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Origins of New English Words, 2002.
This paper is a research project that studies recent additions to the English language, the word formation processes, and the general subject areas to which these new words belong.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that, to get a representative sample of new words, all 101 entries in the T, U, and V sections of the Oxford Dictionary of New Words, published in 1997, were used as a sample. The author states that the sample reveals a very low degree of borrowing from other languages; instead, internal word formation processes, such as compounding, semantic change, derivation, and abbreviation are used to form the new words. The paper concludes that, as long as English is a dominant global language, it is unlikely that this trend towards internal coinage in favor of borrowing will change.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Instead, compounding was used to form the majority (40%) of the new words in the sample. These were often adjective-noun or noun-noun compounds such as ?tight building syndrome? and ?theme park?. This process produces words that are usually self-evident in a simple, logical manner, and it is hardly surprising that it is as frequently used in the formation of new words today as it has been throughout the history of the language.Derivation processes were used to form about 12% of the sample. As well as existing affixes being attached to existing words (?tankie?), a number of new prefixes and suffixes such as ?-ware? and ?techno-? were attached to pre-existing words to create new lexical items (?technobabble?)."
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A Constitutional Catastrophe: The Meanings and Origins of Catastrophe, 2000.
A look at the evolution of the use of the word "catastrophe" since the 16th century.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper was written for an English class in which we had to research the meaning and the origin of an English word.
From the Paper
"It was not until 1579 that catastrophe first appeared in written English. British poet Edmund Spenser[1] in his poem entitled ?The shepheardes calendar? first used catastrophe in the sentence ?this tale is much like to that in Aesops fables, but the catastrophe and ende is farre different.? According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first meaning of the word catastrophe in English, as used in the quote from Spender?s poem, was ?The change or revolution which produces the conclusion or final event of a dramatic piece.? Over time the word catastrophe grew in usage, but while there were slight changes in its meaning, the word still has the same meaning today as back in 1579."
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Native American Influence on American English, 2007.
An analysis of the history of certain American English words that have their roots in Native-American languages.
2,938 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of Native-American languages on American English. It begins by discussing the variety, origin and roots of Native-American languages. It then discusses early contact between settlers and Native-Americans and the evidence that has been found to suggest that American English was influenced by this contact, particularly the names of places names that were named after the tribes that occupied the location.
Table of Contents:
The Lumbee
What Does this Mean for Native American Words in American English?
From the Paper
"In conclusion, tribal languages are typically spoken only in places where tribal members are isolated. However, it is doubtful if there are any areas left where the tribal language is spoken exclusively. Typically the tribal language exists alongside English. As the number of native speakers diminishes, so does the usage of that language until it is eventually extinguished. This has been the fate of many native languages. The remnants that remain in American English are testimony to their existence. In some cases they are one of the last remaining references to their existence. The study of native American words in the English language gives us a glimpse into many ancient languages that are long forgotten and can give us clues to the cultures of these people as well. The study of Native language remnants is a testimony to the tribes and peoples that once represented the dominant culture in North America."
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Meanings of the Word ?No?, 2002.
This paper discusses the wide nuance of meaning and expression of the simple English word ?no?.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the denotative meanings as listed in the dictionary for which there are three main definitions for the word "no"; but, when used as an adverb, seven different meanings are given. The paper continues that while the denotative meaning is reasonably clear, the connotative nuances of ?no? are an exploration into the very complexity and inherent difficulty of the English language.
From the Paper
"It is crucial to go beyond the simple denotative meaning of a word, in order to fully appreciate the complexity of communication and meaning. While its denotative meaning is reasonably clear, the connotative nuances of ?no? are an exploration into the very complexity and inherent difficulty of the English language. Over the past years ?no? has been associated with female empowerment, and the word ?no? also brings up images of petulant toddlers defying their parents."
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Words and Language, 2005.
An analysis on the impetus of words.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the meanings of words change due to cultural and historical beliefs. It also addresses the way words like "nigger" and "fag" have the power to oppress when used by dominant cultures against subcultures, but how they can also be empowering when appropriated by the subcultures they are used against.
