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Global Outsourcing in American Industry, 2001.
Looks at the extent that American Industry relies on global outsourcing, with an emphasis on the software industry.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the extent that American Industry relies on global outsourcing. It focuses on the dependency that the software industry has on labor markets in places such as India and the effects these kinds of practices have on the local economy and society.
From the paper:
"Outsourcing is the practice of subcontracting some or all of a company?s information systems services to another firm. The approach has been around for many years, and corporations have been subcontracting work to low-cost labor areas for years, but in the past, this practice was limited to data entry job. In the 1990s, outsourcing began to grow by 15% a year, according to the Yankee Group, and the approach generated a huge amount of discussion, attention and renewed interest among business leaders in the United States and abroad. "
From the Paper
"Outsourcing is the practice of subcontracting some or all of a company?s information systems services to another firmThe approach has been around for many years, and corporations have been subcontracting work to low-cost labor areas for years, but in the past, this practice was limited to data entry job. In the 1990s, outsourcing began to grow by 15% a year, according to the Yankee Group, and the approach generated a huge amount of discussion, attention and renewed interest among business leaders in the United States and abroad. For instance, there were highly publicized, large outsourcing contracts by Eastman Kodak Company, Continental Bank, and General Dynamics, among other firms."
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Outsourcing in the IT Industry, 2004.
Uses the IBM corporation to examine the highly controversial issue of outsourcing.
2,271 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper uses IBM as a primary example of business outsourcing. The paper looks at the information technology industry itself, the corporate policies of IBM, and all of the various political and social arguments for and against IBM's practice of outsourcing. The paper attempts to determine if the 'dot.com' collapse is a rational explanation for the shift of the industry overseas, or whether it is merely another excuse for high profits and a corporation-centered political, social, and economic worldview.
From the Paper
"Nevertheless, this same New York Times article makes reference to the opposing point of view. Says Phil Friedman, Chief Executive of Computer Generated Solutions, a 1,200-employee computer software company, "Once those jobs leave the country, they will never come back. If we continue losing these jobs, our schools will stop producing the computer engineers and programmers we need for the future." Mr. Friedman?s statement points up the central argument of the outsourcing debate: What is the real reason major corporations are so eager to send their jobs overseas and into developing nations like India, and the People?s Republic of China? There can be no argument that IBM?s main businesses demand a high level of worker skill. These are the sorts of positions that require a college education along with often considerable amounts of on-the-job experience and expertise. No doubt, these individuals also command high salaries, and the equipment with which they work is likewise expensive."
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Outsourcing Automobiles to China, 2005.
A paper discussing the American automobile industry and whether outsourcing to China is a viable option.
4,339 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This report presents an assessment of the American automobile industry and addresses issues of expansion and outsourcing. Additionally, the report explores the viability of outsourcing production and manufacturing from the American auto industry to China. Finally, the report also considers issues of free trade and possible trade barriers.
Table of Contents
Introduction
U.S. Issue-Outsourcing to Foreign Markets
Pros and Cons of Outsourcing to China
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is also a focus in the current external environment on the ability of professionals and managers in the American automobile industry to be mobile in terms of their training opportunities as opposed to those professionals who prefer retraining to mobility. Training can be related to auto industry factors of qualified job applicants and outsourcing as something that retraining programs can help to alleviate in terms of
domestic impact, but retraining is a quite different paradigm to examine. This is because retraining implies that the automobile industry manager or employee, due to organizational restructuring and/or outsourcing, is being given the opportunity by the business to learn more skills that make them effective in the new structure that may have caused the company to make outsourcing changes. This retraining opportunity shows a different reflection, however, in terms of auto workers who are relatively young and employees and managers who are in the baby boom generation or older."
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Outsourcing IT Activities, 2007.
