbing, throbbing, burning or stinging sensation (Mayo Clinic Staff 2007). The uncomfortable experience is partly physical and partly influenced by psychological and cultural factors. Questions have remained as to what exactly happens when a part of the body or mind is affected and the time the person feels pain. Pain proceeds from a series of exchanges within the three major components of the nervous system, such as the peripheral nerves, the spinal cord and the brain. The peripheral nerves sense touch, pressure, vibration, cold and warmth."
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Pain, 2002.
A review of the subject of pain from a scientific and medical perspective.
1,612 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing some theories on the topic of pain including the Gate Control Theory and the Chemical Theory of Pain. It then discusses the three different types of pain - somatic, neuropathic and psychogenic and defines these. The writer also examines different methods of pain control and how these are approached in the nursing field today.
From the Paper
"The Gate Control Theory holds that inputs at the spinal level from both large-diameter and small-diameter fibers interacted to produce the signals of pain. These inputs affect the neurons at the substantia gelatinosa This theory well supports the masking of painful sensations by non-painful stimuli, such scratching when feeling itchy or massaging after a sports injury. In these cases, large-fiber the non-painful inputs slow down the pain transmission pathways and, thus, mask the painful sensation. The Chemical Theory of Pain, on the other hand, suggests that pain can be produced by applying substances on exposed nerve endings under a blister, through a method called the blister-base technique. High concentrations of acetylcholine produced the greatest pain, while letting normal saline flow through did not. Other theories focused on the kind of pain depending on the affected areas of the body, with their respective mechanisms."
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Resistance and Pain, 2003.
An analysis of the notion of resistance in light of the way chronic pain sufferers use narrative and objectification to resist pain and how chronic pain in turns resists political economic pressures.
2,745 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper uses Foucault?s work on biopower and governmentality to analyse chronic pain as a resistance to power/knowledge formations that express themselves in terms of control over the body. It attempts to analyse chronic pain by using three different notions of resistance. It looks at how chronic pain causes a contraction of the social world especially in situations of biomedical practice when the moral decision ?it?s all in your head? can often be made by doctors. It examines how this process resists speech (and thus resocialisation) by analysing the dialectical tension this resistance has with the stress, rage and the impulse that drives us to unsettle or confound the fixed order of things. It then explores the resistance that people have to the pain that they feel followed by rage for order.
From the Paper
"Chronic pain confounds many of the concepts and methods used for its analysis, in part because of the privileging of certain spheres of analysis. This is noticeable in a set of assumptions that are part of both biomedical and western philosophical theory. This set of assumptions assumes a divide between mind and body; it assumes that diseases are universal biological or pyschophysiological entities resulting from somatic lesions and dysfunctions. These can produce signs of symptoms, and one must decode the cultural elements of patients systems in terms of their underlying somatic referents. If the symptoms do not fit this mould, then one is denied illness in the biomedical model."
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The Most Effective Pain Assessment Methods, 2008.
An analysis of the most effective pain assessment methods to use with infants as compared with the Wong-Baker Pain Scale.
1,863 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes the best pain assessment method for infants in the neonatal ward of a hospital. The paper assumes that the Wong-Baker standard is the comparator, and evaluates several techniques as addressed in a number of clinical studies performed over the past few years. The paper points out that the lack of ability of nurses to consistently judge infant pain can lead to inconsistent application of anti-pain medications, and variability in the amount of pain caused to an infant during necessary procedures. The paper also explains that diagnosis generally precedes therapy in medicine. Good, consistent diagnosis of situations that cause pain can lead to novel methods to reduce that pain. The writer believes that nurses do not intend to be either inaccurate or to judge differently than their fellow nurses.
Outline:
Introduction
The Wong-Baker Pain Scale
Measuring Neonatal Pain is More Difficult
The Need for More Objective Infant Pain Measurement
PIPP: The Most Comprehensive and Complicated Method
Analysis of the PIPP for the Neonatal Ward
CRIES Method to Assess Pain
High Variability Questions Accuracy of PIPP
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There was an interesting mid-level 'pain' measurement included in the Kritjansen study: movement which should not have caused pain. It was interesting to note that the PIPP score was significantly higher than the resting state, and lower than during the time that the infants should have felt pain. This suggests that the PIPP is measuring more than pain, or conversely that activities like changing diapers cause pain to the baby (probably less likely). Two other limitations of the study should be covered when evaluating PIPP as an indicator of pain: the difficulty of measuring all seven elements in a busy neonatal ward, and the variability between nurses."
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Managing Infant Pain, 2004.
