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Soft PACs (Political Action Committees) and Politics, 2000.
Explores the role of big business and Political Action Committee's in America's politics, concentrating on the influence wielded by the tobacco industry and trial lawyers.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ramifications of party funding by business and Political Action Committees through an investigation into the Supreme Court's revocation of the FDA's right to regulate the tobacco industry. It explores the historical involvement of the FDA with the industry, through to the stances taken by the Democratic and the Republican parties after revocation. It investigates the reasons behind Big Tobacco funding the Republican party, and the Trial Lawyers' PAC contributing so heavily to the Democratic coffers in the 2000 presidential campaign.
From the Paper
"It is a sad fact that less than 50% of Americans vote. The reasons behind this non-participation are myriad, ranging from the view that traditional parties are out of touch with the needs of modern-day society, to the inconvenience of attending mid-week daytime voting stations. One common complaint is the effect of party funding by big business and by Political Action Committees, since the practice implies that money rather than votes wields political influence."
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The Role of Political Action Committees Elections, 1999.
A look at the history of the development of Political Action Committees (PACs), how they operate, and what are the disadvantages and difficulties of having a political system influenced by them.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 45.95
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From the Paper
"With the advent of the information age, and with the virtual necessity of the use of these new media to disseminate information, elections are becoming ever more costly. The 1982 election, an off-year election, cost over $240 Million to conduct. Politicians are scurrying to find new funding sources. A recent trend has been the increase in the proportion of election expenses covered by Political Action Committees, or PACs. These groups represent a group of people with common interests who "want to advance a specific political agenda by contributing to candidates who share their views." PACs are a potent financial tool in elections. The sources of PAC money are manifold and multifarious; many types of PACs exist. As a corollary, many have called into question whether high campaign contributors indeed influence the policies of the candidate in their favor. Further, with the abundance of soft money, campaign contributions are becoming ever more difficult to track or to regulate."
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Special Interest Groups---Political Action Committees., 2002.
A look at the phenomenon of Political Action Committees in America.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This is a 10-page paper on PAC's and describes the action and need of PAC's in America. It also argues that they are needed and presents views against in a complete research paper.
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The SEC's Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving Audit Committees, 2002.
This paper is an examination of the report of the SEC's Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving Corporate Audit Committee Effectiveness.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is the examination of findings of the Security and Exchange Commission's (SEC), Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC) that was formed in September of 1998 to address concerns about various accounting practices. The committee's report, detailing their ten recommendations and the results they hoped to achieve, are examined in detail. The report was issued in February 1999, an since then several rules, regulations and standards have been enacted in the spirit of the committee's recommendations.
From the Paper
"The Blue Ribbon Committee's report entitled Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees was issued in February 1999 and consisted of two sections (Grant Thorton). First, ten recommendations for actions to be taken by regulatory or standard setting bodies, such as the AICPA, SEC, NYSE, and NASD were presented (Grant Thorton). Second, five guiding principles for best practices that may be used by companies as building blocks in developing audit committee processes and practices were discussed (Grant Thorton). "
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Picture Archive Communication Systems (PACS), 2005.
This paper discusses extensively the effects of picture archiving communications systems (PACS) and computerization on radiology workflow and turnaround time.
7,225 words (approx. 28.9 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that digital radiology applications of picture archiving communications systems (PACS) provide improved workflow and faster turnaround times by virtue of instant display of images thereby facilitating immediate diagnosis. The author points out that radiology information systems and picture archive communication systems provide a radical departure from the traditional current film and chemical imaging applications by meeting significant and unfulfilled needs for instant imaging and quick diagnosis both in the field and in the clinic. The paper relates that while these technologies were relatively expensive just a few years ago, their cost has dropped to the point where virtually all clinicians who feel their patients can benefit from them can afford to integrate them into their diagnostic regimen. Charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Benefits of Radiology Information Systems (RIS).
Benefits of Picture Archive Communication Systems (PACS).
Current and Future Trends.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The authors report that observations of the radiologists in the clinical environment showed that they relied predominantly on interpretation of images from PACS to render their conclusions, with only occasional RIS terminal use and even less frequent HIS access. The principal explanation for this behavior most likely relates to the inconvenience of accessing such data: Three different computers are required to access three separate clinical systems (ie, PACS, RIS, HIS). The Internet was not used by attending radiologists to search for external medical evidence; instead, they relied on their training and experience to reach conclusions; however, residents frequently used the Internet and reference textbooks as a source of external information while they waited for the attending radiologist's review."