This paper examines the concepts of outsourcing, off-shoring and insourcing as they relate to the IT industry and IT dependent industries.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how outsourcing and off-shoring are vital to achieve organizational efficiency in the IT industry. The paper also shows, however, that great care must be taken in determining which business IT functions to shift outside the company. Case studies of the Southwest and Dell companies are provided to illustrate these points. The paper recommends that a value chain analysis be undertaken to determine which IT functions are key revenue drivers that should never be outsourced.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Globalization
Case Studies
Future Trends
Conclusions & Recommendations
From the Paper
"To be considered globally integrated and, in fact, to adopt globalization as an operational paradigm, one of the greatest necessities is infrastructure; both technological and physical. Many countries, in a drive to join the global economy and take advantage of the benefits globalization offers, are in a mad rush to develop, for as researchers have noted, technology networks have been one of the most heavily invested in areas of commerce over the last twenty years and this investment is increasing rather than decreasing (Brynjolfsson & Urban, 2001, pp.14-21). Countries and companies know that to join the world's economy they must first have the technology channels in place to handle the communication and transaction workload of international commerce, and must then have the physical infrastructure in place to handle transportation and logistics of goods and services through a supply chain channel. Such extensive global investment in technology has allowed companies to actually move back office functions as well as core business functions to remote locations with minimal impact on operational integrity."
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Outsourcing and IBM, 2004.
An analysis of IBM and the outsourcing of jobs in the information technology industry.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the outsourcing of jobs is one of the most hotly contested in issues in modern-day America and how skilled positions that were once thought secure are now regularly finding their way overseas to places like India and China. Big corporations claim that there are not enough properly trained and educated workers in the United States, and labor advocates say it is all because a computer programmer, in India for example, commands perhaps a third of the salary of his American counterpart. The international human rights advocate sees the outsourcing process as a necessary step in the development of the developing world; a weapon in the fight against poverty and parochial prejudice. In particular, it looks at how IBM has emerged as one of the leading players in this debate and how, as one the world?s leading information technology companies, it employs hundreds of thousands of people across the globe and sets standards that others are bound to follow. In order to understand the role of IBM, it examines the industry itself, IBM?s own corporate policies, and all of the various political and social arguments for and against the computer giant?s course of action.
From the Paper
"As a quick look at the latest available figures will reveal, IBM dominates the market in the production and sale of mainframe computers. From 2002 to 2003, IBM?s market share increased by ten percent, as compared to an industry-wide average increase of only five percent. With this increase, IBM now holds a solid 32% piece of the forty-six billion dollar global mainframe industry. Together, IBM and its three largest competitors ? HP, Sun, and Dell ? control nearly seventy-three percent of this market. IBM is a world leader in other fields as well. It shares the top five spots in computer notebooks with HP, Dell, Toshiba, and Acer. IBM lags only two-tenths of a percentage point behind Hewlett Packard in terms of IT storage revenue; the two companies together managing a hefty fifty-one percent share of the entire storage market. As a leading IT player, IBM and its few leading competitors thus have almost a stranglehold on the global industry. "
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IT - Outsourcing Yes or No?, 2008.
An examination of the pros and cons of IT outsourcing.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the determination, risks, benefits, costs and implications of IT Outsourcing. The paper explains that outsourcing is an arrangement in which one company provides services for another company that could also be or usually have been provided in-house. The paper looks at the various aspects of an IT service and how outsourcing and IT affect each other. The writer believes that only time will tell if outsourcing of the IT technology will be tomorrow's future or simply a temporary bubble in the industrial revolution.
Outline:
Introduction of Outsourcing IT
Determining if Outsourcing is Right for IT
Determining the Risks of Outsourcing IT
Determining the Benefits of Outsourcing IT
Determining the Overhead of Outsourcing IT
Determining if Outsourcing IT was the Correct Choice
From the Paper
"The 1990's opened up advancements in technology which became both a blessing for some companies but at the same time became an increasing challenge to keep up with the requirements to electronically link the suppliers and the customers. Businesses became faced with the challenges of re-engineering, downsizing, outsourcing, and restructuring in order to remain flexible and reactive. In the article "Just in Time for the Holidays" McNulty, E (2005 December) it was pointed out that Santa should stop thinking of himself as a victim of demand uncertainty. He needs to stop reacting to fads and start creating them." In this particular case the problem was reacting to the changing needs of the kids, in this case the changing requirements of the IT environment may be the same fad."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper is a complete quantitative research project, with an extensive literature review, that explores the impact of outsourcing on the American worker and the American economy.
