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Osteoporosis, 2006.
An extensive study on osteoporosis.
3,162 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an all inclusive overview of a disease of the bones, known as osteoporosis. It begins with a definition of the disease and continues to discuss its incidence and morbidity rate in the US. The author also examines the prevalence in men, women and children. The paper explores the costs of osteoporosis to society. The study sheds light on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. It concludes with a discussion on trends regarding the treatment of osteoporosis.
Table of Contents:
Definition of Osteoporosis
Incidence of Osteoporosis
Prevalence of Osteoporosis
Morbidity of Osteoporosis
Costs of Osteoporosis to society
Secondary Osteoporosis
Juvenile Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis in Men
Etiology of Osteoporosis
Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis
T and Z Scores
Treatments and Trends in Osteoporosis
End Notes
References
From the Paper
"A new theory is given for the first time to clarify the etiology of osteoporosis. Prostaglandins like E2 and F2 alpha at certain concentrations have been found to cause bone formation. A close relation is present between levels of prostaglandins -- E2 and F2 alpha shown in the neonatal mouse causing bone formation, with estimated prostaglandins --E2 and F2 alpha concentrations found in man. Some hormones like "vasopressin, oxytocin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, cortisol, estradiol, and testosterone" can obliquely affect prostaglandin formation resulting in reduced bone formation. The link between these hormones and prostaglandins -- E2 and F2 alpha describes the physiological mechanism whereby estradiol can be useful for the treatment of osteoporosis. This link also explains the etiology of lumbar spondylitis/spondylodynia, causes for complaints of enhanced pain in wet cold weather among arthritics and a number of other events."
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Osteoporosis, 2002.
A study of the deadly disease Osteoporosis.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the bone disease Osteoporosis that often effects elderly people. The paper describes the condition and the effects on the body, which can cause a simple bone fracture to be life threatening. The author of this paper discusses nutrition and exercise to prevent the onset of Osteoporosis.
Table of Contents
1. What is Osteoporosis?
2. Who does Osteoporosis affect?
3. What Causes Osteoporosis?
4. Is Osteoporosis Preventable?
5. Is there a cure for osteoporosis?
6. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones. More specifically, osteoporosis refers to the condition of thinning, weakening bones resulting from a calcium deficiency. The skeletal system serves two central purposes. First, it provides structural support for the organs and muscles of the body. Second, the skeletal system acts as a depository for the body's calcium and other essential minerals, such as phosphorus and magnesium. The skeleton is very important, as it holds 99% of the body's calcium. Bone tissue, like the body's other organs, is persistently being broken down and renewed again. "
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Osteoporosis, 2005.
A discussion about osteoporosis - pathology, symptoms and treatment.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is also known as porous bone and is a disease that clearly shows lowered bone mass and structural deterioration of the tissues of the bone. The paper explains that these characteristics lead to fragility of the bone, due to which there is increased susceptibility for fractures in the regions of the hip, spine and wrist. It shows how osteoporosis can affect both men and women, though women seem to be more prone to the disease. The paper concludes that osteoporosis is a disease that if care is taken, can be prevented and treated.
Outline
Introduction
Prevalence of Osteoporosis
Financial Cost Associated With Osteoporosis
Patho-physiology and Associated Symptoms Of Osteoporosis
Treatment of Osteoporosis
Role of the Geriatric Nurse Practitioner
Mechanisms for Increasing the Awareness of Osteoporosis
References
From the Paper
"The first and most important step in creating awareness is to make the elderly people of the country aware of osteoporosis and its effects on the elderly. The elderly do require medical health care facilities from time to time and during their visits to the health care provider information on osteoporosis. The elderly can themselves act as information disseminators as they move with their elderly friends. Volunteers from the elderly group may be even those who are borderline cases may be used, for this purpose. Finally nation wide coverage of the disease osteoporosis by the media will ensure that the attention of the legislators is attracted to this problem of osteoporosis that is posing a serious health hazard to the elderly people of the United States of America. (The national osteoporosis awareness plan)"
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Osteoporosis, 2002.
An explanation of the bone disease, Osteoporosis.
2,679 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the causes and symptoms of Osteoporosis, the most common type of metabolic bone disease in the United States, which is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue making bones fragile and highly susceptible to fractures. The paper lists the causes of osteoporosis, how it affects the body, how people are affected by it psycho-socially, how it is diagnosed, how it is usually treated, new developments in treating the disease, and steps which can be taken to prevent it from occurring. In addition, the appendix provides further information on community resources, places where patients can go for further information on handling osteoporosis, and a nursing care plan for patients with osteoporosis.