From the Paper
"Changes in the meaning of words often empower or oppress others. We might look to Naylor's depiction of the word nigger to see how words can serve to empower or impress. Racial slurs are often used to wound or shame ..."
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How Words Change Meaning, 2005.
Discusses how the meanings of words change due to cultural and historical beliefs.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This analysis discusses how the meanings of words change due to cultural and historical beliefs. It also addresses the way words like "nigger," "fag? and "dyke" have the power to oppress when used by dominant cultures against subcultures but they can also be empowering when appropriated by the subcultures they are used against. It also includes five noun phrase appositives and four adjective clauses.
From the Paper
"Changes in the meaning of words often empower or oppress others. We might look to Naylor's depiction of the word nigger to see how words can serve to empower or impress. Racial slurs are often used to wound or shame ..."
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Flag Desecration and Fighting Words, 2001.
Analysis of flag desecration as symbolic speech including symbolic speech and the first amendment; symbolic speech and fighting words and the landmark decision of Texas V. Johnson.
2,241 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough analysis of the landmark case involving flag desecration, Texas V. Johnson, and the idea of flag desecration as fighting words. In order to argue for the recognition of flag desecration as fighting words, which are federally recognized elements of speech that by their very utterance incite a breech of the peace, the author first makes a clear and concise argument for flag desecration as symbolic speech.
From the Paper
"In 1892, New York Baptist minister, Francis Bellamy wrote a few heartfelt words into his prayer book. The short prayer was to express his appreciation of the freedoms provided for in his beloved country ? America. Today we know that short prayer to be the Pledge of Allegiance. For more than one hundred years, American school children, new American citizens and men and women of the military have recited the patriotic prayer to show their loyalty to America. And although the recitors of the ?pledge? face an American flag, the pledge is not of allegiance to the flag, but to the United States of America. In fact, Bellamy wrote that while thinking of the pledge his emphasis was on ?the republic for which it stands.? (Baer) We may further understand that the republic by his definition, is synonymous with America."
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"The Words", 2004.
An analysis of a passage from "The Words," Jean Paul Sartre's autobiography.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a passage from "The Words" by Jean Paul Sartre's autobiography and focuses on the underlying pattern of ideas of the passage. It also examines the concept of the emerging self-consciousness of Sartre and the child's sense of self as the center of the universe.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to provide a textual analysis interpretation and study of a brief passage from The Words by Jean-Paul Sartre. The research will establish the context for analyzing the text and then discuss the pattern of ideas that dominate ..."
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The Last Words Of Jesus, 2002.
An Analysis of Jesus' last words in "Luke" and "John".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the last words of Jesus as recorded in "Luke" and "John" and explains the apparent contradiction in the two gospels. The author cites the Bible and two theologians to support her position.
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The Words We Use, 2002.
The importance of using correct words when speaking, especially when they are considered 'sexist language'.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The author of the paper shows that even though most people acknowledge that words can do real harm, many continue to insist that sexist language is a trivial concern. This paper looks at the reasons why it is important to be careful about the language that we use. It is all too easy for opponents of care in language to toss off concerns about bias as "political correctness". But it is important that the rest of us insist that "political correctness" can be viewed another way: As basic courtesy and civility. The paper uses several examples to demonstrate sexist language.
From the Paper
"The first comes from my high school, where one of the teachers a man ; would always scoff at requests by students that he not used biased language. ;I never feel left out when people talk about men; as meaning all of humanity; he would say. I know that they;re talking about the species as a whole, not just people with Y chromosomes. He was, it should be noted, speaking without any apparent irony. He never seemed to be able to appreciate the fact that while he might not feel left out, women and girls would."
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Review: A Language Older Than Words, 2006.