An analysis of different nursing practices in managing infant pain.
3,367 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that because infants cannot report their pain, they are often vulnerable to under treatment. The paper explains how infants must rely on caregivers to interpret cues of pain and to manage the pain accordingly. The paper claims that nurses are therefore an important advocate for the interpretation and control of pain. The paper outlines the many pain inventories that help the staff assess the infants' pain level and contends that due to this, there are conflicts as to the best method to assess pain. The paper examines the lack of standardized pain assessment and the best method for pain management, citing that this creates a risk for ineffective pain relief for this vulnerable population.
From the Paper
"The nurse is a vital advocate for the infant undergoing any painful procedure. Assessing infant pain is a complex phenomenon that continues to challenge nurses daily. Identifying behaviors may be the key in developing newborn pain assessment efforts. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage" (McCaffery & Pasero, 1999). The IASP recently added to their original definition that states that the inability to communicate in no way negates the possibility that an individual is experiencing pain and is in need of appropriate pain relieving treatment (Gibbins, Stevens, Hodnett, Pinelli, Ohlsson, Arne, & Darlington, 2002). The IASP revision incorporates persons who cannot communicate their pain, such as neonates, must rely on others to make inferences from behavioral and physiological indices for the assessment and management of pain (Gibbins et al., 2002). "
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Nurses and Pain Management, 2004.
Examines the pain management strategies that could be employed by nurses towards alleviating pain in a variety of patients.
2,578 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper examines the background and reviews the current literature regarding pain management. The next part then examines the key pain management issues and the pros and cons of establishing pain management standards.The paper then examines these proposed guidelines from a nursing viewpoint in line with the 2001 Code of Ethics, as well as the ANA's "Nursing's agenda for the future." Next, the paper addresses how a proposed set of pain management guidelines affects nursing practices and the practice of health care, in general. In the last section, the paper makes further recommendations on how pain management strategies could be tailored to facilitate the practice of nursing.
From the Paper
"Pain management takes a backseat in a variety of medical specialties. Tanabe and Buschmann (1999), for example, found that 78 percent of patients experience severe pain in the emergency room. Furthermore, clinicians often followed a standard pain treatment program that did not take into account the severity of an individual patient's pain. As a result, many patients did not receive adequate pain medication, despite the availability of pharmacologic solutions."
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Concept of Human Pain, 2003.
How human pain is understood and studied by today's medical community.
3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by providing an introduction to the concept. It then analyzes and reviews the sources of recent literature available on the subject. The writer follows by examining various definitions of pain and the mechanics of pain. It then looks at clinical/empirical examples of pain and the consequences of pain.
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of the 20th century, medical advances in the understanding of human pain as it relates to health have far exceeded the expectations of even the most optimistic clinician or physician. Yet despite all of the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pain, new medical challenges continue to rise, especially in such diseases as AIDS/HIV and related viral/bacterial infections throughout the world. In addition, pain is now associated with diseases that are brought about by personal choice, such as drug and alcohol abuse, dietary habits, and the stress and anxieties related to work habits and contemporary lifestyles. As Ronald Melzack points out, "the very technology which has done so much to prolong life has brought with it previously unimaginable ethical and medical dilemmas related to pain and pain management" (1983, 34). Furthermore, the rising cost of health care in the United States, due mostly to an aging population, has become a central concern to all those involved in pain diagnosis and prevention."
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A Nursing Assessment of Infant Pain, 2005.
A review of the assessment of pain in infants proving that infants experience pain more acutely than adults.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review of a quantitative research study based on pain assessment of neonates and the corresponding practice of documenting findings of the pain assessment. The author's beliefs and findings were consistent with other research in the area that while the belief is strong in the need to follow recommended assessments and use prescribed assessments tools, the practice of documenting assessment findings is inconsistent - in other words, pain assessments may take place, but little documentation exists.
From the Paper
"Infants experience pain more acutely than do adults (Reyes, 2003). This is a concept that has radically changed since the time when the medical profession was of the belief that infants did not experience pain at all due to nerve fibers that were yet to develop myelinated sheaths. Also changing, has been technology and nursing practices related to neonatal pain assessment. This paper will analyze the October, 2003 article: Nursing Assessment of Pain, published in the Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing (Reyes, 2003). The analysis presentation will follow class report review guidelines, focusing on why this study is important to the field of nursing."
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Pain, 2006.
This in-depth paper details the results of both focus groups and clinical studies which provide a framework for clinicians to better understand and treat pain, based on the race and ethnicity of the patient.