From the Paper
"Bone is continually being made and reabsorbed to maintain calcium levels in the body and for growth (Yahoo Health, 2000). In adults, the main reason for new bone growth is to repair fractures. Peak bone mass, which occurs at the cessation of growth, is genetically determined. Adequate nutrition during growth is necessary for optimum development of the skeleton, and the most important nutrient for bones is calcium. Insufficient calcium intake results in weaker bones which are more likely to fracture (Dempster and Lindsay, 1993, p. 798). Mechanical stress is also thought to be important in bone maintenance and growth."
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Osteoporosis Education, 2005.
This paper explores the roles of nursing and education within the area of osteoporosis.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of nursing articles which assess osteoporosis and public education. It is believed that osteoporosis can be prevented or significantly minimized in its physiological impact. Through exploring the literature, this paper discusses the roles of nursing and education within the area of osteoporosis. State and federal programs are assessed in this article.
From the Paper
"This paper provides a brief overview of nursing articles that assess osteoporosis and public education. It is believed that osteoporosis can be prevented or significantly minimized in its physiological impact. This paper will explore the roles of nursing and education within the area of osteoporosis. The emergence of osteoporosis within human physiology is connected to the breakdown of bone tissues. Numerous factors can promote this degenerative disease, including diet, weight, lifestyle habits (such as exercise), and routine screening and prevention strategies that are used to detect the emergence of the disease and to promote treatment. Additional factors suggest that certain population types are more likely to exhibit the signs of osteoporosis than are others. Caucasian women over 65 tend to manifest osteoporosis at a greater frequency than other populations."
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Osteoporosis, 2006.
A discussion regarding osteoporosis and how to go about preventing the disease.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the disease osteoporosis, a skeletal disease marked by loss of bone mass and density which leads to an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis can be prevented, but the most serious obstacle to prevention is lack of information. The paper then talks about the groups that are at high risk for osteoporosis, the very highest risk population being post-menopausal women.
From the Paper
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Osteoporosis in the US, 2007.
This paper presents information about osteoporosis, including its causes and treatments.
2,961 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth discussion on osteoporosis, including a description of the disease's symptoms, causes and treatment options. The paper also describes who is at risk for developing this condition and cites recent medical studies on osteoporosis. A large portion of the paper explores the impact of diet on osteoporosis. Finally, the paper presents various drug treatments for the condition from a scientific perspective.
From the Paper
"Records say that osteoporosis affects more than 25 million Americans (Mangels 2005). In 2001 alone, the approximate national direct expenditure for osteoporosis and fractures related to the condition was $17 billion and still rising. A person, especially a woman, needs 1,000 mg of calcium daily before menopause and 1,500 mg after menopause if she is not taking estrogen (American Family Physician 2004). Good sources of calcium are nonfat and low-fat dairy products, dried beans, sardines, broccoli, juices and cereals, which are fortified with calcium. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and a woman needs 400-800 IU of the vitamin daily. Treatment of osteoporosis includes proper diet, exercising, quitting smoking and medicines, such as hormones (American Family Physician)."
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Calcium and Osteoporosis, 2000.
An investigation of the nutritional basis of calcium and treatments of the disease osteoporosis.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Osteoporosis has been estimated to afflict from five to twenty million people in the United States alone. It is the principal cause of skeletal fractures in the elderly. The paper shows that while consuming enough calcium is important, bone health is more than just a matter of getting enough calcium in your diet. The paper examines what medical science knows about calcium and bone, and what it does not know about the disease, and overall bone health. The paper addresses five areas: calcium and bone, calcium nutrition, illnesses caused by insufficient calcium, suggested calcium intakes and, lastly, osteoporosis and calcium.
From the Paper
"Osteoporosis is a silent disease and there might not be symptoms until a bone breaks and the condition is recognized after the incident on x-rays. The first sign may be hip or low back pain, or painful swelling of a wrist after a fall. Persons who fall into the risk factor groups should do all they can to avoid these symptoms by eating well and exercising. It is best to prevent the disease by building sturdy bones in childhood, but there are other steps you can take. Your peak bone mass is reached during your twenties and thirties so get regular weight bearing exercise, such as walking. In addition, get plenty of calcium in your diet and if need be use supplements. The average American diet contains about five hundred milligrams a day, but one thousand milligrams a day is recommended and needed. Do not smoke, and drink alcohol only in moderation. If you are at risk of developing osteoporosis and are nearing menopause, talk with your doctor about estrogen or other hormone replacement therapies."
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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, 2005.
A comprehensive scientific description of postmenopausal osteoporosis, its physiological causes and current available treatments.
1,807 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper includes a description about the effects of postmenopausal osteoporosis on the American public. It compares normal bone function to the changes that happen during post-menopause in women that cause osteoporosis. It outlines current treatment methods, urging for more research into therapy treatment methods.
