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Overcrowding in the ER, 2008.
This paper discusses that overcrowding in the ER causes a negative impact on health care delivery.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that emergency room overcrowding comprises one of the most crucial issues confronting hospitals all over North America. This problem is so serious that it has attained crisis proportions. The writer maintains that the stress created for patients, ER staff, and the hospital amounts to a vicious circle that has no solution. The writer points out that the scope of the impact of overcrowding in the emergency department becomes clear when it is realized that the emergency department is the only publicly mandated, guaranteed access to healthcare provided for 44 million persons in the United States who lack health insurance. The writer maintains that emergency room overcrowding jeopardizes the quality of patient care and places patients at high risk of treatment delays or inadequate care. The writer concludes that the issue can only be partially and inadequately addressed in the ER itself as the problem is systemic and extends over the entire health care organization, its funding and the way that resources have been distributed.
From the Paper
"Emergency department overcrowding which is combined with heavy emergency resource demand has led to a variety of problems, including ambulance refusals, prolonged patient waiting times, and rushed and unpleasant treatment environments. The most serious outcome involves potentially poor patient outcomes. Inordinate stress on institutional resources and ER overcrowding can jeopardize the hospital's ability to respond to community emergencies and disasters. In addition, physicians and other health care providers often find it difficult to maintain their work effectiveness under such strained conditions. Scarce resource and overcrowding tend to reduce professional effectiveness and job satisfaction among ER staff. Overcrowding increases the likelihood of medical errors as well as possibility of patients leaving prior to receiving essential treatment. At the same time, overcrowded conditions and scarcity of resources are not uniform across all emergency departments because varying sets of limiting factors are at work."
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Overcrowding in the Prison System, 2006.
A discussion regarding the problem of overcrowding in the US prison system.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the US prison system and the dire issue of overcrowding. According to the paper, as a result of this overcrowding, there are increased incidents of violence, a rampant spread of disease in and out of the prison, poorer security in place than if appropriate inmate levels were maintained, higher rates of recidivism and unhygienic living conditions for inmates.
Outline:
Introduction
Factors in Prison Overcrowding
Challenges as a Result of Prison Overcrowding
Long-Term Solutions to Prison Overcrowding
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second option that governments utilize to correct prison overcrowding is reform, including the introduction of alternatives to imprisonment. These alternatives strive to use different methods for authorizing offenders that do not pose a safety risk to the community. When considering that the majority of prisoners, in prisons around the globe, have committed non-violent offences, it becomes clear that these alternatives could be great benefit. Overcrowding in today's prison systems could be drastically reduced if even a percentage of these non-violent offenders were sentenced to an alternative other than imprisonment. These alternatives include a variety of programs including: community service, restorative justice, drug treatment programs, and probation ("Addressing Prison")."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2007.
A look at the issues concerning overcrowding in America's prisons.
2,691 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how prison overcrowding is the most significant problem facing the modern criminal justice system. It looks at how prison overcrowding means that millions of incarcerated low-risk offenders are subject to abuse and violence while in prison, which can only increase their risks of recidivism. The paper also looks at how prisoners are denied access to the very programs that might prevent them from re-offending. Furthermore, the paper discusses how there are several strategies that federal, state and local agencies can employ to reduce the problem of prison overcrowding and how, by using these strategies, government agencies can ease the heavy burden of prison overcrowding.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While the failure of social and family support systems may explain the increase in criminal behavior, it is certainly not the only cause of prison overcrowding. In fact, "since 1981, the number of offenders in prison or jail continues to increase despite decreases in both crime rates and the number of persons arrested." (Connecticut General Assembly, 2000). This fact makes it clear that offenders are more likely to be incarcerated now than they have been in the past. The push for incarceration is a result of the combination of several factors. The first of these factors is the "war on drugs," which caused drug addicts and casual drug users to be labeled as criminal offenders. (Connecticut General Assembly, 2000). In part because of the war on drugs, and partially as a result of there has been an increase in state and federal funding for policing and an expansion of existing prison capacity. "
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Prison Overcrowding, 2003.
A discussion of the extent to which America's prison overcrowding problem is threatening the entire penal system.
3,432 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
As much as America represents the land of the free, it also reflects the highest incarceration rate in the entire global community. This has created a tremendous prison overcrowding problem. This paper shows how budgets are severely strained by inmate populations in the millions, leaving the penal system pushed to the point of having to employ early release programs for some convicts, while at the same time, seeking alternative operational options so the system does not suffer a complete breakdown.
I. Introduction
II. California's Overcrowding Problem
III. Overcrowding and Violence
IV. Alternatives
V. Conclusion
VI. References
From the Paper
"California, a state whose high-profile penal system has been under the gun of late due to what many deem as unfair funding taken from other more socially important programs like schooling and welfare, has found itself embroiled in a screaming match between the public and private sectors. It can readily be argued that the money shifted from education has caused a significant drop in literacy rates and, therefore, both causing and perpetuating the link between criminal activity and academic deficit. "Overcoming acute funding problems, crowded classrooms and aging school buildings, California's public school teachers are making progress in the struggle to improve student performance?" (Anonymous, 1999, p. 3569)."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2006.
