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Oregon Laws, 2002.
A discussion whether you need to be 17 to watch R rated movies.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper depicts the fact that the Oregon Law requires a legal age of seventeen to be established for watching R Rated movies. The author finds it useless and feels that it should be lowered.
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Age of Consent Laws, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of age of sexual consent laws and some of the current debate surrounding this issue.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that American common law, which formed the basis for later legislatures, set the ?age of sexual consent? at ten; but, today, the laws are different in different states: California, Oregon, Arizona, and Wisconsin set age 18 as the minimum age for consensual sex (for girls); most other states set age 16 or 17. The author points out that, recently, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has filed a case in a Kansas appeals court demanding the reduction of the age of consent back to 13, as was originally defined in the ?Common Law?. The paper stresses that 'age of consent law' has an important restrictive role in our present day society and serves to protect young children from undue exploitation.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Brief History
The Present Law
Controversial Reactions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Topics of such controversial nature carry arguments from both groups. One the one hand are the parents, social reformers and religious leaders who are concerned about the declining moral values and the health disorders that will result from premature sexual indulgence. This group of people is trying to raise the limit of the age of consent and hope that a legal barrier would prevent what they perceive a moral disaster and protect young and innocent children from exploitation. On the other hand are those (ACLU) who revolt against the law as an intrusion into children?s personal rights. These groups consider the restrictive laws as ?a cogent and passionate critique of the war against young people?s sexuality.? "
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Death With Dignity Act, 2002.
An overview of this Oregon law dealing with legalizing euthanasia.
3,512 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act is a voter-approved initiative to allow for physician-assisted suicide under certain clearly defined circumstances and following specific procedures. This paper looks at the history of the law and the legal cases leading up to the passing of the law. Thereafter, the paper looks at the pros and cons of the law, reactions to the law by different interest groups and the law in reality.
From the Paper
"The first challenge to the law caused a federal judge to rule that Oregon's assistedsuicide law was unconstitutional because it unfairly discriminates against the dying. The court stated, "There is little assurance that only competent terminally ill persons will voluntarily die. Some 'good results' cannot outweigh other lives lost due to unconstitutional errors and abuses" ("Oregon AssistedSuicide Law Revoked" 18). Then, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected this lawsuit and ordered a lower court judge to throw out the suit against the 1994 law, stating that those bringing the suit could not show that they faced an imminent threat of harm and so had standing to bring the suit. This is the decision the Supreme Court then refused to hear. However, the U.S. Congress then considered a way around the law through the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997, Senate bill 304, which included a provision that would ban the use of federal funds "to cause, or to assist in causing, the suicide, euthanasia or mercy killing of any individual" (Kalmeyer 3835)."
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Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act, 2004.
This paper discusses the Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act and asks if physician-assisted death is death with dignity or assisting in a crime.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the only successful legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the U.S.A., the Oregon law called the Death with Dignity Act, passed in 1994 by a voter referendum and hung up in court for three years before another voter referendum to repeal the law was defeated in November 1997, and it became legal. The author explains that personal experiences with dying family members led her to believe that terminally-ill patients should have the right to die as they wish, and physicians should have an important role in that decision. The paper relates that the public?s support for assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide has increased over the past 50 years; today 72% of the population supports this issue.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of the Law
Supporting Arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The law also requires the prescribing physician to report all requests for medication to the Oregon Department of Human Services. In addition, in 1999, the Oregon Legislature added a requirement that pharmacists must be informed of the prescribed medication?s ultimate use. Physicians and patients that follow the above requirements are protected from criminal prosecution under the law. In addition, choosing physician-assisted suicide will not affect the status of a patient?s health or life insurance policies. There is no obligation for physicians and health care systems to participate in the law."
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Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, 2006.
Describes Oregon's Death with Dignity law.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the contents of Oregon's Death with Dignity law, the pros and cons of the statutes, and the potential impact of the law on the American health system. The paper includes the chronology of the law and efforts to repeal it.
From the Paper
"Oregon's Death with Dignity Act passed into law via a voter referendum in legalized physician-assisted suicide in cases in which an individual diagnosed as terminally ill seeks assistance in terminating his or her ..."
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Oregon?s Medicaid Program, 2002.
An analysis of segment of the Oregon Health Plan, applicable to the Medicaid program.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Oregon?s original Medicaid reform law provided for the centralized allocation of a broader array of health care services. It looks at how the policies applicable to the functioning of the Medicaid program in Oregon required a federal waiver for the state to deviate from federal laws governing the Medicaid program. It describes the Medicaid policy in Oregon and assesses Oregon?s approach to the administration of the Medicaid program within the context of the overall effects of the approach on the state.