A review of Derrick Jensen's book "A Language Older Than Words".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Derrick Jensen's book about the extreme abuse his father inflicted upon Jensen and his family when he was a child. The paper explains that Jensen's book, "A Language Older Than Words", begins with the author's reflection of the horrifying events in his childhood and that Jensen then uses these events to reflect on society. According to this paper, Jensen's message is that society, much like his family did during their years of abuse, tends to pretend that horrible events that are taking place are not really happening.
From the Paper
""A Language Older Than Words" begins with the author's reflection of horrifying events in his childhood. While this subject matter might be sufficient enough to discuss throughout the pages, Derrick Jensen uses these events to reflect on society. Jensen's father was an extreme abuser of his entire family. Yet, Jensen explores the reasons for this in his focus on the modern social order. Jensen contends that his mother and siblings learned throughout their lives with Jensen's father to pretend that the beatings, fear and rape did not occur. Individuals in society often react identically to the world. A woman is raped, a neighbor family lives in poverty, or one society mutilates its own - these are all instances in which the world pretends events do not occur. Jensen discusses the fact that people know of these issues, but to discuss them is taboo. Like the individuals in Jensen's..."
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How New Words Come into a Language, 2005.
Discusses the various ways that new words come into a language.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This essay respectively discusses the various ways that word-formation processes come into a language namely; coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronyms, derivation, prefixes and suffixes, infixes and multiple processes. Furthermore, this essay also discusses the implications of word formation for a language learning and teaching process.
From the Paper
"The study of language has become a subject of interest for many years. English for instance, has without a doubt become the global language. Whenever we turn on the news to find out what is happening from four corner of the world, local people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English. To be more specific, English is adopted as an internal lingua franca and second language for most Europeans (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Dutch, and France) although English is not treated as an official language in these countries. While in most Asian countries, having English is always associated with having a prestigious job and career. However, people do not realize that English has adopted enormous number of words from various countries in the world since the imperialism and trade kicked off. "
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"The Journey Home: Some Words in Defense of the American West", 2002.
This pape ris a review of the book "The Journey Home: Some Words in Defense of the American West" by Edward Abbey.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper believes that by the manner of his research, his bias and facts, Abbey correctly demonstrates a problem with pollution in the American West.
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The Power of Words in 'Gulliver's Travels', 2007.
A review of the power of a word in Jonathan Swift's work, 'Gulliver's Travels'.
4,617 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book, 'Gulliver's Travels' by Jonathan Swift. The paper focuses primarily on the power of the words that make up this famous literary work. The paper takes a look at the common point between Gulliver's conversation with the various people he encounters during his travels, Swift's irony, and the book itself being considered a fairy tale for children and a bitter satire of the government of England and of humankind as a whole at the same time.
From the Paper
"The power of words in Gulliver's Travels cannot be totally elucidated if one does not pay attention to the strength of Swift's own message, through the scrutiny of satire, irony, sarcasm and humour, all of them hiding the true meaning of words and indulging in plays on words of all kinds. We will see that the power of the writer's words is to have multiple meanings -that is to say, Swift's words convey different messages, and their real significance is often hidden beneath the plainness of the style. Our analysis will try to highlight that satire and irony, even if they have limits in their turn, can be seen as the ultimate power of words in Gulliver's Travels."
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English Teaching Methodolodgy - ESL (English Second Language), 2002.
This paper explores some of the fundemental principles of teaching English as a second language.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper serves as a guide for teaching students English as a second language. It is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the first three weeks of educating a group that has never before learned English. The paper explains the characteristics of the material intended to be taught. It also clarifies what one should do if the students made mistakes and deals with ways of encouraging students to talk. The second part of the paper explores the required environment for second language acquisition and the thirds part discusses factors that are beneficial for second language learning efforts.
From the Paper
"First impressions are important in establishing a good relationship between teachers and students. Foreign students often come to the classroom with many fears. (Cary, 2000) Therefore, it is very important that the teacher establish a friendly, enthusiastic atmosphere free of any negative vibes. (Samway, 1999) Even though the students are afraid, this can be eased by a friendly smile and pleasant small talk. This is especially important before giving any sort of assessment test, which should be given during the first class of the term as part of class orientation."
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