19,940 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study investigates the impact of outsourcing specifically on white collar workers in the high-tech industry, who are increasingly becoming more affected by the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing. The author reports that the methodology for the study was a questionnaire, using a 7 point Likert scale, which was sent to 65 randomly selected computer programmers employed in the U.S. at Microsoft, Cisco and Apple. The paper indicated that the quantitative research and the literature review conclude that outsourcing is a serious issue, which impacts American workers and the American economy; however, it is clear that the practice of outsourcing is here to stay. The paper includes the questionnaire and many quotations, tables, figures and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Globalization
Politics of Offshore Outsourcing
Trends in Offshore Outsourcing
Most Popular Countries for Offshore Outsourcing
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on the American Worker
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on White-Collar American Workers
The Impact of Outsourcing on the American Economy
Security and Cultural Barriers Associated with Offshore Outsourcing
The Future of offshore Outsourcing
Methodology
Methodology Overview
Methodology Survey
Subject Population
Data Collection
Organization of the Study
Results
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications
Appendix
Survey
Letter Sent to the Appropriate Managerial Personnel
Low Labor Cost Chart
Number of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Projected to Shift Offshore
Share of Projected American Jobs Moving Offshore
Workers Displaced From and Reemployed in Full-Time Wage and Salary Jobs
Hourly Compensation Costs
Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers
Employment Cost Index
Employer Cost for Employee Compensation
From the Paper
"The literature review asserts that a great deal of the focus on outsourcing began as a purely political issue. The literature review indicates that politicians used the slowdown in the labor market, to assert that the cause of the slowdown was offshore outsourcing. The literature review also found that many major media outlets had many reports on the topic of outsourcing, which may have distorted the true facts concerning the nature of outsourcing on workers and the economy. On the other hand, many years after that election, offshore outsourcing seems to be an issue for many American workers."
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Outsourcing - Ethical Dilemma, 2005.
This paper examines the phenomena of outsourcing from an employee and corporate perspective in an attempt to gain insight into the pros and cons of the outsourcing issue.
1,102 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The writer proposes that outsourcing is morally and ethically an objectionable practice, that results in little benefit to the company and much harm to the employees it affects. A formal review of the literature available with regard to outsourcing is analyzed, and the case against outsourcing is made. The paper shows how outsourcing impacts workers in a negative manner, goes against the moral and ethical standards inherent in business and proves that outsourcing will ultimately result in dissatisfaction for corporations in the long term.
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of Outsourcing
Right/Duties/Moral Obligations of Corporations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"From a moral and ethical standpoint, outsourcing is wrong and has negative consequences on both employees and the productivity and efficiency of corporations in the long term. From a practical standpoint, corporations that rush to outsource job functions realize few returns on their investment and few profit savings in the long term. The rush to outsource has left companies with little value and no tangible increases in productivity or delivery."
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Outsourcing in an International Firm, 2007.
This paper discusses the practice of outsourcing from the perspective of a multi-national firm, focusing on General Motors.
926 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing in international business, concentrating on General Motors. The writer maintains that the most often-mentioned advantage is the ability to significantly drive down wage and production costs, yet there are also process costs that can also be significantly reduced. The writer points out that a major disadvantage of outsourcing is the culture clash that happens between manufacturers and those doing the outsourcing, with one or the other rejecting each other's culture. The writer concludes that General Motors had no choice but to embark on private industries' largest ever outsourcing initiative, as their market share in core markets is dwindling quickly as the onslaught of the more fuel-efficient and affordable sport utility vehicles are penetrating their core markets.
Outline:
Introduction
Advantages of Outsourcing
Disadvantages of Outsourcing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A second major reason General Motors wanted to outsource IT was to accomplish higher levels of customer service performance globally from this specific organization. The dual benefits of greater responsiveness and cost reductions in addition to stabilizing what for many companies is a high turn-over operation with attrition of 60% or more makes outsourcing service and support an imperative. The fact that outsourcing companies also keep trainers on staff in the event new employees need to be trained due to attrition also appeals to many manufacturing and services companies including GM."
"A third major reason that manufacturers outsource in general and GM specifically was to obtain needed IT expert-level skills more economically in global locations other than the U.S. This is especially true in the context of the Sarbanes-Oxley compliance efforts GM plans to pursue in the context of their global outsourcing effort. This also is the case with lean manufacturing concepts for industrial manufacturers who are interested in getting significantly lower per unit production costs, and realizing economies of scale in procuring parts and components in India and China where costs for these key components are significantly lower than in the US."