From the Paper
"Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and bone quality. In the United States, 26% of women over the age of 65, and 50% of women over the age of 85, have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes over 1.5 million fractures a year and is responsible for billions of dollars in healthcare costs. The U.S. Surgeon General reported that calcium, vitamin D supplementation and physical activity are among the first steps in fracture prevention from osteoporosis. Pharmacotherapy has also been shown to provide substantial reduction in fracture risk over only a treatment program of calcium and vitamin D supplementation."
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Osteoporosis, 2007.
An analysis of the results and implications of research into osteoporosis.
11,907 words (approx. 47.6 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 231.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a study that was done to determine bone mass density in a group of 58 women. The paper analyzes the methodology and results of the study and then discusses the implications of osteoporosis in the general population. It looks at the consequences of osteoporosis, the human and economic costs and gives recommendations for the community on how to combat the problem.
Table of Contents:
Results
Data Analysis
Methodological Limitations
Results
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Limitations of Study
Implications
Recommendations For Further Research
From the Paper
"Fortunately, there is some guidance available from the American College of Physicians (ACP) for this purpose. The ACP published clinical guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women in 1992 concerning preventive hormone therapy emphasizing that a distinction must be made when initiating therapy for therapeutic reasons with regards to menopause versus prevention. "The decision to begin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be a consensus between the patient and her physician," they advise, "and a discussion should be held discussing the merits and potential harms of therapy" (p. 348)."
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Preventive Medicine: Chlamydia, Osteoporosis, 2004.
This paper studies the conditions of chlamydia infection and osteoporosis.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This article includes an overview of the separate medical conditions of chlamydia infection and osteoporosis. At first, the writer presents a general introduction to the chlamydia infection. This is followed by an examination into the symptoms and diagnosis of this medical condition. The writer discusses treatment for the infection and looks into follow up of the treatment. The writer then applies a similar examination to the condition of osteoporosis.
From the Paper
"Chlamydia is a curable sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomalis. It can be contracted during oral vaginal or anal sexual contact with an infected partner. The bacteria live in vaginal fluid or semen. The infection may move inside the body if not treated and infect the cervix fallopian tubes and urinary canal. It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Chlamydia can sometimes occur without producing symptoms. Symptoms usually occur one to three weeks after infection. There may be an abnormal discharge of mucus ... "
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Osteoporosis, 2002.
An insight into the medical condition of osteoporosis.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This modern approach towards osteoporosis regarding its pathophysiology as well as complications, diagnosis, treatment and care. It also includes diagrams and pictures as needed.
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Osteoporosis, 2005.
A look at the problem of osteoporosis, a debilitating bone disease.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of osteoporosis, explaining that it is a disease that affects people on a global basis and is becoming more of a problem as people live longer and the global population grows. The paper also looks at the costs of treating the illness and risk factors associated with the disease.
From the Paper
"Approximately 8 million people in the United States are affected by osteoporosis (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al, 1997). Of these, 80% are older women (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al, 1997). In addition to this problem, another 17 million people in this country have low bone mass, which puts them at an increased risk for developing osteoporosis as they get older (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al, 1997). Every year, 1.5 million broken bones, 500,000 of them spinal fractures and 300,000 of them broken hips, are caused by the disease (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al, 1997). It has been predicted that 50% of women and 20% of men who are over the age of 65 will have a fracture or broken bone related to osteoporosis at some time throughout their lives (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al, 1997). The population of the world is increasing, and the life expectancy for people in many countries is also increasing, which means that osteoporosis and the number of people afflicted with it is going to continue to rise and become even more problematic in the future (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al, 1997). "
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Osteoporosis, 2006.
An overview of the bone disease, osteoporosis and its effects on the elderly.
2,573 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of osteoporosis as well as its life style and emotional effects on the elderly population.
Outline
History
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Epidemiology of Fractures
Treatment
Lifestyle Effects on the Elderly
From the Paper
"Primary osteoporosis in older adults is referred to as involutional osteoporosis, and Khosla, Riggs and Melton identify two types of osteoporosis in this category. Type one is postmenopausal osteoporosis, and it is primarily found in women 15 to 20 years after they have gone through menopause. Estrogen deficiency is fingered as the triggering mechanism, but since the majority of post-menopausal women don't actually develop osteoporosis, there have to be other factors present as well."
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Osteoporosis, 2005.
An in-depth discussion on dealing with osteoporosis.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper relates to the health issue of those suffering from osteoporosis. It explores the risk factors, types of diagnosis and treatment options. The current programs that are in place throughout the United States are profiled. The paper includes a recommendation for the development and design of a comprehensive national program that could be rolled out for healthcare practitioners.
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