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HIPAA and PACS, 2006.
A review of the relationship between HIPAA and PACS regarding the delivery of healthcare.
2,999 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the personal access communication system (PACS) and discusses how they relate to each other.
The paper presents a detailed examination of the HIPAA act and the PACS program to determine whether they collide or coincide with each other.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Hypothesis
Discussion Through Literature
Collide or Coincide
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first indicator that PACS dovetails with HIPAA is the need for passwords and various codes to get into the system and maneuver around its components. When PACS is first installed there is a training period in which those who will be working with the medical imaging department will be trained in how to use passwords and codes to open and enter the system. In addition, many hospitals and other medical facilities have opted to change and rotate passwords on a frequent basis thereby reducing even further the chance that the information contained within the storage area of the system will be accessible by a hacker. "
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Select Committees, 2002.
The function and importance of Select Committees.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper elaborates on the functions, role and division of the Select Committees highlighting their importance by citing examples of committee functions performed in the past.
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San Francisco Vigilance Committees of 1851 & 1856, 1999.
Examines the background, morality, legality, aims & actions of groups set up to deal with violence of Gold Rush era.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" SAN FRANCISCO VIGILANCE COMMITTEES OF 1851 AND 1856
This research paper explains the background of events and circumstances which gave rise to the San Francisco Vigilance Committees of 1851 and 1856, including a brief summary of their activities. It then discusses the view taken by various historians as to the legitimacy or illegitimacy, morality or immorality of those actions and examines their historical significance for California.
The Vigilance Committee of 1851 came about because of the adverse spillover effects of the 1848 Gold Rush on the City of San Francisco. Its illegal actions were almost inevitable, given the circumstances then prevailing, and cannot fairly be judged in retrospect to have been unjustified, as some 20th century historians have attempted to do. The Vigilance Committee of 1856.."
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The American Medical Association, 2007.
This paper discusses the American Medical Association and provides an analysis of the activities of organization's political action committee.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Medical Association (AMA) first arose as a loose association of medical professionals and scientists in 1847. The writer points out that the group was intended to increase the standards of medical and biological education in North America, but was considered both impractical and utopian by many. The writer then looks at the mission of the organization today and discusses the political action committee's activities. The writer maintains that from Medicare to animal testing to malpractice insure, the AMA and the American Medical Association political action committee, which are, for all intents and purposes, one in the same, have served their beneficiaries as well as possible, through lobbying and outward pressure. The writer concludes that their methods may have brimmed over the line of constitutionality at points, but that should not mar the AMA's record because, as a political action committee, it has done all in its power to legally and persuasively enact legislature to assist America's doctors.
From the Paper
"Current president of the AMA, Ronald M. Davis, gave a speech in 2005, which highlighted the organization's illustrious history more than any political or economic agendas. At Smith Davis's initial meeting, over two hundred and fifty delegates from twenty-eight states voted to elect Nathanial Chapman the organization's first president. His first actions included those that would be deemed necessary by burgeoning doctors; the condemnation of secretive and patent medicine, which robbed business, and the establishment of a code of medical ethics and the world's first Committee on Medical Ethics to enforce the doctrines. By the end of the nineteenth century, the groundwork had been laid for the organization's present political sphere of influence."
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Pressure Groups in America, 2005.
This paper discusses pressure groups, including political action committees, which play a distinct role in the United States of America.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a pressure group, sometimes referred to as an interest group, is a set of individuals organized for the purpose of influencing public policy; a subset of pressure groups is the political action committee created for the main purpose of receiving donations, from corporations, trade unions and other similar sources, to candidates aspiring to Federal office because, in the U.S., candidates cannot receive these donations directly. The author points out that there are two main types of pressure groups: (1) The private interest group, which unusually represents a particular economic, social or ethnic section of society promoting certain aspects of interest such as manufacturers, and (2) the cause groups with select issues or ideology such as the environment. The paper relates that pressure groups have three significant access points from where they can attempt to influence the decisions made by the Federal government: The Congress, the bureaucracy and officials that make up the executive and, in a small way, the judiciary.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nature of Pressure Groups in the United States of America
Main Activities of Pressure Groups
Impact of Political Action Group Committees on the U.S. Elections
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The presidential elections of 2004 were to large extent influenced by the political action committees and the areas of influence were to be seen in voter turnout, endorsements of the candidates and contributions to the campaigns. The underlying evaluation of the role that the political action committees play in any election is to have a general appreciation of the relationship between money and interests and federal regulations. Political Action Committees and their roles were clearly defined in the early 1970's by the Federal Election Campaign Acts. These regulations came after some very long and torturous legislative battles. The campaign finance laws are at the moment regulated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act -- BCRA of 2002. Current day analysis of political action committees does question the undue influence that some of these political action committees have and their new tactics that involve direct campaigns and group representation."