Outline
Introduction
Description of the Policy
Justification for Government Intervention
Assessing Efficiency and Equity
Evidence of the Benefits and Costs of the Policy to Oregon and Oregonians
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The state?s controversial plan to prioritize Medicaid-funded services initially was rejected by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on the grounds the plan would violate the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The federal government contended that the original law tended to value of the life of a person with a disability less than the value of the life of a person without a disability. Oregon changed the law and the reform measure was approved by HHS through a waiver process for the state, and the new law was implemented in Oregon (Sage, Hastings, and Berenson, 1994)."
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Mandatory Health Insurance in Oregon, 2007.
An analysis of Oregon's proposed mandatory health insurance policy.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of imposing mandatory health insurance laws on all citizens of the state of Oregon. The writer discusses the financial challenges such a law would impose on low income citizens and how these citizens, that lack the financial ability to pay for insurance, would, consequently, not be able to avoid violating a mandatory health insurance law. The paper concludes that even though the framers of mandatory health insurance do not seem to have placed much value in the potential impact of unforeseen unemployment and do not seem to have much regard for the guarantees provided under equal protection under the law, these factors are directly relevant and must be evaluated. This document appends some of the sources used in writing this paper.
Outline:
Impact/Effectiveness Analysis
Workability Analysis
Efficiency Analysis
From the Paper
"Oregon's proposed policy that would implement mandatory health insurance requires careful study and a three dimensions of feasibility analysis, primarily because several inherent provisions of this prospective law appear to be unworkable and unenforceable. A range of other potential problems exists, but a significant unforeseen problem is that criminalizing low income citizens for being unable to afford health insurance may be in conflict with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law."
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temporarily unavailable
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Case Analysis: Gonzales vs. Oregon, 2006.
A written analysis of the case of "Gonzales vs. Oregon".
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
A written analysis of the case of "Gonzales vs. Oregon", which is currently being debated at the Supreme Court level. This case stems from the 1994 passage of the Death with Dignity Act, which allows terminally ill and mentally competent individuals to obtain drugs that could be utilized in the state of Oregon. The current debate questions administrative law and whether the former Attorney General John Ashcroft's interpretation of the Federal Control Substance Act to outlaw these drugs is valid and if the Justice Department is overstepping its boundaries.
From the Paper
"Oregon voters approved the legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in November, 1994. After being legally challenged the Oregon PAS law became effective in the latter part of 1987. Since 1998 and through 2004 there have been a total of 208 PAS deaths in the State of Oregon. There are existing concerns with the legalization of physician-assisted suicide and there has been a great debate about the legality and morality of this practice. All levels of American society look harshly upon the thought of the use of drugs or other means to hasten the death of someone even though they may be in excruciating terminal pain however, healthcare modernization has changed the very "character of death and dying." (Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, 2005) The case of Gonzales v. Oregon has arisen out of the debate which is one that is morally charged in nature as well as being the focus of lawsuits in relation to end-of-life decisions. However, this case has been subject to technical legalities and statutory interpretation."
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Physician Assisted Suicide: A Personal Review From Oregon, 2000.
A look at the issues of legal, physician-assisted suicide in Oregon.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The moral issue of physician-assisted suicide is in the forefront of controversial issues being discussed amongst Oregonians today, according to this paper. Oregon?s ballot measures 16 and 51 changed the law to legalize physician-assisted suicide - the first state to have such legal rights. This paper gives an inside perspective on the many opinions that the author from Oregon tries to portray.
From the Paper
"?In November 1994, Oregonians voted on ballot measure 16, a measure which would legalize physician-assisted suicide. Under this measure, physicians would legally be able to write a prescription of lethal drugs to adults with a 6 months or less diagnosis of a terminal illness? (http://www.ortl.org/suicide/background.htm). Before this election in Oregon, pro-euthanasia groups had come together and campaigned unsuccessfully in California in 1992, and in Washington in 1991. Perhaps the reason these two states were unable to gain election was because the method of death was legal injection to be administered by the physician. ?Exit polls revealed the public?s distrust of this method, thus causing the Right to Die campaign to ?soften? the method to self-administered drugs. This tactic was better received by the public, and Measure 16 passed by a slim margin of 51% to 49%, making Oregon the first government in the world to legalize physician-assisted suicide? (http://www.org/suicide/background.htm). Thus, from the start of this election, it is easy to observe that not everyone in Oregon was or is excited about this new legalization. Such a small margin of wining was bound to give rise to controversy over the issue, and that?s exactly what resulted."
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Cannibalism Along the Oregon Trail, 2002.
A discussion of cannibalism in 1846 along the Oregon Trail.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three-page undergraduate-level paper discusses cannibalism in 1846 along the Oregon Trail. The experience of the Donner Party is examined in order to resolve the issue of whether or not cannibalism is ever justified.
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Oregon DWDA, 2007.