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IT Outsourcing, 2007.
A discussion of the advantages of outsourcing in information technology.
4,798 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the benefits of companies outsourcing projects, especially in the area of information technology. Outsourcing is defined and reasons are given why a company may decide to use outside contractors over in-house employees. Various countries that have profited from outsourcing are listed, followed by a discussion of how outsourced jobs may affect the US economy. Globalization as it relates to outsourcing is analyzed. Next, the paper devotes a large section to IT outsourcing, which includes a list of the benefits of this way of doing business. The paper concludes by acknowledging the role of management in making an outsourcing project successful.
Outline:
Introduction
Outsourcing defined
Outsourcing in Developing Countries: the Aftermath of Globalization
Table 1. The Role Played by the Developing Countries in Trade and Capital Flows
Table 2. Regional perspective on the Effects of Globalization.
Table 3. The Effects of Globalization in Selected Countries
Global IT Outsourcing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are many reasons why outsourcing or contracting out work is more preferred rather than developing in-house talents. First, it is seen as more cost-effective (Domberger, 1998)-for example, a contracted personnel from other countries require only smaller salary because of the certain standardized salary scheme within the country; second, to cut cost and refocus resources (Holt, Kennedy, Rehg & Ward, 2002) . A large company with numerous personnel with no specific work is the same with a company with smaller personnel but with specified work. This was done through outsourcing of different functions from different sources. And third, lower investment in internal infrastructure (Reaser, 1996), it will be built instead to the outsourced country. "
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Offshore Outsourcing, 2004.
An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of offshore outsourcing, with a focus on India.
4,930 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how outsourcing to India can be very lucrative due to significant cost savings and many other beneficial factors surrounding the Indian software market. It discusses offshore outsourcing through a review of the article, "Inside Outsourcing in India", by Stephanie Overby. It examines how, in the article, two experienced entrepreneurs share their lessons and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Indian outsourcing. This paper also explores the history and future of offshore outsourcing, as well as how to successfully plan, implement, and manage such a relationship.
Outline
Executive Summary
Introduction
History
Advantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Planning the Outsourcing Relationship
Implementing the Outsourcing Relationship
Managing in an Outsourcing Relationship
Current Affairs
Future
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that outsourcing does not shift all responsibilities to service organizations. When stockholders, government agencies, customers and vendors demand answers to key questions, you can bet that they will not stop with the outsource service organization. In fact, most legal and fiduciary responsibilities cannot be shifted at all. The bottom line is this, when there is a serious problem, key questions to be answered, or operational shortfalls, the responsibility resides with management and not the service organization."
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Outsourcing, 2006.
This paper examines the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing, by way of a third-party service provider, in business.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper defines outsourcing as the allocation of responsibilities or assignments from in-house production to an outside body. This paper details the advantages and disadvantages to this growing business practice. The writer of this paper examines the effectiveness of outsourcing and out-tasking which entails shifting a considerable amount of management control to the supplier. This paper also discusses the issue of outsourcing to foreign countries where the cost is significantly lower. This paper delves into the development of outsourcing, which began with Ross Perot in 1962, and has since become a growing world-wide trend. This paper details the various types of services that are outsourced, such as computer programming positions, administrative works and production assignments, while also discussing the countries that end up with these jobs, like India, which continues to be the highest end-point for outsourced work. This paper also explores the primary causes for outsourcing, which begins with lower pay. This paper also examines the various companies that are currently outsourcing their services, such as Delta Airlines.
Table of Contents:
What is Outsourcing?
What is the Percentage of US Firms that Outsource?
What Kinds of Jobs are Outsourced? Labor Intensive? Technology Based?
What is the Major Cause of US Firms Outsourcing Work?
Is There Any "In-Sourcing"? Other Countries Send Jobs to the US? What Kinds of Jobs? What Countries?
References
From the Paper
"The recent figures reveal in-sourcing is responsible for more than 6.5 million jobs countrywide. Even though this is less compared to the number of outsourced occupations, the difference has really come close in the previous 25 years. This implies, a latest pattern has been observed wherein foreign businesses accumulating jobs in the U.S. rapidly compared to U.S. companies have added jobs in foreign countries. Take into account what has taken place in heavy production industries comprising the production of vehicles, computers, electronics and other machineries. From the middle part of 1990, foreign enterprises have put up 400,000 more jobs in these industries in the U.S. Over the same period, U.S. companies shifted 300,000 vacancies to foreign nations in the same business sectors."