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Representative Action, 2003.
A law paper providing a definition and discussion of the term "representative action", also known as class action.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining the concept of representative proceedings or actions. It then discusses the procedural aspects of commencing a procedural action. This is followed by a discussion of the benefits to both the applicant and respondent regarding representative actions and what the limitations of such proceedings are. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the future of representative actions.
From the Paper
"The popular term, Class Action, is better defined in the Australian Jurisdictions as a Representative proceeding, a proceeding in which a defined party (or parties), will bring an action as plaintiff on behalf of a group, of seven or more members , where the group has an issue arising out of common circumstances , giving rise to a common question of law or fact. The legislative provisions Part IVA are mirrored by the Judgement of Mchugh J in Carnie , where his honour held;
"In my opinion, a plaintiff and the represented persons have "the same interest" in legal proceedings when they have a community of interest in the determination of any substantial question of law or fact" "
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Affirmative Action, 2002.
This paper discusses the education component of Affirmative Action, a social action program of President Johnson's "War on Poverty" that attempted to counterbalance minority injustices by increased opportunities for minorities.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper states that affirmative action was never intended to give prospective students a significant advantage based solely on racial origin. The author feels that affirmative action has had a negative effect on both minority and non-minority students and should be discontinued. The paper recommends that educational inequalities should be rectified before students get to college.
From the Paper
"However, some California university officials have responded by seeking ways to get around Proposition 209. They now use an admission policy called "comprehensive review." (Williams, 2002) Under this new admissions policy, the personal circumstances of all students are considered, ostensibly without regard to race. If a student has faced significant hardship in his or her life, the student is given extra consideration for admission."
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Money in Politics, 1997.
Corruption of the political system by action committees, campaign contributions, soft money, effects on elections, impact of public opinion, recommendations for & obstacles to reform.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Americans frequently have expressed dissatisfaction with the way in which money seems to dominate politics. Yet, campaign finance reform still seems to be an elusive goal. This research examines some of the current trends of money in politics and offers a set of potential reforms designed to remain within the constraints of constitutional rulings.
PUBLIC OPINION
Once again, campaign finance reform at the federal and state levels of government is high on the political agenda. The voters in six states approved some form of campaign finance law in the last election, and representatives of both Congress and the Executive Branch are talking about reforming the system of money in politics at the federal level. Although all this talk sounds hopeful, it arises from what is widely perceived as a failure of.."
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Affirmative Action, 2004.
An explanation and comparison of goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper distinguishes between two forms of affirmative action policies, the goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action. This paper argues that most people who protest against affirmative action are actually against goals-based affirmative action. This paper further argues that a greater emphasis on process-oriented affirmative action policies will more effectively address the concerns of both sides of the affirmative action debate.
From the Paper
"Critics decry race-based admissions policies as an undermining of the merit-based system. However, Jesse Jackson points out the effects of race and socio-economic class in the academic performance of many minority children. Jackson argues that unlike affluent white, many minority students from low-income families do not access to resources like honors classes and SAT preparation courses. Also, the fact that many have to work after school to augment the family income places minority students at a distinct disadvantage at the college applications process (Jackson 290)."
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Affirmative Action in Schools, 2004.
A comparison of goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action within the education system.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper distinguishes between two forms of affirmative action policies, the goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action. In goal-based affirmative action, the emphasis is placed on giving minority racial status special consideration even before a qualified pool of candidates is established. This form of affirmative action was evident in the controversial admissions policies at the University of Michigan Law School, where African-American and Hispanic applicants were given 20 extra points solely based on their ethnicity.
From the Paper
"Other opponents of affirmative action in universities argue that by fostering an atmosphere of race-based promotion, these policies also serve to minimize the individual gains that many African Americans, women and other minorities achieve on their own merit. Instead, their achievements are tainted by a stigma. In one example, a young black woman made the University of Virginia's Law Review just as the university's affirmative action went into effect. The change from the previous, merit-based system significantly reduced the value of the young woman's Law Review achievement (Conti and Stetson 44-45)."
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