Examines reasons for the overcrowding problem in U.S. prisons and offers possible solutions.
3,302 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the United States has a severe prison overcrowding problem. Efforts must be made to change the nature of the prison population by seeking alternative methods of punishment where appropriate, such as diversion of drug offenders into treatment programs. Education programs must be provided to increase the prisoner's chances of successfully reentering society. The paper argues that new avenues of incarceration, such as privatization, should be used where appropriate and new technologies should be employed to reduce the population and associated costs of incarceration.
Paper Outline:
I. Introduction
- Prisoners' Rights
- Allegations of Abuse
II. Prison Overcrowding
- Exploding Jail Populations
- Soaring Costs
- Pressure on Correctional Facilities
- Effects of Overcrowding
- Prison Litigation
- New Prison Construction
- Mandatory sentencing
III.Reducing Prison Population
- Incarceration of Drug Users
- Incarceration of Mentally Impaired
IV. Literacy of Prisoners
- Educational Programs in Prison
- Difficulties of Programs
- Privatization of Prisons
- GPS Monitoring
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Because of the growth of American prisons, it is not surprising that they have come to be viewed as magnets for economic development. Illinois Governor George Ryan explained that a new maximum-security prison was being built in a downstate community because it would be an important shot in the arm for a poor community badly in need of economic investment. The sixteen-hundred-bed prison is expected to generate 800 jobs and an annual payroll of $40 million. Not education or transportation but correctional services, at $1.3 billion a year, continue to be the largest item in the Illinois state budget."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2005.
A case study on public policy alternatives for improving the overcrowding dilemma in U.S. prisons.
5,732 words (approx. 22.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
This work attempts to research and review the problem of overcrowding in United States prisons and to provide evidence-based information in relation to public policy administration in an analysis of the policy problem that contributes to the overcrowding issue in prisons.
Table of Contents
Objective
Methodology
Findings of the Study
Introduction
Literature Review
Statistics of Non-Violent Prisoners
Drug Offenders and Incarceration
Alternatives to Incarceration
Arguments for Privatization
Arguments against Privatization
Electronic Monitoring
Rehabilitation
Effects of Long-Term Incarceration and Overcrowding
Ethical Issues in Privatization of Prisons
Administrative Issues in Privatization of Prisons
Public Policy Changes at Issue
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to one report the state and federal prisons in the United States are presently experiencing rate of 33% than they are officially certified to house within their facilities. By June 2003 the total of prisoners in the United States was near the total of 2.1 million. (Montaldo, 2004) This increase was stated to be the largest increase in over four years. The inmates that are 18 years of age or younger is one the decline. By June 2003 there were 3,006 state prisoners, and 6,869 city jail detainees, which were under 18 years of age. (Montaldo, 2004) There were a total of 90,700 non-citizens being held in State and Federal correctional facilities at midyear of 2003, which was a 2.3 percent growth from the year prior to 2003."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2002.
Offers alternative solutions and argues for a specific strategy to deal with the issue of prison overcrowding.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of prison overcrowding and suggests some alternatives to the current prison system.
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Prison Overcrowding, 2004.
This paper argues that overcrowding institutions with persons who have committed minor crimes causes problems in U.S. prisons.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that violence is one of the main results of jail overcrowding because the guards, who are suppose to keep control of the inmates, are grossly outnumbered by the criminals; therefore, control can slip out of their hands, which leads even more violence. The author believes that criminals who commit serious crimes, like rape or murder, need to be punished for the significance of their crime, even with longer sentences; but less serious crimes, like minor drug offenses, do not need jail time to be punished. The paper states that imprisoning nonviolent offenders often causes more damage than punishment or rehabilitation because short-term inmates often do not receive the rehabilitation they need and become corrupted by the experience of being in jail.
From the Paper
"Stealing a few children?s videos gave one man in California fifty years to life in prison, while another man received twenty-five years to life for trying to steal a few golf clubs. Does this seem logical? Maybe not to many Americans but in California this occurs quite often. In fact, "more than 7,000 state inmates are serving three strikes sentences of 25 years or more." California has a "Three Strikes Law" that became official on March 7, 1994. This law comes into play when a criminal has one or more prior felony convictions. The second time a criminal commits a felony, their mandatory sentence can be doubled; the third time, the criminal can receive a sentence of twenty-five years to life in prison."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2004.
A discussion of the problems associated with prison pricing and overcrowding.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a description of the current state of the American prison system. The paper mentions a number of statistics that show how prisons are completely overcrowded to the extent that prisoners are released before due-date just to make room for new ones. The paper shows how high the budget is for the prison system and how much more is needed to fix the problems. Finally, the paper looks at potential solutions to the over-crowding, including more death sentences, rehabilitation programs, and others.
From the Paper
"Prisons are so overcrowded within the states that typically ?only one criminal is jailed for every one hundred violent crimes committed? (Economist, 1996). Many violent criminal offenders do not even serve out their entire terms; many serve half of their term and are released on an appeal or probation (Economist, 1996). These prisoners are often released to society only to commit another crime at a later date. Overcrowding results among other things, in increased costs, costs that taxpayers often bear the brunt of paying. The problems associated with prison pricing and overcrowding are explored further below."