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Outsourcing, 2005.
This paper discusses the growth of outsourcing as a business practice - especially U.K. companies outsourcing their I.T. infrastructure to India.
17,710 words (approx. 70.8 pages), 67 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that outsourcing of any nature is a business strategy, which organizations are using to manage their profits and their productivity; however, this practice requires extensive evaluation to execute this strategy successfully especially in the area of personal management. The author points out that, in the past, organizations generally only outsourced their call centers and support desks; however, now organizations are increasingly outsourcing their design and R & D departments thereby creating the risk that an organization can lose critical expertise as a result of all their employees within the U.K. no longer being involved with these activities. The paper relates that many Indian companies, like Wipro and Infosys, also are establishing their operations in the western world to offer companies the expertise and talent of a large pool of Indian workers but keeping close to the operations in U.K. to allow them to understand the changing strategies and the market demands. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Importance of this Study
Purpose of this Study
Limitations of this Study
Overview of Thesis
Literature Review
The Cultural and Contextual Issues Affecting Businesses
The Rationale behind Outsourcing by a Business
To Learn from the Success and Failures of Outsourcing Undertaken in the Past
The Importance of Change In the Business Development and Sustainability
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion and Recommendations
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wages and benefits have also undergone revolutionary changes due to outsourcing. Where in the past, markets were restricted by geographical boundaries and labor demand and skill level determined the quality of live of the region, globalization has offered organizations and countries a more "leveled" playing field. In this environment, a worker in the U.S. is not competing against another worker at the same level and with the benefits and salary in the U.S., but rather against a worker in China, India, Mexico or Malaysia who might have a different wage and benefit structure. Social and cultural needs of the population have also impacted the wages and benefits of workers. In the past, most developed countries had generous and adequate benefits for their workers at all levels of the organization. At present, dealing with the "entitlement syndrome" is a challenge for most organizations in the U.S. and other developed countries such as the U.K. and Germany."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper explores the critical factors related to successful outsourcing initiatives.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that more and more companies are outsourcing job functions to enhance organizational efficiency and promote cost savings within the organization. The paper examines the positive and negative consequences of outsourcing and evaluates key initiatives necessary to ensure the success of outsourcing in a selected company. The researcher sets the stage for successful outsourcing in the selected company by identifying seven key steps for success.
Outline:
Introduction
Planning Initiatives Outsourcing
Strategic Implications Outsourcing
Analysis of Cost and Performance Outsourcing
Provider Selection Outsourcing
Terms of Negotiation Outsourcing
Resource Transitioning
Managing Relationships
Lessons Learned
From the Paper
"The project considered for outsourcing is hiring all administrative staff within the company to carry out clerical and basic administrative functions. The theory supporting outsourcing is by outsourcing daily tasks the company will reduce overhead expenditures and operate more efficiently and cost-effectively. Many issues however, surround outsourcing and the success or failure of strategic outsourcing initiatives. This paper will also discuss planning initiatives, the strategic implications of outsourcing, analysis of cost and performance outsourcing, relationship building and other critical factors related to successful outsourcing initiatives within the company."
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Outsourcing.
This paper discusses outsourcing, particularly the Ford Motor Company's outsourcing to China.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that heavy dependence on outsourcing by business enterprises shows that the enterprise is only concerned with profits and does not serve its society. The author points out that China is slowly becoming the world's factory because China is able to pull huge investments from major manufacturers due to its lower labor costs and large population. The paper relates that Ford Motor Company is outsourcing to China by using a joint venture with its Chinese partner, Chongging Changan Automobile Co. Ltd. U.S. suppliers are finding it extremely difficult to match their prices with that of China, and they, too, are outsourcing to China or moving their operations to China.
From the Paper
"For any economy to be stable and thriving, manufacturing base is vital. Manufacturing industries provide long-term employment to the public. The public become wealthier and will be able to spend and pay taxes. However, the manufacturing industries face many problems to run their industry in a profitable manner. In a strong currency country, like U.S., the manufacturing cost is higher due to higher labor costs."
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