This paper looks at the Death and Dignity Act in the state of Oregon.
5,628 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that today, with advanced technology and medical care, most terminal cases in hospitals, and greater involvement of legislation with privacy issues, dying has become complicated. In this article, the writer discusses that Oregon with its Death and Dignity Act (DWDA), permits terminally-ill state residents to end their lives through the voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician for that purpose. The writer maintains that this issue presents a valuable opportunity for individuals to decide while they can how to react to end-of-life issues before they become too prominent. The writer concludes that it is hoped that people can be objective and look at both sides of this issue for themselves and others to determine what is best for most people in the long term.
From the Paper
"Implementation of the Oregon "Death with Dignity Act" was delayed by a legal injunction. However, after proceedings, which included a petition denied by the United States Supreme Court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals lifted the injunction in October of 1997. In retaliation, at the upcoming November elections, the voters were asked to repeal the act through a general ballot. This time, when they rejected the repeal of the law by a wide margin of 60 to 40 percent, Oregon became the only state allowing legal physician-assisted suicide."
"The Death with Dignity Act permits terminally ill Oregon residents to obtain and use prescriptions from their doctors for self-administered, lethal medications. Under the Act, ending one's life in accordance with the law does not constitute suicide."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2008.
An examination of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and its benefits to health care in the United States.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Oregon's "right to die" legislation - its Death with Dignity Act. The paper discusses the strain on health care in the United States and then argues that allowing a patient to die of his/her own volition is a better use of health care facilities than taking heroic measures to prolong life, regardless how painful, demeaning or without purpose.
From the Paper
"Lost in the debate about Oregon's "right to die" legislation is that the State of Oregon also embarked on a thorough analysis of healthcare rationing. The state disallowed a number of categories of medical treatment, and cut back on a number of other such methods, in order to free up resources to focus on the sicker patients. The overall goal was to support procedures and the use of resources in such a way that healthcare was enhanced. The right-to-die legislation was part and parcel of this overall effort. Those backing the legislation in the State understood that heroic expenditures at the end of life were not only futile, but they diverted scarce resources from other areas where the patients could be better-helped."
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Gonzales v. Oregon, 2006.
A review and discussion regarding the case of Gonzales v. Oregon.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the case of Gonzales v. Oregon in which the question is posed whether the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq., and its implementing regulations authorize Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales to prohibit the distribution of federally controlled substances for the purpose of facilitating an individual's suicide, regardless of state law allowing such distribution.
Outline:
Title of Case
Case Number
Citations
Question
Holding
Facts
Majority Reasoning
Dissenting Opinion
Critique
From the Paper
"The majority decision seems to be more of a "political rebuke" to the Bush administration's aggressive use of the executive power rather than being based on strictly legal consideration. As pointed out by Justice Thomas in his dissenting opinion, the Court has disregarded its own precedent of "Gonzales v. Raich" in which the Supreme Court ruled by 6-3 that the federal government is entitled to enforce the CSA's ban of the use of marijuana, even though the state of California permits the drug to be possessed legally for medicinal purposes, and the marijuana use in question was for medical use (Smith) Moreover, the majority opinion in "Raich" also cited the Constitution's Supremacy Clause as "unambiguously" providing "that if there is any conflict between federal and state law, federal law shall prevail." (Quoted by Smith) This principle of the US Constitution was also surprisingly disregarded in "Oregon." The decision in "Gonzales v Oregon" in favor of physician-assisted suicide could also prove to be the start of the slide down the "slippery slope" and gradually extend the scope of physician-assisted suicides beyond just the terminally ill to others such as the disabled. (Grossman and Nicholls) The Court does not seem to have considered the moral dimensions of the issue in its decision."
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Crater Lake, Oregon, 2005.
This paper describes the geological and biological features of Crater Lake, Oregon.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Crater Lake, Oregon, which is the deepest lake in the United States, was formed, some 7,000 years ago, as the cavity from the collapse of a volcano filled with water. The author points out that the lake is renewed from rain and snow runoff each year. The paper notes the different organisms living in the lake and the depths at which they are found.
From the Paper
"Crater Lake, Oregon offers a number of interesting geological and biological features that exist because of the way the region was formed and the history since. Much of the biology of the region remains uncertain, for studies have only been undertaken in depth in the last 20 years. This fact makes the region especially interesting as new knowledge is gleaned about such lake systems and their interaction with the surrounding area. Crater Lake was formed from the eruption of Mount Mazama, leaving the crater that would fill with water and become Crater Lake. Once the volcano had erupted, it left a 4,000 foot deep caldera and a myriad of other geologic formations ("Crater Lake: History" para. 6). A U.S. Geological Survey party examined the area in 1959 and made sonar readings establishing the depth of the lake at its deepest point as 1,932 feet."
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