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Overcrowding in Prisons, 1991.
This paper discusses the problem of overcrowding in prisons: Statistics, causes and effects, violence, racial aspects and solutions. Tables and graphs.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the problem of overcrowding in prisons. Between the years 1970 and 1985, the prison population in the United States tripled. This growth was particularly noticeable during the decade of the 1980's.
In 1978, for example, the number of American prisoners totaled 158,394. By 1985, that figure had risen to a total of 490,000 prisoners. In 1989, it was reported that nearly 628,000 Americans were in prison, with an additional 150,000 "in local jails, sometimes for months, awaiting trial"
Graph 2 provides a visualization of this dramatic increase in the American prison population between the years 1980 and 1988. Prison overcrowding has resulted from the fact that there ... "
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Overcrowding in Schools, 2005.
An overview of viable solutions to overcrowding in schools.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three possibilities as possible solutions to both the scarcity of land for schools and the diminishing funding to build them. These three possibilities are double sessions, extended school days, and year-round school. It looks at how each solution has its advocates and opponents and examines some of the pros and cons of each possibility.
Outline
Double Sessions
Extended School Days
Year-Round School
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the drawbacks of the portable classrooms, however, is the additional time needed for changing classes at both schools. In order to keep the school day the same length, it would be necessary to eliminate the lunch break; instead, "Students would snack on pre-packaged lunches in their classrooms" (Dodd, 2002). That would very likely be seen as a significant con by the students; it might well be a pro for teachers, however, in that they would not have students too interested in lunch activities to remain focused on the lessons. Arguably, parents would prefer that solution as well; they would then truly know where their children were and what they were doing, at least for the duration of the school day."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2000.
A research proposal to determine the relationships between overcrowding and laws on mandatory sentencing and parole.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Causes of Prison Overcrowding: A Research Proposal
Background on the Problem
Prison overcrowding and the costs associated with operating prisons have developed as major public issues over the past two decades (Eckl, 1994). The increase in violent crime in the United States in the 1970s, together a plea bargaining process that often appeared to favor offenders, led to public outcries to get tougher on crime. Both President Reagan and President Bush tapped this vein of public discontent by successfully, if inaccurately, by labeling their opponents as being soft on crime. Other politicians, particularly at the state level, jumped on the tough on crime bandwagon.
Statement of the Problem
One outcome of all of this activity were new sentencing..."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2007.
An analysis of alternatives to mandatory sentencing and community sanctions for non-violent offenders.
6,384 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the relationship between prison overcrowding and adaptation of the situational environment in which crime occurs. Specifically, the paper explores whether a reduction in incarceration of non-violent offenders, combined with provisions for more rehabilitation and community support within at-risk communities, may contribute to reduced incarceration rates, better flow and reduced overcrowding.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Background to Problem
Significance of Study
Theoretical Approaches
Literature Review
History Incarceration and Prison Overcrowding
Who's In Prison
Reasons for Overcrowding
Summary of Literature
Research Questions
Methods
Research Design
Population
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Results
Limitations of Study
Implications of this Study
Discussion/Conclusions
From the Paper
"The reasons for overcrowding according to researchers are varied; though many researchers point to increasing incarceration of non violent offenders, particularly drug offenders. More and more researchers are arguing for alternatives to incarceration, which may include creation of rehabilitation centers and community work programs that force criminals to give back to the community while receiving health care and psychological assistance for their dependency and mental illness. Landreville (1995) provides some evidence that community sanctions may be useful for reducing incarceration rates. Still others suggest shorter sentencing may help improve the flow of prisoners and inmates thereby decreasing the number of people incarcerated at any one time, reducing prison populations even if minimally (Marciniak, 2002)."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2003.
Examines the issue in the U.S.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 28 sources, $ 127.95
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Abstract
Describes trends in incarceration and institutional overcrowding. Discusses the increase in prison populations, the emergence of overcrowding as a major public issue, and the increase in violent crimes in the U.S. Considers the development of new sentencing guidelines.
From the Paper
"This research examines the issue and phenomenon of prison overcrowding in the United States. The examination reviews trends in incarceration, trends in institutional overcrowding, issues associated with prison overcrowding..."
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County Jail Overcrowding, 1990.
This paper examines the problem of jail crowding in the United States: Causes, dangers, legalities, examples, emergency measures, early releases and intensive supervision.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of jail crowding in the United States, look at suggested solutions to the problem, its causes, dangers, legalities and the like, and examine emergency measures and other aspects.
Jail crowding is a complex issue that demands immediate attention and brave solutions. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the problem lags behind the problem itself. And as with so many difficulties that rise from public institutions, jail crowding cannot be assigned to one cause or remedied by one solution. Nor can crowding's cause and effect in one jail in one locale be compared with confidence to another jail somewhere across the country; indeed, in some cases comparisons cannot be made even across the state.
In addition to the diversity of the jails themselves, there ... "
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