6,093 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This well-researched, two-part paper examines the cause, effect and treatment of self-reported pain in patients of varying ethnicities and cultures. When healthcare providers are faced with patients who are experiencing pain, there may be a number of confounding factors that serve to constrain developing an effective treatment modality, including the clinician's own cultural bias, prejudice or ignorance. This in-depth research paper identifies the cultural factors that play a role in influencing healthcare providers' decisions to medicate patients based on their ethnicity. The writer of this paper also details which, if any, cultural influences within the patients themselves may serve to constrain their ability to adequately communicate their respective levels of pain in self-reports. This paper details the various focus groups and clinical studies and their results which provide a framework for clinicians to better understand the treatment of pain based on the race and ethnicity of the patient.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Part One: Development of a Pain Assessment Tool Relevant to Clinical Background.
Epidemiology of Pain
Ecological Perspective
Developmental/Temporal Perspective
Epidemiology Measures
General Pain Assessment Tool Considerations
Part Two: Application of Assessment Tool
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Although pain is a virtually universal phenomenon, it is also a highly subjective experience that is characterized by a wide range of epidemiological considerations that will vary according to the individual, of course, but the cultural setting within which the pain management experience takes place as well. In the increasingly multicultural society that characterizes the United Kingdom today, clinicians are hard-pressed to understand the complex relationship of how organic processes interrelate with cultural factors that may be unapparent or unknown to them. Furthermore, compounding the problem of developing an effective pain assessment tool that can be used across-the-board is the fact that occupational, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and possibly geographic, cultural, and cohort differences, as well as differences in lifestyle risk factors such as smoking may be so powerful for pain management purposes that the influences of other factors such as age and gender are difficult to identify."
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Pain Assessment: Quantitative Article Critique, 2008.
A critique of the article "Assessment of Pain in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: A Comparison of Pain Assessment Tools and their Use by Non-professional Caregivers," by Krulewitch et al.
2,018 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and critiques the article "Assessment of Pain in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: A Comparison of Pain Assessment Tools and their Use by Non-professional Caregivers," by Krulewitch et al., published in the Journal of the American Geriatric Society. The writer examines each step of the study in detail and discusses its strengths and limitations. The writer concludes that the limitations of this study may guide future researchers in launching similar and more successful studies in this field.
Outline
Research Problem and Purpose
Hypotheses and Research Question
Literature Review
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Population
Protection of Human Participants
Research Design
Instruments and Strategies for Measurement
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Interpretation of Results
Discussion of Findings
Limitations
Implications
Recommendations
Research Utilization in my Practice
From the Paper
"Pain was measured using a standardized pain assessment (Krulewitch et al., 2000, 1612). This assessment was administered to all participants in the study. The researchers used several scales in the study. The MMSE was used to determine dementia, along with documented diagnosis as such. The face pain scale and the nonverbal visual analog pain scale were used to determine moderate to sever pain. The researchers of the study report that one-third of demented subjects were unable to rate pain using any of the tools, but had had a pain assessment during the designated time of the study. Researchers point out those who were assessing the subjects for pain may have been unaware of the degree of pain experienced by the demented individual."
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Pain Research, 2006.
A review of the different pain thresholds in men and women.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the idea that the pain threshold is different for men than women, with the assumption being that women are better able to withstand pain then are man based primarily on the pain associated with childbirth. The paper further notes that some more recent research suggests that the situation may actually be reversed and that women may feel pain more acutely than do men, with research showing as well that women feel pain more often in the course of a lifetime, that they experience pain in more parts of the body, and that they may feel pain for a longer duration than do men.
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Pain as Represented in the Works of C. S. Lewis and David Morris, 2002.
This essay explores how the issue of pain is reflected in the writings of C.S Lewis and David Morris.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This essay explores the works of David Morris and C. S. Lewis and how each believes that pain contributes to spirituality and faith. Particularly, the paper explores the texts "The Culture of Pain" (Morris) and "A Grief Observed" (Lewis). The author of the paper discusses how pain was treated in the past via religion as "visionary" and how it is treated these days as first crippling, then visionary. The paper shows that Morris believes pain can be visionary?hence his term ?visionary pain? while Lewis believes pain is the instrument not of a cosmic Sadist, but a cosmic Healer.
From the Paper
"The pain C. S. Lewis describes feeling after the death of his wife in A Grief Observed is?at least initially?radically different than the pain David Morris describes in the chapter six, ?Visionary pain and the politics of suffering,? in his book The Culture of Pain. The design of this essay is to explore these two authors, uncovering how each believes pain contributes to spirituality and faith."
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